phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Bone-Diseases

Traditional theories on facial aging and methods for rejuvenation focus primarily on soft tissues with ptosis as the major mechanism responsible for senescent changes. Anatomic studies demonstrate that there are also many changes to the craniofacial skeleton as patients age. Midface skeletal augmentation, using implants made of porous polyethylene, is a simple and effective method to reverse age-related changes of the facial skeleton in patients with intact occlusion. Skeletal implants correct concave morphology by increasing projection and provide a means to resuspend cheek soft tissues that have descended off a deficient bony platform. Beyond rejuvenation, skeletal implants can be used to restore facial proportions in patients with midface deficiency secondary to trauma, congenital deformity, or other pathologic states.

Topics: Adult; Aging; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Diseases; Cheek; Eyelids; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Orbit; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Polyethylene; Prostheses and Implants; Rejuvenation; Zygoma

To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and the surgery therapy of maxillary fibrous hyperplasia of bone.. The clinical data of 37 cases with maxillary fibrous hyperplasia of bone from 1987-2006 years were retrospectively analyzed. 19 cases of male and 18 cases of female, their average age is 22.5 years (17-35 years). Twenty-one cases were operated by Caldwell-lud or lateral rhinotomy operation. After 1997, 16 cases were operated by Caldwell-lud operation with endoscopy so as to strip hyperplasia bone.. Thirty-six cases were cured within 2-4 years follow-up, 1 case was reoperated by Caldwell-lud operation with endoscopy after recurrence. The patients who received operation by Caldwell-lud operation with endoscopy had less symptoms in the inflation deformity of maxillofacial region and dysfunction of neighbouring structures than those who received traditional operation.. The diagnosis can be made by history, signs and radiography. Caldwell-lud operation with nasal endoscopy is more effective treatment, and advocated in clinical practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Diseases; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

Endoscopic endonasal approaches are being used with increasing frequency to provide access to virtually any anterior cranial base, clival, or anterior craniocervical pathology. The radiographic evaluation of skull base anatomy and its relationship to associated tumors is critical for both preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance, to ensure the safety and efficacy of these techniques. CT and MRI play a complementary role in guiding endoscopic endonasal procedures.

Topics: Bone Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cavernous Sinus; Craniotomy; Endoscopy; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Nose; Patient Care Planning; Petrous Bone; Preoperative Care; Radiography, Interventional; Skull Base; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A group of syndromes, consisting of Malpuech syndrome, Michels syndrome, Carnevale syndrome, OSA syndrome, and Mingarelli syndrome share the combination of symptoms of highly arched eyebrows, ptosis, and hypertelorism, and vary in other symptoms such as asymmetry of the skull, eyelid, and anterior chamber anomalies, clefting of lip and palate, umbilical anomalies, and growth and cognitive development. It has been suggested that they are in fact part of the same entity. Here, we describe a brother and sister with the same constellation of symptoms, and compare these with the various entities. We conclude that the present patients resemble most patients with Carnevale and Mingarelli syndrome, and the case reported by Guion-Almeida, and that these patients form together most probably the same entity. We suggest the name Carnevale syndrome as this author described this combination of symptoms for the first time. Malpuech and Michels syndromes are probably separate entities, although they may still be allelic. Pattern of inheritance of Carnevale syndrome is most likely autosomal recessive.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Blepharoptosis; Bone Diseases; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Craniosynostoses; Eyelids; Face; Female; Genes, Recessive; Humans; Hypertelorism; Male; Nose; Radiography; Skull; Syndrome; Torticollis; Urogenital Abnormalities

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Diseases; Cheek; Chin; Esthetics; Face; Facial Bones; Humans; Lip; Mandible; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Transplantation, Autologous; Zygoma

We report a cohort of 148 African children operated on between 1985 and 2000 for noma sequelae. A total of 440 operations were performed. Lesions included mouth constriction in 70 of 148 cases, and severe bone destruction in 69 of 148 cases. A large proportion of children was transferred to Switzerland for surgical treatment, whereas the others were operated on in local hospitals in Africa. Vascularized calvarium flap was mostly used for bone reconstruction (n = 36). Pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was the preferred strategy for cheek reconstruction (n = 40). Expanded frontal flap was used for nasal reconstruction (n = 18), and pedicled heterolabial flap for lip construction (n = 37). Given the elevated level of recurrence of mouth constriction (extraarticular ankylosis), a minimum of 2 years' follow-up after surgical treatment was considered mandatory. Follow-up was conducted by field nurses from the humanitarian organizations, and a third of the patients were seen directly by our surgical team during special missions to Africa.

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Diseases; Bone Transplantation; Cheek; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Contracture; Face; Facial Bones; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Lip; Male; Mouth Diseases; Muscle, Skeletal; Noma; Nose; Patient Selection; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recurrence; Skin Transplantation; Skull; Surgical Flaps

Individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) manifest a plethora of phenotypic characteristics, including asymmetric development of the middle and lower facial skeleton. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the development of cranial base asymmetries in patients with UCLP noted on posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs.. Thirty individuals with UCLP and 64 controls participated in this study. Medial and lateral cranial base asymmetries were analyzed on frontal cephalometric radiographs relative to three developmental stages. Furthermore, the development of horizontal and vertical lower facial asymmetry in these patients with UCLP was assessed in relation to cranial base, nasomaxillary, and dentoalveolar structures.. Individuals with UCLP demonstrated cranial base asymmetries that did not significantly differ from individuals without cleft. In addition, lower facial asymmetry in patients with UCLP correlated with horizontal lower facial and dentoalveolar asymmetries but not with cranial base or nasomaxillary structures.. No significant vertical cranial base asymmetries were detected in patients with UCLP. Horizontal lower facial asymmetry appeared to develop in close relation to the vertical asymmetries of mandibular fossae and dentoalveolus.

Topics: Adolescent; Alveolar Process; Bone Diseases; Cephalometry; Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Facial Asymmetry; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Development; Nose; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies; Skull Base; Tooth; Vertical Dimension

This study compared specific phenotypic and potential virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from invasive infections and nasal carriers. Three hundred and sixty isolates were studied; 154 from septicaemia (69 line associated, 85 non-line), 79 from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis, 64 from bone/joint infections and 64 from healthy nasal carriers. The isolates were tested for production of enterotoxins (SE) A, B, C or E, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) protein A, and also for lipolytic, proteolytic, fibrinolytic and haemolytic activities. In addition phage typing, crystal violet reaction, urease and galactose breakdown were studied. Seventy-one percent of isolates were enterotoxigenic. Production of SEA was significantly lower amongst the bone/joint isolates. Production of SEB, was lower among the control group compared with CAPD, bone/joint, and non-line septicaemia isolates. SEE production was higher among the bone/joint isolates compared with the CAPD and non-line septicaemias and production of TSST-1 was significantly higher among nasal isolates compared with isolates causing infection. Almost all of the isolates were lipolytic, with highest activity amongst nasal and bone/joint isolates. Fibrinolytic activity was similar in the five groups of isolates. Proteolytic activity ranged from 35 to 62% of isolates with the lowest frequency among septicaemia isolates. In all, 80-90% of isolates were haemolytic, although CAPD isolates were less likely to be haemolytic. Isolates from the control and CAPD group more frequently belonged to phage group I. TSST-1 does not appear to be an important requirement for invasive infections, but SEB may be. Proteolysis and intensity of lipolysis appear to be less important in septicaemia, and haemolysis may not be important in CAPD peritonitis.

Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Bone Diseases; Cytotoxins; Endopeptidases; Enterotoxins; Fibrinolysis; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Infections; Joint Diseases; Lipolysis; Nose; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Phenotype; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Protein A; Staphylococcus aureus; Superantigens; Virulence

The measurement of oesophageal pressure during maximal sniffs (Poes sniff) is useful to assess inspiratory muscle strength. The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive test of inspiratory muscle strength based on the sniff manoeuvre. The sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) was measured through a plug occluding one nostril during sniffs performed through the contralateral nostril. In 10 normal subjects and in 12 patients with neuromuscular or skeletal disorders, the SNIP reliably reflected the Poes sniff. Nasal mucosa congestion was induced in four normal subjects by nebulization of increasing doses of histamine. The SNIP accurately reflected Poes sniff when nasal congestion was moderate, but failed to do so when congestion was severe. Reference values of SNIP were established in a group of 160 healthy subjects aged 20-80 years. For both men and women, SNIP was negatively correlated with age, and was similar in the sitting and in the supine positions. SNIP was higher than maximal inspiratory pressure (P1 max) in most subjects, but the wide limits of agreement showed that these two methods are not interchangeable but complementary. The SNIP represents a useful noninvasive test of inspiratory muscle strength.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Diseases; Esophagus; Female; Histamine; Humans; Inspiratory Capacity; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Neuromuscular Diseases; Nose; Nose Diseases; Posture; Pressure; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Respiratory Muscles; Supine Position

There is presented an atypical case Wegener's granulomatosis of maxillo-nasal region without bony destruction. The case is unusual because of sepsis and purulent coxitis. The patient responded well to treatment with vincristine and cyclophosphamide. ANCA assays have very good sensitivity and specificity for Wegener's granulomatosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Diseases; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hip; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphocytes; Male; Maxilla; Neutropenia; Nose; Radiography

Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Bone Diseases; Calcium, Dietary; Diet; Glycine max; Nose; Phosphorus; Rhinitis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Turbinates; Zea mays

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Nose; Pressure; Radiography; Rhinoscleroma

Topics: Albinism; Bone Diseases; Deafness; Genetics, Medical; Hearing Loss; Humans; Iris; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Waardenburg Syndrome