phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Athletic-Injuries

The athletic training room is filled with a multitude of conditions encompassing many different specialties of medicine. When it comes to traumatic injuries in the training room, many of them are not musculoskeletal in nature. Ultrasound in the training room can help identify serious and subtle solid-organ injury and small pneumothoraces. The discussion of these conditions follows a simple outline that helps identify injury/conditions through a proper history and physical. Evidence-based treatment/management/return to play guidelines are discussed.

Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Athletic Injuries; Facial Injuries; Humans; Mouth; Neck Injuries; Nose; Physical Examination; Return to Sport; Thoracic Injuries

Nasal trauma is a common consequence of athletic competition. The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bone and are particularly at risk during sports participation. Acute management of trauma to the nose includes thorough evaluation of all injuries and may require immediate management for repair of facial lacerations, epistaxis control, or septal hematoma drainage. Nasal fractures can often be addressed with closed reduction techniques; however, in the setting of complex nasal trauma, an open approach may be indicated. Using appropriate treatment techniques, posttraumatic nasal sequelae can be minimized; most patients report satisfactory long-term nasal form and function.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Nasal Bone; Nasal Septum; Nose; Return to Sport; Skull Fractures

Nasal fractures represent approximately 60% of all maxillofacial injuries that occur in athletic activities; however, there are no current guidelines regarding immediate sideline management of these injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to (1) summarize the anatomy, etiology, and incidence of nasal fractures, and (2) evaluate the current body of literature regarding immediate on-field and subsequent outpatient management. It is imperative to establish that the athlete's airway is not compromised and there are no other severe concomitant injuries, such as a concussion, ocular injury, or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Immediate closed reduction should not be attempted unless there is airway compromise or the practitioner has experience in performing it. The majority of athletes with these injuries in isolation may return to play; however, in our practice, we recommend they wear a face mask for 6 weeks after their injury. Despite our recommendations, we know there is a paucity of clinical studies on immediate sideline and longer-term management. Future studies should focus on establishing therapeutic algorithms that will allow physicians to make treatment recommendations to patients with strong evidence to support their decision.

Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Humans; Nose; Sports; Sports Medicine

Facial trauma commonly includes injury to the nose and perinasal area. In this review, we will focus on the sequelae of severe nasal trauma and provide examples of correction of the severely deviated nose, the severely collapsed nose, and revision of a traumatic deformity after prior rhinoplasty. We will then discuss coexistent deformities of perinasal regions in addition to functional and posttraumatic nasal correction, including posttraumatic periorbital deformities.

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Cartilage; Cicatrix; Ethmoid Bone; Eyelid Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Cartilage; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Nasal Bone; Nasal Cartilages; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Orbit; Orbital Fractures; Osteotomy; Reoperation; Rhinoplasty; Skull Fractures; Young Adult

Every day, thousands of athletes participate in sports that are conducive to injuries of the head and face structures. Health-care professionals, coaches, trainers, and the players themselves should be prepared to provide emergency care. More importantly these individuals along with sports administrators, should contribute to the prevention of sports injuries by providing, mandating, and motivating the use of devices that are designed to protect the athlete.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Facial Bones; First Aid; Humans; Incidence; Maxillofacial Injuries; Mouth Protectors; Nose; Temporomandibular Joint; Tooth Injuries; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Child; Ear; Ear Diseases; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Larynx; Nasal Bone; Neck Injuries; Nose; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Wounds, Penetrating

"Young adulthood" is a term used to define individuals falling within the 18- to 22-year-old age range. Injuries account for more than a third of emergency department visits in this population. A particular area of concern is accidents that lead to injuries of the facial bones because they can have long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impacts. As many as 30 million young adults participate in some sort of sport in the United States per year, and facial injuries from these activities are not uncommon and thus require further exploration.. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to conduct a retrospective review to explore patterns of maxillofacial fractures in young adult patients between the ages of 18 and 22 years from 2004 through 2017. The data analyzed yielded information about patient demographics, diagnoses, and associated products.. A total of 3486 emergency department visits were included in the study. The most common facial fractures were nasal fractures (64.4%), mandible fractures (12.3%), and orbital fractures (6.1%). The most common causes of fractures were sports (55.48%), fixed structures (6.39%), and stairs or steps (5.60%). The top 3 sports associated with facial fractures were basketball (25.4%), baseball (11.6%), and football (10.4%).. For young adult individuals, some sort of sporting activity is common outside of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The overwhelming majority of facial fractures in this population were caused by sports, and the authors believe this issue warrants further exploration and discussion. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 8.6 million sports- and recreation-related injuries occurred per year between 2011 and 2014. Despite ever growing research and guidelines into sports injury incidence and prevention, it is clear that sports are the cause of a large portion of maxillofacial fractures in the United States.

Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Emergency Service, Hospital; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Retrospective Studies; Skull Fractures; United States; Young Adult; Zygomatic Fractures

Orofacial injuries are common in sports activities and may vary in complexity and the tissues involved. Most sports-related trauma occurs when a player hits another player, an object or the ground. This report presents a case of an injury caused by a punchlike blow to the face during a handball college team practice session. The patient suffered a traumatic blow to the left side of the nose and mouth and promptly attended a dentist. After a clinical examination and a CBCT scan, the following injuries were diagnosed: upper lip laceration, upper left lateral incisor subluxation and anterior nasal spine fracture. More severe teeth injuries were likely prevented because the patient was wearing a mouthguard.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Male; Mouth; Mouth Protectors; Nose; Skull Fractures; Tooth Injuries; Young Adult

To evaluate sports-related ENT injuries regarding demographical trends of patients, location and mechanism of injuries, treatments required, and ability to return to sports activities, an observational study of patients was conducted. Each of the 120 participants in the study was evaluated in a private practice clinic. Males were injured more frequently, and the most common ages affected were 12 to 15-year-olds. Most injuries were the result of collision with other players or from impact of game balls, and most injuries occurred during sporting competitions. The most commonly injured structure was the nose. Most patients were managed medically and able to return to sporting activities quickly. While the most frequent mechanisms for sports injuries are not always preventable, health care providers should be aware of these trends described regarding types of sports commonly producing injuries and the predominant sites of injury to provide optimal care for athletic participants.

Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Athletic Injuries; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillofacial Injuries; Middle Aged; Nose; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors

Nasal injuries are among the most common sports injuries. We conducted a prospective, observational study of 91 patients, aged 7 to 60 years (mean: 18.3), who had sustained a nasal injury while engaging in a sport, exercise, or other recreational physical activity. We found that a substantial proportion of these injuries occurred in females (29.7% of cases). A high percentage of injuries (86.8%) occurred in those who had been participating in a noncontact sport; the sport most often implicated was basketball (26.4%). Also, injuries were more common during organized competition as opposed to recreational play (59.3 vs. 40.7%). Of the 91 nasal injuries, 59 (64.8%) were fractures, most of which were treated with a closed reduction. Almost all of the patients in this study (92.3%) were able to return to their sport. We conclude that most sports-related nasal fractures are not preventable.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Bone; Nose; Prospective Studies; Skull Fractures; Young Adult

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; Lacerations; Middle Aged; Nose

Knowledge of the factors influencing traumatic injuries of the anterior teeth is useful to prevent their occurrence. The aim of this case control study is to test the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and dental traumatism in adolescents.. Cases are 32 adolescent consulting for dental traumatism at the University Dental Clinic Dakar (Senegal). Control subjects (49) are derived from the same population but were free from any dental traumatism. Logistic regression analyses are performed to identify factors that best predict the occurrence of incisor traumatism.. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identifies the angle between upper incisor axis to palatal plane (OR = 1.10; 95% CI; 1.01-1.19) and variables related to lip position as best predictors of incisors traumatism. Insufficient lip coverage in rest position increases eight times the odds of having incisors injury.. Early orthodontic management of the identified factors may help preventing the occurrence of traumatic incisor injuries.

Topics: Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Case-Control Studies; Cephalometry; Child; Educational Status; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Incisor; Lip; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Nose; Occupations; Palate; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Sella Turcica; Senegal

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Ear; Ear Deformities, Acquired; Ear, External; Humans; Nasal Bone; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Referral and Consultation; Rhinoplasty

Fractured nose is a common acute ENT diagnosis, most often sustained in adults as a result of violent trauma. Patients will commonly present within 24 h of injury, and attend the out-patient clinic 7 days later for assessment. An unusual pattern of referrals began to emerge during 2006.. Referral patterns covering the period 2003-2006 were analysed for two London ENT centres.. The data show a statistically-unusual peak of referral for fractured nose intensity coinciding with the FIFA World Cup 2006.. If a causal link is to be suggested between the sociological aspects of major international sporting contests and violent injury, it will be interesting to repeat the analysis in subsequent years, to gain an insight into whether 2006 was an isolated example, or part of a wider trend.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Fractures, Cartilage; Humans; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Referral and Consultation; Soccer

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Basketball; Catheterization; Endoscopy; Humans; Male; Nose; Orbital Fractures; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Masks; Nose; Protective Devices; Rhinoplasty

Although a popular endeavor, boxing has fallen under increased scrutiny because of its association with traumatic brain injury. However, few studies have investigated the overall epidemiology of boxing injuries from representative samples, and no study has ever documented the incidence of injuries in female boxers. This study is a review of professional boxing data from the state of Nevada from September 2001 through March 2003.. Medical and outcome data for all professional boxing matches occurring in Nevada between September 2001 and March 2003 (n = 524 matches) were analyzed on the basis of a pair-matched, case-control design. Cases were boxers who received an injury during the boxing matches. Boxers who were not injured served as control subjects. Both conditional and unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for injury.. The overall incidence rate of injury was 17.1 per 100 boxer-matches, or 3.4 per 100 boxer-rounds. Facial laceration accounted for 51% of all injuries, followed by hand injury (17%), eye injury (14%), and nose injury (5%). Male boxers were significantly more likely than female boxers to receive injuries (3.6 versus 1.2 per 100 boxer-rounds, P = 0.01). Male boxing matches also ended in knockouts and technical knockouts more often than did female matches (P < 0.001). The risk of injury for those who lost the matches was nearly twice the risk for the winners. Those who lost by knockout had double the risk of injury compared with those who lost by other means. Neither age nor weight was significantly associated with the risk of injury.. The injury rate in professional boxing matches is high, particularly among male boxers. Superficial facial lacerations are the most common injury reported. Male boxers have a higher rate of knockout and technical knockouts than female boxers. Further research is necessary to determine the outcomes of injury, particularly the long-term neurologic outcome differences between sexes.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Athletic Injuries; Boxing; Case-Control Studies; Eye Injuries; Facial Injuries; Female; Hand Injuries; Humans; Incidence; Logistic Models; Male; Nevada; Nose; Risk Factors; Sex Factors

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Epistaxis; Female; Humans; Nose; Platelet Count; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Recurrence

One hundred forty-four orbital fractures treated between 1982 and 1987 were examined with special attention to the specific anatomic architecture and biomechanical aspects of the craniofacial skeleton. The following parameters were examined: lesion mechanism, the bony lesion observed at surgery, clinical signs of fracture and morphological, functional and esthetic sequellae. All operated patients had undergone an ophthalmological examination prior to surgery, with special attention on binocular vision and ocular motility. Fractures were classified into pathological groups according to the parameters studied. For each group, clinical signs and accompanying sequellae were described. Seven clinical and pathological groups of orbital fractures were described, each with its specific mechanism of trauma, bony lesions, clinical signs, sequellae and appropriate treatment.

Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Athletic Injuries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Child; Child, Preschool; Esthetics; Eye Movements; Female; Frontal Bone; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Male; Maxillary Fractures; Middle Aged; Nose; Orbit; Orbital Fractures; Skull Fractures; Violence; Vision, Binocular; Zygomatic Fractures

We report a case of pneumocephalus following a water jet injury to the nose incurred during a water-skiing fall. Pneumocephalus due to this type of injury has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. Since this unusual injury may be associated with serious complications, it must be promptly recognized and treated.

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Male; Nose; Pneumocephalus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Water

Fifty consecutive nasal injuries in children are described. The most important causative factors were domestic injuries (40%) and sport trauma (34%). Over 90% initially presented to departments other than ear, nose, and throat. Twenty cases required examination under general anesthesia. The severity of these injuries may be underestimated unless intranasal examination is performed.

Topics: Accidents, Home; Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Hematoma; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Diseases

Although diving is one of the safer sports, because of the inherent complexity of many maneuvers, injuries can occur. Most of the injuries that a diver sustains are minor, but major and even fatal injuries have occurred. Training under a well qualified and experienced coach is important. Support from parents in terms of encouragement and finance is needed to ensure that the diver receives the best and safest training available. With appropriate facilities and preparation, many of the serious injuries can be prevented.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Craniocerebral Trauma; Diving; Ear; Equipment Design; Extremities; Eye Injuries; Humans; Nose; Panic; Physical Education and Training; Physical Fitness; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tooth Injuries

This article covers the commonly occurring injuries and conditions in water polo athletes with suggested treatments by the team physician. It addresses the uniqueness of the throwing/swimming combination inherent in this sport with the resultant difference in the treatment of water polo athletes compared to swimmers only, particularly the differences in knee injuries and conditions between the two types of athletes.

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Elbow Injuries; Exercise Therapy; Eye Injuries; Finger Injuries; Humans; Knee Injuries; Ligaments, Articular; Muscles; Nose; Otitis Externa; Shoulder Injuries; Swimming; Thigh; Tympanic Membrane

To determine the frequency with which fractures are encountered in emergency care and to estimate the incidence of fractures in a well-defined population, a population-based sample of emergency department (ED) visits was examined. Eleven percent of ED visits for trauma involved fractures. The incidence of fractures was 21 per 1,000 persons per year and had two peaks, the first at ages 10 to 14 and the second at ages greater than 60. Among young people, falls (often related to sports or recreation), striking objects, motor vehicle injuries, and assaults were the major causes of fractures. Among the elderly, falls caused 87% of all fractures.

Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Athletic Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Finger Injuries; Fractures, Bone; Hip Fractures; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nose; Ohio; Toes

Although diagnosis and treatment of acute nasal fractures are usually relatively simple, they often go undiagnosed and untreated because of frequent dependence on the reports of facial-bone X-rays taken through the emergency room. A routine method of managing displaced nasal fractures has given excellent results with almost no complications. This techiniqe, along with our approach to the managemnet of healed nasal fracture deformities, is presented. Salient statistical information regarding etiology, associated injuries, and complications included.

Topics: Accidents, Home; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Child; Humans; Methods; Nasal Bone; Nose; Skull

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Bandages; Boxing; Facial Bones; Fractures, Bone; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Joint Dislocations; Nose

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillary Fractures; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; Protective Devices; Zygomatic Fractures

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Athletic Injuries; Black or African American; Black People; Crime; Facial Injuries; Female; Fracture Fixation; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Maxillofacial Injuries; Nose; South Africa; White People

Topics: Athletic Injuries; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Male; Nasal Cartilages; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Septum; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Nose Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skin Transplantation