phenylalanine and Cancer of Skin

phenylalanine has been researched along with Cancer of Skin in 40 studies

Research

Studies (40)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	19 (47.50)	18.7374
1990's	9 (22.50)	18.2507
2000's	7 (17.50)	29.6817
2010's	3 (7.50)	24.3611
2020's	2 (5.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Fukuda, H	1
Anderson, CD; Björklund, S; Engblom, J; Gustafsson, A; Jankovskaja, S; Lehoczki, B; Marko-Varga, G; Morin, M; Rezeli, M; Ruzgas, T	1
Chen, G; Du, Z; Li, B; Li, Y; Sun, T; Wei, Y; Wu, T; Xie, X; Zhou, Y	1
Brandizzi, D; Cabrini, R; Carpano, M; Dagrosa, MA; Juvenal, GJ; Nievas, S; Olivera, M; Perona, M; Pisarev, M; Rodriguez, C; Santa Cruz, GA	1
Casolaro, M; Cini, R; Del Bello, B; Ferrali, M; Maellaro, E	1
Blaumann, H; Calzetta Larrieu, OA; Casal, MR; Feld, DB; Fernández, C; González, SJ; Jiménez Rebagliati, R; Kessler, J; Liberman, SJ; Longhino, J; Menéndez, PR; Nievas, SI; Pereira, MD; Roth, BM; Santa Cruz, GA	1
Bitar, RA; Cartaxo, SB; Enokihara, MM; Ferreira, LM; Martin, AA; Martinho, Hda S; Oliveira, AF; Santos, ID	1
ACTON, EM; BERRIDGE, BJ; GOODMAN, L; GRAM, HF	1
BADEN, HP; PEARLMAN, C	1
Asano, T; Harada, T; Hiratsuka, J; Imajo, Y; Kondoh, H; Morita, N; Niki, Y; Ono, K; Sakurai, Y; Uno, M	1
Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y; Tsuji, M	1
Farishian, RA; Whittaker, JR	1
Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y; Nakanishi, T	1
Beekhuis, H; Oldhoff, J; Oosterhuis, JW; Schraffordt Koops, H; van der Ploeg, E; Vermey, A	1
Ahmad, SI; Craggs, J; Kirk, SH	1
Fukuda, H; Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y	1
Abe, Y; Fukuda, H; Hiratsuka, J; Honda, C; Ichihashi, M; Kanda, K; Karashima, H; Kobayashi, T; Takahashi, J; Yoshino, K	1
Falk-Marzillier, J; Giannelli, G; Quaranta, V; Schiraldi, O; Stetler-Stevenson, WG	1
McCann, PP; Rasmussen, HS	1
Abe, Y; Akaizawa, T; Fukuda, H; Hiratsuka, J; Honda, C; Ichihashi, M; Kobayashi, T; Mishima, Y; Takahashi, J; Wadabayashi, N; Yoshino, K	1
Busse, PM; Kiger, WS; Palmer, MR; Riley, KJ; Zamenhof, RG	1
Hansson, J; Omholt, K; Platz, A; Ringborg, U	1
Aamodt, H; Blumberg, P; Cataisson, C; Joseloff, E; Kraker, AJ; Ocheni, H; Yuspa, SH	1
Chatterjee, M; De Angelis, T; Mulholland, J; Noè, A	1
Allen, BJ; Corderoy-Buck, S; Crotty, K; Mallesch, JL; Moore, DE	1
Hatanaka, H; Komada, F; Mishima, Y; Okumura, K; Shiono, M	1
Hatta, S; Honda, C; Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y	1
Allen, BJ; Coates, AS; Ichihashi, M; Mameghan, H; McCarthy, WH; Mishima, Y	1
Davidson, JF; Stankler, L	1
Balda, BR; Birkmayer, GD	1
Edmund, J; Egeberg, J; Jensen, OA	2
Blois, MS	1
Neckers, DC	1
Exss, R; Weber, HP	1
Burdette, WJ	1
Clark, RL; McBride, CM	1
Janoff, A; Klassen, A; Troll, W	1
Anke, A; Heilmann, HH; Knapp, A; Machill, G; Schwenke, W	1
Demopoulos, HB	1

Reviews

4 review(s) available for phenylalanine and Cancer of Skin

Article	Year
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Using Cells, 2021, 10-26, Volume: 10, Issue:11 Topics: Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Melanoma; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Phenylalanine; Radiobiology; Relative Biological Effectiveness; Skin Neoplasms	2021
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition as a novel anticancer strategy: a review with special focus on batimastat and marimastat. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Hemangioma; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Melanoma; Metalloendopeptidases; Mice; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Protease Inhibitors; Skin Neoplasms; Thiophenes	1997
Photochemical reactions of natural macromolecules. Photoreactions of proteins. Journal of chemical education, 1973, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Absorption; Amino Acids; Energy Transfer; Fluorescence; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Peptides; Phenylalanine; Photochemistry; Proteins; Radiation Effects; Retinal Pigments; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays	1973
Current progress in the management of cancer. A collective review. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1969, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Angiography; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Division; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Fluorouracil; Head; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphography; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mammography; Melanoma; Mustard Compounds; Neoplasms; Phenylalanine; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiotherapy Dosage; Selenium; Skin Neoplasms; Thermography; Time Factors	1969

Trials

4 trial(s) available for phenylalanine and Cancer of Skin

Article	Year
BNCT for skin melanoma in extremities: updated Argentine clinical results. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 2009, Volume: 67, Issue:7-8 Suppl Topics: Aged; Argentina; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Skin Neoplasms	2009
Boron neutron capture therapy of malignant melanoma using 10B-paraboronophenylalanine with special reference to evaluation of radiation dose and damage to the normal skin. Radiation research, 1994, Volume: 138, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy Dosage; Skin; Skin Neoplasms	1994
A pharmacokinetic model for the concentration of 10B in blood after boronophenylalanine-fructose administration in humans. Radiation research, 2001, Volume: 155, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Boron; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Fructose; Glioblastoma; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms	2001
Thermal neutron capture therapy: the Japanese-Australian clinical trial for malignant melanoma. Basic life sciences, 1989, Volume: 50 Topics: Australia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Isotopes; Japan; Melanoma; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Radiotherapy; Skin Neoplasms	1989

Other Studies

32 other study(ies) available for phenylalanine and Cancer of Skin

Article	Year
Non-Invasive, Topical Sampling of Potential, Low-Molecular Weight, Skin Cancer Biomarkers: A Study on Healthy Volunteers. Analytical chemistry, 2022, 04-19, Volume: 94, Issue:15 Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Kynurenine; Molecular Weight; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms; Tryptophan; Tyrosine	2022
Comparative analysis of pathology and boronophenylalanine uptake in experimental orthotopic and heterotopic amelanotic melanoma. Melanoma research, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Heterografts; Humans; Melanoma, Amelanotic; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms	2014
Experimental Studies of Boronophenylalanine ((10)BPA) Biodistribution for the Individual Application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for Malignant Melanoma Treatment. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2015, Oct-01, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Boron; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Melanoma; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Mice; Mice, Nude; Phenylalanine; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Radioisotopes; Skin Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution; Tumor Burden	2015
Cisplatin/hydrogel complex in cancer therapy. Biomacromolecules, 2009, Apr-13, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Acrylamides; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogels; Melanoma; Phenylalanine; Polymers; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Water	2009
Differential diagnosis in primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Acta cirurgica brasileira, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Amides; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA; Humans; Melanoma; Phenylalanine; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrum Analysis, Raman	2010
POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS. LXXX. ALKYLATING AGENTS RELATED TO PHENYLALANINE MUSTARD. VI. ENANTIOMERIC META-PHENYLALANINE MUSTARDS. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1963, Volume: 6 Topics: Alkylating Agents; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Melphalan; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Pharmacology; Phenylalanine; Research; Skin Neoplasms	1963
STUDIES OF EPIDERMAL PROTEIN METABOLISM. 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN AN EPIDERMAL CARCINOMA IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1965, Volume: 44 Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Cricetinae; Histological Techniques; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Liver; Magnesium; Microsomes; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pharmacology; Phenylalanine; Proteins; Research; Ribosomes; Skin Neoplasms; Uracil Nucleotides	1965
Improvement of the tumor-suppressive effect of boron neutron capture therapy for amelanotic melanoma by intratumoral injection of the tyrosinase gene. Cancer research, 2006, Apr-01, Volume: 66, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Cell Growth Processes; Combined Modality Therapy; Cricetinae; Female; Genetic Therapy; Injections, Intralesional; Melanoma, Amelanotic; Mesocricetus; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Phenylalanine; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Skin Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution; Transfection	2006
[Selective affinity of 10B1-paraboronophenylalanine-HCl to malignant melanoma: thermal neutron capture therapy]. Nihon Hifuka Gakkai zasshi. The Japanese journal of dermatology, 1983, Volume: 93, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Boron; Boron Compounds; Cricetinae; Isotopes; Melanoma; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrometry, Gamma	1983
Phenylalanine lowers melanin synthesis in mammalian melanocytes by reducing tyrosine uptake: implications for pigment reduction in phenylketonuria. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1980, Volume: 74, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Humans; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonurias; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; Tyrosine	1980
Specific killing effect of 10B1-para-boronophenylalanine in thermal neutron capture therapy of malignant melanoma: in vitro radiobiological evaluation. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1982, Volume: 78, Issue:3 Topics: Boron Compounds; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Melanoma; Neutrons; Phenylalanine; Premedication; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Skin Neoplasms	1982
Local recurrence and survival in patients with (Clark Level IV/V and over 1.5-mm thickness) stage I malignant melanoma of the extremities after regional perfusion. Cancer, 1981, Nov-01, Volume: 48, Issue:9 Topics: Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Phenylalanine; Prognosis; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms	1981
Synergistic action of near-UV and phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan on the inactivation of phage T7: role of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 1994, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Bacteriophage T7; DNA Damage; DNA, Viral; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Escherichia coli; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Phenylalanine; Photosensitizing Agents; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Superoxides; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays	1994
[Neutron capture therapy for cancer]. Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 1994, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Melanoma; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms	1994
Induction of cell migration by matrix metalloprotease-2 cleavage of laminin-5. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1997, Jul-11, Volume: 277, Issue:5323 Topics: Animals; Breast; Cell Adhesion; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cell Size; Collagenases; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Fibrinolysin; Gelatinases; Humans; Kalinin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Metalloendopeptidases; Mice; Phenylalanine; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Skin Neoplasms; Thiophenes	1997
Pharmacokinetics of 10B-p-boronophenylalanine in tumours, skin and blood of melanoma patients: a study of boron neutron capture therapy for malignant melanoma. Melanoma research, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Boron Compounds; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors	1999
Cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is rarely caused by CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations in cutaneous malignant melanoma. International journal of cancer, 2001, Jun-15, Volume: 92, Issue:6 Topics: beta Catenin; Cell Nucleus; Codon; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeletal Proteins; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exons; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Melanoma; Mutation; Phenylalanine; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serine; Skin Neoplasms; Trans-Activators; Transcription, Genetic	2001
Src family kinases phosphorylate protein kinase C delta on tyrosine residues and modify the neoplastic phenotype of skin keratinocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2002, Apr-05, Volume: 277, Issue:14 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bryostatins; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Immunoblotting; Isoenzymes; Keratinocytes; Lactones; Macrolides; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Phenotype; Phenylalanine; Phosphorylation; Precipitin Tests; Protein Binding; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase C-delta; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Skin Neoplasms; src-Family Kinases; Subcellular Fractions; Transfection; Tyrosine	2002
Stromelysin-1 activation correlates with invasiveness in squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2002, Volume: 118, Issue:5 Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Movement; Collagen; Drug Combinations; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Keratinocytes; Laminin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phenylalanine; Protease Inhibitors; Proteoglycans; Skin Neoplasms; Thiophenes; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tumor Cells, Cultured	2002
Local control of subcutaneous murine melanoma xenografts in nude mice by neutron capture therapy. Melanoma research, 1992, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Cell Division; Cell Line; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neutron Capture Therapy; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Skin; Skin Neoplasms	1992
Tissue distribution of para-boronophenylalanine administered orally as a cyclodextrin inclusion complex to melanoma-bearing hamsters. Pigment cell research, 1992, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Boron Compounds; Cricetinae; Cyclodextrins; Male; Melanoma, Experimental; Mesocricetus; Phenylalanine; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Skin Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution	1992
In situ detection of cutaneous melanoma by prompt gamma-ray spectrometry using melanoma-seeking 10B-dopa analogue. Journal of dermatological science, 1990, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Animals; Boron; Boron Compounds; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Isotopes; Male; Melanoma; Mesocricetus; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrometry, Gamma; Time Factors	1990
Multiple extra-medullary plasmacytomas of the skin. Case report with a note on prognosis. The British journal of dermatology, 1974, Volume: 90, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Bence Jones Protein; Blood Sedimentation; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin A; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Mustard Compounds; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Phenylalanine; Plasmacytoma; Radiotherapy Dosage; Skin Neoplasms	1974
[Metabolism of malignant melanomas. Biochemical studies]. Archiv fur dermatologische Forschung, 1972, Volume: 244 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cricetinae; DNA, Neoplasm; Electron Transport Complex IV; Isoleucine; Leucine; Melanoma; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms	1972
The influence of phenylalanine- and tyrosine-low diet on the growth and structure of transplantable malignant melanomas of the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Modern problems in ophthalmology, 1974, Volume: 12, Issue:0 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cricetinae; Cytoplasm; Dietary Proteins; Genitalia; Hair; Macrophages; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenylalanine; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Transplantation, Homologous; Tyrosine	1974
Melanocytic neoplasms. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1974, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Part 2 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Epinephrine; Humans; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Mustard Compounds; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurons; Phenylalanine; Pigments, Biological; Skin Neoplasms; Tyrosine	1974
[Reticulosarcoma-like skin lesions in phenylketonuria (author's transl)]. Dermatologica, 1974, Volume: 148, Issue:6 Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonurias; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms	1974
The effect of a phenylalanine-tyrosine low diet on the growth and morphology of transplantable malignant melanomas of the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology, 1973, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Copper; Cricetinae; Diet; Hair; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenylalanine; Pigmentation Disorders; Protein Deficiency; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Transplantation, Homologous; Tyrosine	1973
Experience with 1-phenylalanine mustard dihydrochloride in isolation-perfusion of extremities for malignant melanoma. Cancer, 1971, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Alkylating Agents; Amputation, Surgical; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; Chlorides; Extremities; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Mustard Compounds; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phenylalanine; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Transplantation	1971
Tumorigenesis in mouse skin: inhibition by synthetic inhibitors of proteases. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1970, Sep-18, Volume: 169, Issue:3951 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Arginine; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chymotrypsin; Croton Oil; Depression, Chemical; Esters; Ketones; Lysine; Mice; Papain; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms; Terpenes; Trypsin Inhibitors	1970
[On phenylketonuria with normal intelligence]. Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie, 1969, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diet Therapy; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Mental Disorders; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonurias; Phenylpyruvic Acids; Skin Neoplasms; Tyrosine	1969
Effects of reducing the phenylalanine-tyrosine intake of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Cancer, 1966, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Blood; Diet Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phenylalanine; Skin Neoplasms; Tyrosine	1966