phenylalanine and Carcinoma, Epidermoid

phenylalanine has been researched along with Carcinoma, Epidermoid in 33 studies

Research

Studies (33)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	3 (9.09)	18.7374
1990's	7 (21.21)	18.2507
2000's	14 (42.42)	29.6817
2010's	8 (24.24)	24.3611
2020's	1 (3.03)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Chen, YW; Chou, FI; Lee, YJ; Lin, YC; Wang, SY	1
Arai, Y; Hatazawa, J; Hiroi, K; Honda, N; Igaki, H; Itami, J; Kurihara, H; Morita, T	1
Iwagami, T; Iwai, S; Kato, I; Masunaga, S; Nakazawa, M; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Yamatomo, N; Yura, Y	1
Atula, T; Haapaniemi, A; Joensuu, H; Kankaanranta, L; Koivunoro, H; Mäkitie, A; Saarilahti, K; Saat, R	1
Collette, L; Moss, R; Sauerwein, WA; Wittig, A	1
Appelman, K; Bührmann, S; Collette, L; Jäckel, MC; Jöckel, KH; Moss, R; Ortmann, U; Sauerwein, WAG; Schmid, KW; Wittig, A	1
Basilico, F; Bendel, P; Mauri, PL; Sauerwein, W; Wittig, A	1
Chang, PY; Hsia, KT; Huang, SH; Lin, MW; Liu, CJ	1
Fujita, Y; Iwai, S; Kato, I; Ohnishi, K; Ohnishi, T; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Yamamoto, N; Yura, Y	1
Atula, T; Auterinen, I; Collan, J; Joensuu, H; Kankaanranta, L; Koivunoro, H; Kortesniemi, M; Kotiluoto, P; Kouri, M; Mäkitie, A; Minn, H; Revitzer, H; Saarilahti, K; Salli, E; Savolainen, S; Seppälä, T; Seppänen, M; Seren, T; Uusi-Simola, J; Välimäki, P	1
Chou, FI; Chung, HP; Lin, YC; Liu, HM; Wang, SJ	1
Kinashi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masunaga, S; Ohnishi, K; Ohnishi, T; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Takagaki, M; Takahashi, A	1
Cheng, HY; Cook, RG; Shao, H; Tweardy, DJ	1
Kato, I; Masunaga, S; Nagata, K; Obayashi, S; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Yura, Y	1
Batistoni, D; Cantarelli, Mde L; Heber, EM; Itoiz, ME; Nigg, DW; Rao, M; Rebagliati, RJ; Schwint, AE; Trivillin, VA	1
Kamida, A; Kato, I; Nagata, K; Obayashi, S; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Yura, Y	1
Blaumann, H; Calzetta, O; Cantarelli, MA; Heber, EM; Itoiz, ME; Longhino, J; Nigg, DW; Rao, M; Schwint, AE; Trivillin, VA	1
Fujita, Y; Iwai, S; Kamida, A; Kato, I; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Yura, Y	1
Abe, M; Akaboshi, M; Akuta, K; Kinashi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masunaga, S; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Takagaki, M	1
Burgaud, JL; Fehrentz, JA; Martinez, J; Nahon, JL; Poosti, R	1
Akaboshi, M; Kinashi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masunaga, S; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Takagaki, M	3
Akaboshi, M; Kinashi, Y; Masunaga, S; Ono, K; Suzuki, M; Takagaki, M	1
Atarshi, Y; Balkir, L; Gastman, BR; Rabinowich, H; Reichert, TE; Saito, T; Whiteside, TL	1
Hamstra, DA; Maybaum, J; Pagé, M; Rehemtulla, A	1
Hori, H; Kinashi, Y; Kirihata, M; Kobayashi, T; Masunaga, SI; Nagasawa, H; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Takagaki, M; Uto, Y	1
Kinashi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masunaga, S; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Suzuki, M; Takagaki, M	1
Ala-Aho, R; Baker, AH; Johansson, N; Kähäri, VM	1
Chatterjee, M; De Angelis, T; Mulholland, J; Noè, A	1
Levij, IS; Rubin, D	1
Weber, J	1
Anke, A; Heilmann, HH; Knapp, A; Machill, G; Schwenke, W	1

Trials

4 trial(s) available for phenylalanine and Carcinoma, Epidermoid

Article	Year
Dynamic changes in Radiation oncology (London, England), 2018, Jan-11, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Boranes; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Phenylalanine; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Young Adult	2018
Early clinical trial concept for boron neutron capture therapy: a critical assessment of the EORTC trial 11001. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 2009, Volume: 67, Issue:7-8 Suppl Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Prospective Studies; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution	2009
EORTC trial 11001: distribution of two 10B-compounds in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, a translational research/phase 1 trial. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:8B Topics: Adult; Aged; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tissue Distribution	2009
Boron neutron capture therapy in the treatment of locally recurred head-and-neck cancer: final analysis of a phase I/II trial. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2012, Jan-01, Volume: 82, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Confidence Intervals; Disease-Free Survival; Fatigue; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mucositis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteoradionecrosis; Pain; Phenylalanine; Prospective Studies; Radiotherapy Dosage; Sarcoma; Xerostomia	2012

Other Studies

29 other study(ies) available for phenylalanine and Carcinoma, Epidermoid

Article	Year
Evaluation of the Key Advantages between Two Modalities of Boronophenylalanine Administration for Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Using an Animal Model. Cells, 2022, 09-01, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Animals; Boron; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Phenylalanine	2022
Sonoporation as an enhancing method for boron neutron capture therapy for squamous cell carcinomas. Radiation oncology (London, England), 2013, Dec-02, Volume: 8 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Female; Humans; Isotopes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Microbubbles; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Radiotherapy; Ultrasonics	2013
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the Treatment of Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2016, May-01, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Compassionate Use Trials; Disease Progression; Female; Glottis; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Organ Sparing Treatments; Phenylalanine; Radiotherapy Dosage; Re-Irradiation; Time Factors; Tumor Burden	2016
Metabolism of borono-phenylalanine-fructose complex (BPA-fr) and borocaptate sodium (BSH) in cancer patients--results from EORTC trial 11001. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2010, Jan-05, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fructose; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenylalanine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Time Factors	2010
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene coding region polymorphisms and oral cancer risk. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 2010, Volume: 39, Issue:8 Topics: Age Factors; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Codon; Cytosine; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; Leucine; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; Phenylalanine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Precancerous Conditions; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Survival Rate; Taiwan; Thymine	2010
Induction of multinucleation in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue with mutated p53 surviving boron neutron capture therapy. International journal of radiation biology, 2011, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Genes, p53; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mitosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutation; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phenotype; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents	2011
Low dose of gamma irradiation enhanced boronophenylalanine uptake in head and neck carcinoma cells for boron neutron capture therapy. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 2011, Volume: 69, Issue:12 Topics: Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; G2 Phase; Gamma Rays; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Phenylalanine	2011
Impact of the p53 status of the tumor cells on the effect of reactor neutron beam irradiation, with emphasis on the response of intratumor quiescent cells. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann, 2002, Volume: 93, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Survival; Female; Genes, p53; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Phenylalanine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2002
Identification and characterization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 recruitment sites within the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer research, 2003, Jul-15, Volume: 63, Issue:14 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Neoplasm; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Kinetics; Mice; Mutation; Peptide Mapping; Phenylalanine; Phosphopeptides; Protein Binding; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Trans-Activators; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tyrosine	2003
Delivery of (10)boron to oral squamous cell carcinoma using boronophenylalanine and borocaptate sodium for boron neutron capture therapy. Oral oncology, 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Female; Isotopes; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mouth Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Relative Biological Effectiveness; Sulfhydryl Compounds	2004
BNCT of 3 cases of spontaneous head and neck cancer in feline patients. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 2004, Volume: 61, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Tissue Distribution	2004
Effects of boron neutron capture therapy on human oral squamous cell carcinoma in a nude mouse model. International journal of radiation biology, 2006, Volume: 82, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Body Weight; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phenylalanine; Transplantation, Heterologous	2006
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for the treatment of spontaneous nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in felines. Radiation and environmental biophysics, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Boron; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Isotopes; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Neutrons; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Treatment Outcome	2008
Effect of neutron capture therapy on the cell cycle of human squamous cell carcinoma cells. International journal of radiation biology, 2008, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53	2008
Modification of the response of a quiescent cell population within a murine solid tumour to boron neutron capture irradiation: studies with nicotinamide and hyperthermia. The British journal of radiology, 1997, Volume: 70, Issue:832 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Hyperthermia, Induced; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Micronucleus Tests; Neoplasm Transplantation; Niacinamide; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Sulfhydryl Compounds	1997
Melanin-concentrating hormone binding sites in human SVK14 keratinocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1997, Dec-29, Volume: 241, Issue:3 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Membrane; Humans; Hypothalamic Hormones; Iodine Radioisotopes; Keratinocytes; Melanins; Melanoma; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuroglia; PC12 Cells; Phenylalanine; Pituitary Hormones; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tyrosine	1997
Responses of total and quiescent cell populations in solid tumors to boron and gadolinium neutron capture reaction using neutrons with two different energy spectra. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann, 1998, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cadmium Radioisotopes; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Contrast Media; Cytochalasin B; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Gadolinium; Gadolinium DTPA; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Isotopes; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Micronucleus Tests; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1998
Response of quiescent and total tumor cells in solid tumors to neutrons with various cadmium ratios. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1998, Jul-15, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cadmium Radioisotopes; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Energy Transfer; Female; Gamma Rays; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Micronucleus Tests; Phenylalanine; Relative Biological Effectiveness; Sulfhydryl Compounds	1998
The combined effect of boronophenylalanine and borocaptate in boron neutron capture therapy for SCCVII tumors in mice. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1999, Jan-15, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Drug Synergism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Micronucleus Tests; Neutron Capture Therapy; Phenylalanine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Stem Cell Assay	1999
Fas ligand is expressed on human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and it promotes apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Cancer research, 1999, Oct-15, Volume: 59, Issue:20 Topics: Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fas Ligand Protein; fas Receptor; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoblotting; Jurkat Cells; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Membrane Glycoproteins; Phenylalanine; RNA, Messenger; Thiophenes; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1999
Repair of potentially lethal damage by total and quiescent cells in solid tumors following a neutron capture reaction. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 1999, Volume: 125, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Cytochalasin B; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Gamma Rays; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Micronucleus Tests; Neoplasm Transplantation; Phenylalanine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Cells, Cultured	1999
Expression of endogenously activated secreted or cell surface carboxypeptidase A sensitizes tumor cells to methotrexate-alpha-peptide prodrugs. Cancer research, 2000, Feb-01, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carboxypeptidases; Carboxypeptidases A; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Methotrexate; Phenylalanine; Prodrugs; Time Factors; Trypsin; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2000
Evaluation of the potential of p-boronophenylalaninol as a boron carrier in boron neutron capture therapy, referring to the effect on intratumor quiescent cells. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Boranes; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytochalasin B; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Hindlimb; Hyperthermia, Induced; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Interphase; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Micronucleus Tests; Molecular Structure; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiometry; Tirapazamine; Triazines	2001
Evaluation of apoptosis and micronucleation induced by reactor neutron beams with two different cadmium ratios in total and quiescent cell populations within solid tumors. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Borohydrides; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cadmium; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytochalasin B; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Micronucleus Tests; Neoplasms; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiobiology; Radioisotopes; Relative Biological Effectiveness; Sarcoma, Experimental; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2001
Expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) enhances invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. International journal of cancer, 2002, Jan-20, Volume: 97, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoviridae; Basement Membrane; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Collagenases; DNA, Complementary; Drug Combinations; Fibrosarcoma; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Laminin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Models, Genetic; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phenylalanine; Proteoglycans; Thiophenes; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2002
Stromelysin-1 activation correlates with invasiveness in squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2002, Volume: 118, Issue:5 Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Movement; Collagen; Drug Combinations; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Keratinocytes; Laminin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phenylalanine; Protease Inhibitors; Proteoglycans; Skin Neoplasms; Thiophenes; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2002
Chemical carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch. Influence of inhibitors and inducers of alkaline phosphatase. Pathologia et microbiologia, 1975, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheek; Cricetinae; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phenylalanine; Phosphates	1975
Absence of adenovirus-specific repressor in adenovirus tumour cells. The Journal of general virology, 1974, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Autoradiography; Azaguanine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Fusion; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cricetinae; Dactinomycin; Deoxyuridine; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Mitomycins; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human; Phenylalanine; Puromycin; Thiouracil; Thymidine; Tritium; Virus Replication	1974
[On phenylketonuria with normal intelligence]. Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie, 1969, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diet Therapy; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Mental Disorders; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonurias; Phenylpyruvic Acids; Skin Neoplasms; Tyrosine	1969