phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Atrophy

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Atrophy; Beclomethasone; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Common Cold; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infections; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Infantile hemangiomas are common benign tumors of infancy with a predilection for the face. Nasal-tip hemangiomas, termed the "Cyrano deformity," can have especially devastating psychological effects. The ideal surgical approach and timing for these patients is unclear, as numerous designs have been reported in the literature. The authors present a novel approach to nasal tip reconstruction involving an algorithmic approach to incision selection and leaving a thin rim of hemangioma tissue under the dermis after debulking to minimize skin envelope atrophy. Nineteen cases were treated with the senior author's preferred method, with a mean age of 3.3 years and follow-up of 2.5 years. At follow-up, 10 patients were deemed by the senior author to have a very good aesthetic result, and the remaining nine patients were deemed to have an excellent one. The results of this study suggest that surgical intervention as early as 3 to 4 years of age is safe and provides good aesthetic outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Therapeutic, IV.

Topics: Atrophy; Child, Preschool; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Esthetics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemangioma, Capillary; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Rhinoplasty; Skin; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome

Facial deformation as a sequela of leprosy is caused not only by a saddle nose but also by regression of the maxilla, as well documented in paleopathological observations of excavated skeletal remains of patients with leprosy. However, maxillary changes in living patients have been evaluated only by the subjective visual grading. Here, we attempted to evaluate maxillary bone deformation in patients with leprosy using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT).. Three-dimensional images centered on the maxilla were reconstructed using multiplanar reconstruction methods in former patients with leprosy (n = 10) and control subjects (n = 5); the anterior-posterior length of the maxilla (MA-P) was then measured. The difference between the MA-P of the patients and those of controls was evaluated after compensating for individual skull size. These findings were also compared with those from previous paleopathological studies.. Three former patients with lepromatous leprosy showed marked atrophy of the maxilla at the prosthion (-8.6, -11.1 and -17.9 mm) which corresponded with the visual appearance of the maxillary deformity, and these results were consistent with paleopathological findings of excavated skeletal remains. Additionally, the precise bone defects of the maxilla could be individually calculated for accurate reconstructive surgery.. We have successfully illustrated maxillary bone deformities in living patients with leprosy. This study also confirmed the maxillary regression described in paleopathological studies.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrophy; Congenital Abnormalities; Face; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Male; Maxilla; Nose; Paleopathology; Skull; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This paper reviewed the outcome of cantilevered costochondral grafts used for dorsal nasal augmentation in the management of patients treated at the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU), Adelaide over a 29-year period.. All patients undergoing dorsal nasal augmentation with costochondral grafts as part of their craniofacial management between 1981 and 2009 were identified using the ACFU database, and their medical notes were reviewed.. 107 patients (50 M, 57 F), with a mean age of 12.3 years (range: 2-62 years) and requiring a total of 150 costochondral grafts, were identified from the departmental database. Mean follow-up after nasal augmentation was 5.6 years (1 month-31.5 years). 46% of the patients were diagnosed with Binder syndrome/Chondrodysplasia punctata; other diagnoses included Tessier midline clefts, cleft lip and palate and frontonasal dysplasia. A dorsal midline incision (49%) was the commonest method of access, with 84% of patients having mini-screw fixation for graft stabilisation. Complications included screw palpability, infection, skin necrosis and graft fracture. The commonest reasons for a replacement graft were graft atrophy and fracture, infection and persistent deformity.. Cantilevered nasal costochondral grafting is an excellent technique for improving nasal contour and function in a wide variety of clinical situations.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Cartilage; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Abnormalities; Middle Aged; Nose; Reoperation; Rhinoplasty; Ribs; Time Factors; Young Adult

The most significant factor contributing to the overall change in the appearance of an individual's facial features over time is age. This process of gradual structural weakening of the face begins during the third decade and continues to worsen during the remainder of an individual's lifetime. Here, we discuss how the approach to midface rejuvenation has evolved over time owing to our increased understanding of the aging process. In addition, we discuss specific techniques that we use that have helped us achieve more natural and lasting results.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aging; Atrophy; Biocompatible Materials; Cosmetic Techniques; Endoscopy; Esthetics; Eyelids; Face; Facial Muscles; History, 20th Century; Humans; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Rejuvenation; Rhytidoplasty; Skin Aging; Subcutaneous Fat; Treatment Outcome

We report on a father to daughter transmission of Barber-Say syndrome (BSS), a rare, congenital disorder characterized by severe generalized hypertrichosis, macrostomia, ocular telecanthus, bulbous nose and atrophic skin. These two cases further support the autosomal dominant inheritance. Both presented with the typical BSS symptoms but the phenotypic expression in the father was milder. Treatment is challenging for both patients and doctors, requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Atrophy; Child; Eye Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Karyotyping; Macrostomia; Male; Nose; Skin; Syndrome

Respiratory infection with the neurovirulent vaccinia virus (VV) strain Western Reserve (WR) results in an acute infection of the lung followed by dissemination of the virus to other organs and causes lethality in mice. The mechanisms of lethality are not well-understood. In this study, we analyzed virus replication and host immune responses after intranasal infection with lethal and non-lethal doses of VV using the WR strain and the less virulent Wyeth strain.. The WR strain replicated more vigorously in the lung and in the brain than the Wyeth strain. There were, however, no differences between the virus titers in the brains of mice infected with the higher lethal dose and the lower non-lethal dose of WR strain, suggesting that the amount of virus replication in the brain is unlikely to be the sole determining factor of lethality. The WR strain grew better in primary mouse lung cells than the Wyeth strain. Lethal infection with WR strain was associated with a reduced number of lymphocytes and an altered phenotype of the T cells in the lung compared to non-lethal infections with the WR or Wyeth strains. Severe thymus atrophy with a reduction of CD4 and CD8 double positive T cells was also observed in the lethal infection.. These results suggest that the lethality induced by intranasal infection with a high dose of the WR strain is caused by the higher replication of virus in lung cells and immune suppression during the early phase of the infection, resulting in uncontrolled virus replication in the lung.

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Brain; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Immune Tolerance; Lung; Lymphocyte Count; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nose; Respiratory Tract Infections; Thymus Gland; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; Virulence; Virus Replication

Dipropylene glycol is found in antifreeze, air fresheners, cosmetic products, solvents, and plastics. We studied the effects of dipropylene glycol on male and female rats and mice to identify potential or cancer-related hazards to humans.. We gave groups of 50 male and female mice drinking water containing dipropylene glycol at concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 parts per million (corresponding to 1%, 2%, or 4%) for two years. Male and female rats received concentrations of 2,500, 10,000, or 40,000 parts per million. Other groups received untreated water and were the control group. Tissues from more than 40 sites were examined for every animal.. The groups of animals receiving 40,000 ppm dipropylene glycol weighed less than the control animals. All the make rats receiving 40,000 ppm dipropylene glycol died before the end of the study, mainly because of kidney disease. All the other animal group survived as well as the controls. No increase in tumor rates were seen in any of the groups of rats or mice.. We conclude that dipropylene glycol did not cause cancer in male or female rats or mice. Exposure to dipropylene glycol did increase the rate and severity of kidney nephropathy and inflammation of the liver and salivary gland in male rats and some atrophy of the epithelial tissue of the nose in male and female rats.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Atrophy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Male; Mice; Neoplasms; Nose; Propylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Risk Assessment; Salivary Glands; Sex Factors; Water Supply

The aging nose presents a difficult challenge for the rhinoplastic surgeon. To best address the patient's wishes, the surgeon must possess a sound understanding of the atrophic changes associated with the aging nose, including tip ptosis, increased nasal bulbosity, a lengthened nasal appearance, and altered nasal airflow patterns. Surgical emphasis is placed on conservative structured reduction to address functional concerns. Overresection risks destabilizing the nasal tip and altering the patient's concrete self-image. This article outlines our approach to rhinoplasty in the aging nose with a special emphasis on the use of porous polyethylene alloimplants to provide added structural support.

Topics: Aging; Atrophy; Biocompatible Materials; Cartilage; Humans; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Nose; Polyethylene; Prolapse; Prostheses and Implants; Rhinoplasty

Facial lipoatrophies are rare disfiguring syndromes, most commonly characterized by loss of buccal fat pads.. To demonstrate a relationship between facial lipoatrophy and a new synthetic filler device (Profill) used to correct naso-labial folds.. Five cases of lipoatrophy, appeared 9 months or later after Profill injections. No systematic abnormalities were found. In one case biopsy reported a destruction of adipocytes with intense fibrosis in the hypodermis.. The culpability of this new biodegradable product is highlighted. To our knowledge, this is the first time this adverse reaction has been reported.. Serious adverse reactions may appear months after Profill injection, skin testing is not always predictive or sufficient. Clinical studies with long-term follow-up need to be carried out before new filler devices are launched on the market.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Face; Female; Humans; Injections; Middle Aged; Mouth; Nose; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes

Two patients are described with depressed atrophic scars. The first patient had undergone skeletal traction around the knee and the second patient developed an apparent anetoderma of the left side of the nose. Dermal undermining was performed as the only treatment with successful resolution of their contour abnormalities. Only a single treatment session was required in each case. A brief review of this technique is presented.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Cicatrix; Esthetics; Humans; Knee; Laser Therapy; Male; Nose; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Treatment Outcome

Soft and hard tissue defects of the cranio- and maxillofacial area, especially after an avulsion injury, are challenging to reconstruct. Sophisticated soft and hard tissue transfer techniques have allowed satisfactory reconstruction of the gross anatomic structure. However, these methods do not allow optimal restoration of fine anatomic detail or function. The advent of dental implants and modified dental implants for craniofacial applications has allowed maximization of cosmetic and functional restoration. Prosthodontists are capable of fabricating subunits of the cranio- and maxillofacial area with fine detail, reproducing the coloring, texture, and idiosyncrasies of a patient's native skin. Dental implant technology has allowed these prostheses to be bone anchored, yielding a reproducible and stable attachment. This method of attachment in turn allows flexibility in the design of the prosthesis, to maximize restoration, and imparts an increased sense of confidence to the patient. Illustrated are six examples demonstrating the versatility of dental implants in the reconstruction of avulsion injuries of the cranio- and maxillofacial complex.

Topics: Alveolar Process; Alveoloplasty; Atrophy; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Ear, External; Esthetics; Esthetics, Dental; Facial Bones; Fractures, Comminuted; Humans; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Nose; Osseointegration; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Skull Fractures; Tooth Loss; Wounds, Gunshot

The contribution of maxillary retrusion to the formation of the nasolabial fold is evaluated in the present study. Clinical observation of patients from the craniofacial unit with concomitant maxillary retrusion revealed prominent signs of midfacial aging: specifically these individuals displayed a prominent nasolabial fold at an early age. This observation led to the hypothesis that relative maxillary retrusion occurs as a normal feature of the aging process. Retrusion of the lower facial skeleton below the soft tissue of the nasolabial fold causes the nasolabial fold to appear more prominent. To test this hypothesis, computed tomographic data were assembled retrospectively and included both males and females, young and old. The age range of the males (n = 14) was 18 to 24 years (young) and 43 to 57 years (old); the age range of the females (n = 14) was 15 to 30 years (young) and 43 to 57 years (old). All individuals had complete upper dentition and had no bony facial injury. Computed tomographic data were reconstructed into three-dimensional images, and a technique was developed to create a standardized lateral view which eliminated rotational variance. Analysis of anterior-posterior changes showed that there is a tendency for the lower maxillary skeleton at pyriform to become retrusive with age relative to the upper face in individuals with complete dentition. Findings were very significant for both males and females (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). In both groups, a slight increase in vertical maxillary dimension was noted, consistent with previous studies. It is suggested that relative maxillary retrusion is a factor in the development of the nasolabial fold. The skeletal features of normal midfacial aging can be combined with the soft-tissue features such as ptosis and atrophy into an integrated model of midfacial aging. A model such as this has significance regarding both the timing and choice of procedure used to restore the aging midface.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aging; Atrophy; Cephalometry; Computer Simulation; Face; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lip; Male; Maxilla; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Nose; Retrospective Studies; Rotation; Sella Turcica; Skin Aging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertical Dimension

Many patients of rhytidectomy age have had previous rhinoplasty or nasal injury and have dorsal irregularities or saddle-nose deformities. SMAS tissue ordinarily discarded at rhytidectomy may be used for nasal dorsal augmentation and padding. Six patients undergoing rhytidectomy who also had prior nasal surgery or deformity were selected. Two of the patients had saddle deformities, and four had palpable and visible bony or cartilaginous irregularities. In all patients, substantial improvement was noted. In the saddle deformities, significant long-term results were achieved, with graft longevity as great as 24 months. The technique should be considered in rhytidectomy patients with concomitant nasal dorsal deformities.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Atrophy; Esthetics; Fascia; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Survival; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Nose Diseases; Rhinoplasty; Rhytidoplasty; Telangiectasis; Transplantation, Autologous

Hydrazine (N2H4) is used as a fuel for missiles and standby power systems of operational military aircraft. Maintenance of missiles and aircraft may result in accidental human exposure to high concentrations for brief periods of time. The purposes of this study were to assess the oncogenic potential of N2H4 in rats and male hamsters exposed to a high concentration of N2H4 for repeated short exposures and to investigate the relationships of acute and subchronic effects of N2H4 to nasal tumorigenesis. In phase 1 (acute and subchronic) and Phase 2 (lifetime experiments, groups of male and female Fischer 344 rats and male Syrian golden hamsters were exposed by inhalation to 0, 75 (Phase 2 only), or 750 ppm N2H4 for 1 (acute) or 10 (subchronic) 1-hr weekly exposures. Rodents were euthanized 24 hr after exposures 1 and 10 and 24 to 30 months poststudy initiation. Significant reductions in body weight were observed in N2H4-treated rodents compared to controls during the exposure interval. No hydrazine-induced mortality was detected. Histopathologic examination after the acute and subchronic exposures revealed degeneration and necrosis of transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia in the anterior nose and, in rats exposed subchronically, squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Minimal to mild rhinitis resulted from N2H4 exposures. Apoptosis was observed in olfactory and squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium. Lesions occurred at sites reportedly having high air-flow and generally appeared to be more severe in the anterior portion of the nose. By 24 months, the squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium reverted back to normal-appearing transitional epithelium. By 24+ months, low incidences (sexes combined) of hyperplasia (5/194, 2.6%) and neoplasia (11/194, 5.7%) were detected, principally in the transitional epithelium of the 750 ppm N2H4-treated rats. A similar incidence of hyperplasia (2/94, 2%) and neoplasia (5/94, 5.3%) was detected in the high-exposure group of hamsters. The location and type of N2H4-induced proliferative lesions were similar to those reported in a chronic N2H4-exposure study (5.0 ppm x 6 hr/day x 5 days/week for 1 year) conducted in our laboratory, but the chronic study had much higher incidences (rats, sexes combined: hyperplasia 15.5% vs 2.6% and polypoid adenoma 44.6% vs 5.2%). The product (CD) of concentration + time was the same (750 ppm hours) for the high-dose groups for both studies, but the duration of

Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Atrophy; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Cricetinae; Epithelium; Female; Hydrazines; Hyperplasia; Male; Mesocricetus; Metaplasia; Nasal Mucosa; Necrosis; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344

A challenge-exposure model was developed for dose-dependent induction of subclinical (moderate) atrophic rhinitis (AR) in conventionally raised Dutch Landrace and Large White pigs, about 4 weeks old. Under favorable climatic and housing conditions, pigs were intranasally challenge-exposed with Pasteurella multocida-derived toxin (Pm-T) 3 days after pretreatment by inoculation with 1% acetic acid. Pigs were challenge-exposed with 1 of the following Pm-T doses: 0 (control), 5, 13, 20, or 40 micrograms of Pm-T/ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS), 0.5 ml/nostril/d on 3 consecutive days. Five weeks after challenge exposure, subclinical (moderate) AR status was defined as intermediate conchal atrophy (grade 2 for ventral conchae on a 0 to 4 scale and grade 1 or 2 for dorsal conchae on a 0 to 3 scale, respectively) and perceptible difference in change in brachygnathia superior (cBS) between control and challenge-exposed pigs between the beginning and end of the study. All Pm-T-exposed pigs had nasal damage that was dose-dependent. The higher Pm-T doses resulted in higher ventral conchae atrophy and dorsal conchae atrophy scores. The cBS increased with applied Pm-T dose, resulting in significant (P < 0.05) differences between controls (3.88 mm) and the 13-, 20-, and 40-micrograms Pm-T-treated groups (7.77, 6.58, and 7.98 mm, respectively). In response to the applied dose, weight gain per week for Pm-T-exposed pigs was lower than that of controls after week 3 (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Atrophy; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Nose; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Neurotrophic ulceration of the face is a rare but well recognized sequel to division of the trigeminal nerve. Trauma is an important contributory factor and thought to be due in part to paraesthesiae, which encourages picking and scratching, with resultant chronic and persistent ulceration. A case is described of an 82-year-old woman with severe trigeminal neurotrophic ulceration which improved substantially with pimozide, given for treatment of unrelated paranoid symptoms. The possible relevance of this to the established use of pimozide in delusional parasitosis is briefly discussed.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrophy; Cognition Disorders; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Nose; Pimozide; Skin Ulcer; Trigeminal Nerve

A technique of skin excision revision rhinoplasty is described for application in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. This group of patients includes those with soft-tissue polly beak deformities and a variety of other difficult post-rhinoplasty deformities. Horizontal nasal dorsal skin excision affects tip elevation and eliminates supratip fullness, while vertical midline nasal dorsal skin excision enhances tip definition, decreases dorsal height, and eliminates supratip fullness. We describe several patients who underwent either horizontal or vertical nasal dorsal skin excision for a variety of cosmetic deformities following conventional closed and open rhinoplasty. The techniques presented herein are meant to be added to the list of techniques available to the revision rhinoplasty surgeon rather than to replace existing techniques.

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Dermabrasion; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Reoperation; Rhinoplasty

A case of relapsing polychondritis with atrophic lesions in nose and ears and conjunctivitis is presented. The patient was treated with dapsone during 18 months with remission of the acute breaks.

Topics: Atrophy; Basal Ganglia; Calcinosis; Cartilage Diseases; Conjunctiva; Dapsone; Ear, External; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nose; Recurrence

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Atrophy; Ganglionic Blockers; Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Placental Extracts; Rhinitis; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atrophy; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats; Germ-Free Life; Leukemia; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Microscopy, Electron; Nose; Retroviridae; Thymus Gland

Topics: Atrophy; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Male; Methods; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Respiratory Insufficiency; Rhinoplasty

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Atrophy; Biopsy; Edema; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mast Cells; Metaplasia; Mucins; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Cerebral Ventriculography; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Child; Coloring Agents; Female; Fistula; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis; Postoperative Complications; Pressure; Radionuclide Imaging; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Skull; Sphenoid Sinus

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Nose; Pressure; Radiography; Rhinoscleroma

Topics: Atrophy; Congenital Abnormalities; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Maxillary Sinus; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Skin Diseases; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Nose; Polyvinyls; Prostheses and Implants; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Rhinoplasty

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Autopsy; Endoscopy; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Atrophy; Fistula; Humans; Medical Records; Nasal Bone; Nose; Osteoporosis; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Topics: Atrophy; Connective Tissue Diseases; Esthetics; Humans; Medical Records; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Nasal Septal Perforation; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Diseases; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Atrophy; Common Cold; Connective Tissue Diseases; Humans; Nose; Pantothenic Acid; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Skin Diseases

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Isoniazid; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Skin Diseases; Tuberculosis

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Atrophy; Humans; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Rhinoplasty; Skin Diseases

Topics: Atrophy; Bone and Bones; Humans; Leprosy; Maxilla; Nose

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Endoscopy; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Endoscopy; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Atrophy; Blood; Humans; Iron; Nose; Nose Diseases; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Skin Diseases; Ulcer

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Nose; Respiration; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Nose; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Vasomotor System

Topics: Atrophy; Humans; Hypertrophy; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Nose