phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Bronchitis

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term exposure to low levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on airway inflammation. We studied seven normal, eight mild asthmatic and seven chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects. All subjects were exposed to air or to 0.3 parts per million (ppm) NO2 for 1 h, with moderate intermittent exercise, on different days and in random order. Before and 2 h after exposure, symptom score and results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were assessed. All subjects performed nasal lavage and hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation to collect sputum 2 h after both exposures. Asthmatic subjects had a higher percentage of eosinophils than normal and COPD subjects in HS-induced sputum after air (asthmatics: median 13 (range 0.4-37)%; normals: 0 (range 0-2)%; COPD 1.8 (range 0.1-19)%), whilst COPD patients showed a higher percentage of neutrophils than the two others groups. No significant differences in PFT values or percentages of inflammatory cells were observed in nasal lavage and in HS-induced sputum in normal, asthmatic and COPD subjects after NO2 exposure compared to air exposure, except for a mild decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 2 h after NO2 exposure in COPD patients. Symptom score showed a mild increase after NO2 exposure both in normal subjects and in COPD patients. We conclude that short-term exposure to 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide does not induce an early detectable acute inflammation in proximal airways of normal subjects or of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Environmental Exposure; Eosinophils; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Nitrogen Dioxide; Nose; Oxidants, Photochemical; Physical Exertion; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Single-Blind Method; Sputum; Time Factors; Vital Capacity

Topics: Airway Resistance; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Isoproterenol; Nose; Phenylephrine; Plethysmography; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory Therapy; Spirometry

Topics: Aerosols; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Humans; Methods; Nose; Placebos; Plethysmography; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory System

Associations between nasal and bronchial impairment have been repeatedly described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) in COPD patients is not yet fully understood. We studied nasal MCC parameters in COPD patients and compared them with healthy adults (HA) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with compromised MCC.. An observational study of 98 COPD ex-smokers and subjects from control groups evaluated for nasal MCC time (NMCCt) and by digital video microscopy of nasal mucosa recording ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern.. The NMCCt was decreased in HA compared to those with COPD and decreased in those with COPD compared to those with CF. CBF in COPD was lower compared to HA. The index of ciliary dyskinesia in COPD patients differed from HA. We detected higher NMCCt and lower nasal CBF in patients with chronic bronchitis phenotype (CB) compared to non-CB patients.. We confirmed the presence of impaired nasal MCC in COPD ex-smokers. These impairments were apparent predominantly in the CB phenotype.

Topics: Aged; Bronchitis; Cilia; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mucociliary Clearance; Nose; Phenotype; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking

Our objective was to investigate the occurrence of sleep-related breathing disturbances in a large cohort of school-aged children in Southern Italy, and to evaluate the association with anthropometric data and clinical findings of oropharynx and nasal airways.. A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted with children from schools in Turi, Italy.. A screening phase aimed to identify symptomatic children and clinical data from a cohort of 495 children by a self-administered questionnaire, and an instrumental phase for the definition of sleep-related disorders and clinical analysis of oral status were performed. According to the answers, children were classified into 3 groups: habitual snorers, occasional snorers, and non-snorers. All habitual snoring children underwent a polysomnographic home evaluation, and those with oxygen desaturation index (ODI) > 2 were considered for nocturnal polygraphic monitoring (NPM). Children with apnoea/ hypopnea index (AHI) > 3 received a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Moreover, a complete oral examination was performed.. A total of 436 questionnaires (response rate: 88.08%) were returned and scored (202 M, 234 F; Mean age ± Standard deviation: 6.2 ± 1.8); 18 children (4%) were identified as habitual snorers, 140 children (32%) were identified as occasional snorers, and 278 children (64%) were identified as non-snorers. The percentage of female children who were habitual snorers was higher than the percentage of male children (4.7% vs 3.6%). Habitual snorers had significantly more nighttime symptoms. OSAS was diagnosed in 2 children by NPM. A statistically significant association between snoring, cross-bite, open-bite and increased over-jet was found.. Habitual snoring and OSAS are significant problems for children and may be associated with diurnal symptoms. The presence of malocclusion increases the likelihood of sleep-related breathing disturbances.

Topics: Airway Obstruction; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Italy; Male; Nose; Open Bite; Oropharynx; Otitis; Overbite; Prevalence; Sinusitis; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Snoring; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tonsillitis

The relationship between nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and lower respiratory tract infections was studied in 16 critically ill patients. S. aureus strains from nasal and bronchial samples were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In all but one case, nasal and bronchial strains were genetically identical in the same patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Carrier State; Critical Illness; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bronchi; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchitis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia; Skin Tests

A 57 year old man with chronic bronchitis sought a consultation for dyspnoea at rest associated with an absolute inability to lie flat. Examination revealed paradoxical respiration and respiratory function testing revealed a mixed ventilation disturbance, which was predominantly obstructive and was aggravated in the dorsal decubitus position. Radiology revealed bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, which was confirmed on measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure. The patient benefited from assisted ventilation by the nasal route with an excellent result in both the short and the medium term. Investigation into the cause was negative, in particular there was no evidence of any neuromuscular abnormality. This case recalls the role of the diaphragm in acute respiratory failure and shows the value of mechanical ventilation by the nasal route in the treatment of certain types of diaphragmatic paralysis.

Topics: Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Masks; Middle Aged; Nose; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Mechanics; Respiratory Paralysis

We performed cytologic evaluations of 6116 nasal and/or bronchial smears from 4510 patients (average age: 7.6 years; 3 months--17 years) suffering from different kinds of chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (CNSRD); in 137 children (average age: 4.8 years) undergoing bronchologic examinations under general anesthesia we compared the findings with those for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Nasal smears of 77 healthy children at a day care center (control group) were analysed four times per year for "significant secretory eosinophilia" (SEE; i.e. more than 13% eosinophils). We found: 1. Healthy children do not have such "SSE" in contrast to children with CNSRD who show different frequencies of "SSE" depending on the age of the child and the specific kind (diagnosis) of CNSRD. 2. 4.6% of infants (first year of life) were found to have SSE with a statistically significant correlation to increase in the following 10 years up to 50% of all children (p less than 0.001). 3. We found SSE in 4.41% of cases with relapsing bronchitis, in 7.14% (8.3% resp.) with chronic bronchitis, in 6.49% (9.2% resp.) with relapsing or chronic obstructive bronchitis and in 46.05% (55.3% resp.) with bronchial asthma (p less than 0.001). 4. The intensity of obstructive symptoms (nose: rhinitis; bronchus: dyspnoea) did not correlate with the number of eosinophils in the secretions. 5. Only the smear cytograms (nose/bronchus) enabled us to detect "SSE" whereas BAL cytograms were too insensitive (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Eosinophils; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Infant; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Nose

Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Child, Preschool; Cladosporium; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nose; Pharynx

Sputum, nasal swabs, and throat swabs were obtained from 22 children aged between 5 and 15 years during 72 attacks of wheezy bronchitis. A virus, most commonly a rhinovirus, was isolated in 49% of all episodes and in 64% of 22 severe episodes requiring treatment with corticosteroids; the isolation rate was higher early in the illness than later. Virus was recovered more often from sputum than from the nose or throat, suggesting that viral replication occurs freely in the lower respiratory tract: the cytological findings in sputum were compatible with an inflammatory response to viral infection. Pathogenic bacteria appeared to play a minor role compared with viruses, and routine antibiotic treatment was probably of little value in moost cases. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of childhood wheezy bronchitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Pharynx; Respiratory Sounds; Sputum; Viruses

Topics: Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antitubercular Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bronchitis; Diabetes Complications; Drug Therapy, Combination; England; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Chest X-Ray; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nose; Occupations; Pneumoconiosis; Pulmonary Emphysema; Rifampin; Silicotuberculosis; Sputum; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis, Miliary; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bronchitis; Corynebacterium; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria; Nose; Novobiocin; Palatine Tonsil; Pasteurella; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tracheitis

Topics: Adolescent; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cilia; Common Cold; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Microscopy, Electron; Nose; Organ Culture Techniques; Respiratory Tract Infections; RNA Viruses; Trachea; Tracheitis; Virus Cultivation; Viruses

Topics: Aging; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Arteriosclerosis; Bronchitis; Cataract Extraction; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Interactions; Eye Diseases; Eye Injuries; Glaucoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intraocular Pressure; Intubation; Lacrimal Apparatus; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Nose; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Preanesthetic Medication

Topics: Animals; Autopsy; Blood; Bronchitis; Chickens; Eggs; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Germ-Free Life; Kidney; Lung; Nose; Ovary; Oviducts; RNA Viruses; Trachea

Topics: Aerosols; Air Sacs; Animals; Bronchitis; Cell Division; Chickens; Cilia; Epithelial Cells; Kidney; Larynx; Lung; Lymphocytes; Mucous Membrane; Nose; Poultry Diseases; Trachea

Topics: Asthma; Bronchitis; Epinephrine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Methods; Nose; Respiration; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sampling Studies; Sinusitis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tampons, Surgical

Topics: Allergens; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fungi; Humans; Infant; Male; Nose; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Seasons; Sex Factors; Skin Tests; Sputum

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Cell Count; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Sedimentation; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Larynx; Male; Nose; Serologic Tests; Sputum

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteries; Bronchitis; Carbon Dioxide; Catheterization; Chronic Disease; Humans; Methods; Middle Aged; Nose; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Spirometry; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immune Sera; Neutralization Tests; Nose; Pharynx; Respirovirus; Rhinovirus; Serotyping; Simplexvirus; Sputum; Virus Cultivation

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Bronchitis; Chlorpheniramine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Nasal Decongestants; Nose; Phenylephrine; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Sympathomimetics; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Adenoids; Bronchitis; Child; Humans; Infant; Nose; Rhinitis; Sinusitis

Topics: Bronchitis; Nose; Rhinitis

Topics: Berylliosis; Beryllium; Bronchitis; Granuloma; Humans; Nose