phenylephrine-hydrochloride and Alopecia

Alopecia present from birth includes a broad differential diagnosis and often represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the involved physician.. An initial correct diagnosis and classification is essential because structural hair defects may be the expression of a genetic disorder affecting hair growth, part of a congenital syndrome with accompanying hair malformations, or a marker for an underlying metabolic disorder and may impact the mental and physical development of a child. Pathological hair loss rarely occurs in the first year of life; however, it may be a leading symptom of many congenital diseases.. In recent years, the clinical and microscopic features of hereditary hair shaft disorders have been characterized and classified. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in our knowledge of genes that control the normal development and differentiation of hair follicles, and thus the research is to define and classify the hair disorders within a genetic basis.. In this article we discuss several types of genotrichosis and provide a practical classification based on their clinical features.

Topics: Alopecia; Aneurysm; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Deafness; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Eczema; Facies; Fingers; Growth Disorders; Hair Diseases; Hallermann's Syndrome; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Ichthyosis; Intellectual Disability; Keratitis; Langer-Giedion Syndrome; Microcephaly; Nose; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Skin Neoplasms

This article classifies quantitatively into 4 shapes men's back part of the head viewed from the side that are demonstrated in some of the figures in this article. Because of self-evident reasons, the shapes were blurred. The survey is based on the analysis of 2220 shapes obtained by photographing mainly bald men and by finding pictures in the Internet. To the best of the author's knowledge, this quantitative approach has never been implemented before. The results obtained are as follows: the percentage of 376 "flat heads" is 17%; the percentage of 755 "little round heads," 34%; the percentage of 1017 "round heads," 45.8%; and the percentage of 72 "very round heads," 3.2%. This quantitative survey is an additional step in analyzing quantitatively the shape of the parts of the face wherein, in articles that were previously published or that will be published in this magazine, shapes of the nose, ear conch, and human eye were analyzed quantitatively. In addition, the shapes of the leg toes were also analyzed. Finally, it should be noted that, because of obvious reasons, the survey is based on men's head, most of which are with baldness.

Topics: Alopecia; Cephalometry; Ear, External; Eye; Face; Head; Humans; Male; Nose; Skull

To remind special attention to atypical symptoms of Hansen's disease, we report a case of an atypical case due to a delayed diagnosis.. Clinical features of leprosy are well known, cutaneous lesions and involvement of the peripheral nerves being the cardinal clinical signs. Among these presentations, systemic involvement, including mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, is rarely reported even if it is still commonly seen in endemic areas, in particular lepromatous leprosy.. We describe here a new case of Hansen's disease in a 51-year-old Tunisian woman with an atypical presentation and a delayed diagnosis. The early symptoms of the disease were different from the main clinical signs of Hansen's disease since they involved the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. A nasal smear was positive for acid-fast bacilli, thus confirming the diagnosis of bacilliferous leprosy. Histological findings suggested the diagnosis of leprosy and were somewhat more characteristic of the borderline lepromatous type.. Diagnosis of Hansen's disease in patients with neither apparent skin lesions nor neurological signs is still problematic. Clinicians should not only pay attention to the more obvious signs in their own fields of expertise but should be aware of the possible systemic involvement of leprosy.

Topics: Alopecia; Delayed Diagnosis; Ectropion; Female; Hoarseness; Humans; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium leprae; Nasal Obstruction; Nose

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type I is characterized by slowly progressing systemic osseous dysplasia, exhibiting craniofacial and other skeletal deformities. However, there have been few reports describing this syndrome after undergoing orthognathic surgery. In this report, we present a patient with TRPS I who successfully underwent orthognathic surgery. In addition, we examined the skeletal stability of the patient for 2 years after the surgery.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Alopecia; Cephalometry; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Finger Phalanges; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Jaw Abnormalities; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Neoplasm Proteins; Nose; Oral Surgical Procedures; Osteochondrodysplasias; Osteotomy, Le Fort; Repressor Proteins; Syndrome; Transcription Factors

A 17-year-old previously unreported patient with Pai syndrome is described. The boy had median cleft of upper lip, a polypoid skin mass over the columella, a minimal cleft of the upper central incisors, frontal alopecia of the anterior hairline, and bifid nose. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pericallosal lipoma. No mental retardation was present, and a chromosomal study showed normal male 46, XY karyotype.

Topics: Adolescent; Alopecia; Brain Neoplasms; Cleft Lip; Corpus Callosum; Humans; Lipoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nasal Polyps; Nose; Syndrome

Multiple pterygium syndromes include at least 15 different entities characterized by multiple pterygia or webs of the skin and multiple congenital anomalies. We describe a female infant who presented with a distinct constellation of multiple anomalies consisting of pterygia of the inguinal, intercrural and popliteal areas, flexion contractures and arthrogryposis of some joints, craniofacial anomalies including ectropion, medial canthal web, blepharophimosis, hypoplasia of nose, oral and nasopharyngeal cavities, vocal cords and tongue, micrognathia, orolabial synechiae secondary to pterygia, low set ears, alopecia, sad and expressionless face, short neck, asymmetric nipples, anal stenosis, rectal polyp, hypoplastic labia majora, complete syndactyly of all fingers and toes, pes equinovarus, bandlike web between feet, and absence of the nails and phalangeal-palmar creases. Radiological examination showed synostosis, absence or hypoplasia of metacarpal, metatarsal and phalangeal bones on feet and hands, and hypoplasia of pelvic bones and scapulae. This pattern of anomalies does not fit entirely any of the known multiple pterygium syndromes. Autosomal recessive inheritance is most likely due to the presence of three similarly affected siblings and normal parents.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Alopecia; Bone and Bones; Facies; Family Health; Female; Fetal Death; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Genes, Recessive; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mouth; Nose; Pharynx; Syndactyly; Syndrome; Tongue; Vocal Cords

A 32-year-old short statured woman with alopecia, typical facies, shortened angulated fingers and toes with Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I (TRPS I) is reported. The absence of exostosis and mental retardation rule out TRPS II. The absence of generalized shortness of all phalanges, metacarpals and metatarsals distinguish it from TRPS III. Possibly the various types of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome are genetically identical but have a varied clinical spectrum.

Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Female; Finger Joint; Fingers; Humans; Nose; Radiography; Syndrome; Toe Joint; Toes

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) comprises a distinctive combination of hair, facial and bony abnormalities with variable expression. A 20-year-old man with TRPS was seen because of marked androgenetic alopecia. Scanning electron-microscopic studies of the hair revealed flattened hair with an elliptoid transverse section pattern. Mechanical behavior of the hair was abnormal with a significant increase in the viscous parameter, indicating a decreased intermolecular bridging within the keratin matrix. The dermatologist confronted with premature or marked alopecia in young adults should always consider the possibility of an underlying congenital syndrome involving the hair and prompt further investigation.

Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Elasticity; Finger Joint; Fingers; Hair; Humans; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nose; Syndrome; Viscosity

A Jewish family is reported in which the proband and her father had congenital hearing loss and unusual facies consisting of facial asymmetry, temporal alopecia with frontal bossing, a broad nasal root and small nasal alae. In addition, both were born with a short frenulum of the tongue. We believe these findings represent a new autosomal dominant deafness syndrome with distinct craniofacial features.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Alopecia; Child, Preschool; Facial Asymmetry; Female; Genes, Dominant; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Male; Nose; Syndrome; Tongue

A solitary case of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I is described. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed alterations of the cuticular pattern and hair shaft structure. These alterations have not been previously described and differ from those seen in other syndromes belonging to the group of the ectodermal dysplasias e.g. the Trichoonytic Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and X-linked Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Female; Fingers; Hair; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Nose; Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Alopecia; Epiphyses; Fingers; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Male; Nose; Pedigree; Syndrome

Three cases of the Tricho-rhyno-phalangeal syndrome (TRF) are described. Two cases were in the same family with some affected membres (Camacho et al., 1978). The third case, of sporadic presentation, showed radiological signs of Perthes' disease. All cases presented the main clinic and radiologic alterations of the TRF syndrome: hypotrichia, pear-shaped nose and cone shaped epiphyses. Some of them presented other characteristic features such as: darwism, prominent nose, elonged philtrum, thin upper lip, baldness of the external 1/2 eyebrows, prominent ears of low implantation, shortening of some fingers (of metacarpals and metatarsal), onicodystrophy, etc. The differential diagnosis must be stablished with: a) congenital processes which present facial abnormalities, specially of the nose, b) congenital atrichias o hypotrichias associated to osteoarticular troubles of the growth and c) congenital syndromes with epiphyses in cone (peripheric dysostosis). Finally, we find, by scanning electron microscope studies, an increase of the cuticular cells in detachment, an inespecific sign that denotes a special lability of these patients' hair to the action of the outside agents on it.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Epiphyses; Female; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Male; Nose; Pedigree; Syndrome

Topics: Alopecia; Child; Femur Head Necrosis; Fingers; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Male; Nose; Osteochondritis; Spondylolisthesis; Syndrome

In a family 4 cases of the tricho-rhino-phalangeal sydrome are observed. The sparse hair and early baldness, the pearshaped nose, and the peripheral dysostosis are typical in the appearance of these patients. Congenital heart leasions and kidney disease, as in one of out patients, might be associated with the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Alopecia; Child; Child, Preschool; Fingers; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Male; Nose; Pedigree; Syndrome

Topics: Alopecia; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Breast; Child; Cleft Lip; Dermatoglyphics; Ear; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Growth Disorders; Humans; Lip; Male; Nails, Malformed; Nose; Skin Abnormalities; Sweating; Syndrome; Tooth Abnormalities

Topics: Alopecia; Child; Congenital Abnormalities; Fingers; Genetics, Medical; Hand Deformities; Humans; Infant; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Ophthalmology; Syndrome; Tooth