phentermine and Obesity studies

Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.

Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic characteristics of VI-0521, a fixed-dose combination of immediate-release phentermine (PHEN) and extended-release topiramate (TPM) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with obesity, and to report weight loss and adverse events using this drug combination."	9.34	A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a fixed-dose combination of phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity. ( Farhat, N; Gosselin, NH; Hsia, DS; Marier, JF; Peterson, C; Shih, W; Siegel, R; Williams, J, 2020)
"This pilot study evaluated whether adding phentermine to liraglutide would induce further weight loss in participants who had previously lost weight with liraglutide alone."	9.30	Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. ( Alamuddin, N; Berkowitz, RI; Chao, AM; Gruber, K; Leonard, S; Tronieri, JS; Wadden, TA; Walsh, OA, 2019)
"Phentermine is thought to cause weight loss through a reduction in hunger."	9.22	Greater hunger and less restraint predict weight loss success with phentermine treatment. ( Bechtell, JL; Cornier, MA; Eckel, RH; Ferland, A; Mcnair, B; Thomas, EA, 2016)
"In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 77 adults with obesity received either phentermine or placebo."	9.22	Effects of a meal replacement system alone or in combination with phentermine on weight loss and food cravings. ( Aréchiga, AL; Bellinger, DL; Berk, LS; Daher, NS; Davis, WL; Hermé, AC; Moldovan, CP; Peters, WR; Schneider, LE; Weldon, AJ, 2016)
" Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate (PHEN/TPM CR), as an adjunct to lifestyle modification, has previously shown significant weight loss compared with placebo in a 56-wk study in overweight and obese subjects with ≥2 weight-related comorbidities."	9.16	Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. ( Allison, DB; Bowden, CH; Day, WW; Gadde, KM; Garvey, WT; Look, M; Peterson, CA; Ryan, DH; Schwiers, M, 2012)
" We therefore assessed the efficacy and safety of two doses of phentermine plus topiramate controlled-release combination as an adjunct to diet and lifestyle modification for weight loss and metabolic risk reduction in individuals who were overweight and obese, with two or more risk factors."	9.15	Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. ( Allison, DB; Day, WW; Gadde, KM; Peterson, CA; Ryan, DH; Schwiers, ML; Troupin, B, 2011)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release (DCR) in patients with obesity."	9.14	Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. ( Kang, JG; Kang, JH; Park, CY; Park, SW; Park, YW, 2010)
"Phentermine/topiramate has considerable benefit in reducing body weight, and the efficacy was closely related to the dosage."	9.12	Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lai, C; Lei, XG; Ruan, JQ; Sun, Z; Yang, X, 2021)
"Measurements of subjective feeling in 20 patients receiving fenfluramine alternating with placebo and in 19 patients receiving phentermine alternating with placebo indicated that depression of mood occurred four days after fenfluramine withdrawal but no such depression was seen with phentermine."	9.03	Withdrawal depression in obese patients after fenfluramine treatment. ( Briggs, M; Steel, JM, 1972)
"Few studies on combination therapies for the treatment of obesity had been conducted until recently, when two fixed-dose combinations, bupropion-naltrexone ER fixed-dose combination and phentermine-topiramate ER titrated-dose combinations were evaluated in clinical studies that ultimately led to FDA approval."	8.95	Safety assessment of combination therapies in the treatment of obesity: focus on naltrexone/bupropion extended release and phentermine-topiramate extended release. ( Halpern, B; Mancini, MC, 2017)
"MEDLINE (1966-July 2012) was searched using the terms weight loss, obesity, phentermine and topiramate, phentermine, topiramate, Qnexa, Qsymia, and VI-0521."	8.89	Phentermine/topiramate for the treatment of obesity. ( Meyer, M; Smith, SM; Trinkley, KE, 2013)
"The aim of this article is to focus on the fixed-dose combination of phentermine and topiramate, a new antiobesity drug recently approved by the US FDA."	8.89	Fixed-dose combination of phentermine-topiramate for the treatment of obesity. ( Faria, AM; Halpern, A; Halpern, B, 2013)
" Phentermine and topiramate extended-release (phentermine/topiramate ER) has recently been approved in the USA for chronic weight management in obese adults and overweight adults with weight-related co-morbidities in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity."	8.89	Phentermine and topiramate extended-release: a new treatment for obesity and its role in a complications-centric approach to obesity medical management. ( Garvey, WT, 2013)
" Food and Drug Administration approved phentermine-topiramate for obesity in 2012 and required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to prevent prenatal exposure."	8.31	Assessment of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for Phentermine-Topiramate to Prevent Exposure During Pregnancy. ( Brown, JD; Donahoo, WT; Hampp, C; Sarayani, A; Winterstein, AG, 2023)
" Phentermine-topiramate extended release may be a good therapeutic option for patients presenting with comorbid obesity and sleep-related eating disorder."	8.12	Phentermine-topiramate extended release for the dual treatment of obesity and sleep-related eating disorder: a case report. ( DeConde, J; Grunvald, E, 2022)
"The US FDA required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for phentermine/topiramate, an anti-obesity medication, to prevent congenital malformations."	8.12	Topiramate Utilization After Phentermine/Topiramate Approval for Obesity Management: Risk Minimization in the Era of Drug Repurposing. ( Brown, JD; Donahoo, WT; Hampp, C; Sarayani, A; Winterstein, AG, 2022)
"Phentermine/topiramate combination therapy resulted in significant weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with obesity/overweight in two published 56-week randomized, placebo-controlled trials (EQUIP and CONQUER)."	7.83	Health-related quality of life in two randomized controlled trials of phentermine/topiramate for obesity: What mediates improvement? ( Crosby, RD; Gadde, KM; Kolotkin, RL; Peterson, CA, 2016)
"Phase 3 clinical trial results reveal that Qsymia is a clinically effective long-term treatment for obesity, but whether this treatment is cost-effective compared to a diet and lifestyle intervention has yet to be explored."	7.81	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Qsymia for Weight Loss. ( Finkelstein, EA; Karnawat, S; Kruger, E, 2015)
"Phentermine abuse or psychological dependence (addiction) does not occur in patients treated with phentermine for obesity."	7.80	Addiction potential of phentermine prescribed during long-term treatment of obesity. ( De Marco, DG; Greenway, FL; Haggard, M; Hendricks, EJ; Hendricks, MJ; Istratiy, Y; Mitchell, CL; Schmidt, SL; Souter, S; Srisurapanont, M, 2014)
"There is a perception that phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR), exposing treated patients to increased cardiovascular risk."	7.77	Blood pressure and heart rate effects, weight loss and maintenance during long-term phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity. ( Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Hendricks, EJ; Westman, EC, 2011)
"To characterize the interactive effects of amylin with phentermine or sibutramine on food intake, body weight/composition and gene expression in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats."	7.74	Antiobesity effects of the beta-cell hormone amylin in combination with phentermine or sibutramine in diet-induced obese rats. ( Athanacio, J; Coffey, T; Kesty, NC; Lei, C; Mack, C; Parkes, DG; Roth, JD; Trevaskis, JL; Weyer, C; Wilson, J, 2008)
"Phentermine and fenfluramine are widely used in the treatment of obesity."	7.70	Lower dosages of phentermine-fenfluramine given in the afternoon: five cases with significant weight loss. ( Katz, DA; Maloney, MJ; McConville, BJ; Sutkamp, JC, 1999)
"The author treated 12 patients who had demonstrated only a minimal response to psychiatric treatment alone for their obesity with a combination of psychotherapy and an anorectic, phentermine resin."	7.66	Psychological treatment of obesity with phentermine resin as an adjunct. ( Roberts, CR, 1978)
" Dry mouth and insomnia were the only statistically significant adverse events that occurred more frequently in phentermine group."	6.72	Effects on weight reduction and safety of short-term phentermine administration in Korean obese people. ( Cho, HJ; Kang, HC; Kim, KK; Lee, KR; Youn, BB, 2006)
" Cardiovascular data associated with long-term use of phentermine and topiramate extended-release indicate that this combination may be a safe and effective option for reducing weight in overweight/obese patients at low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk."	6.50	Cardiovascular effects of phentermine and topiramate: a new drug combination for the treatment of obesity. ( Astrup, A; Day, WW; Engeli, S; Finer, N; Jordan, J; Narkiewicz, K, 2014)
"The treatment of obesity is often met with a myriad of challenges in the primary care setting."	6.50	Combination phentermine/topiramate for obesity treatment in primary care: a review. ( Gadde, KM; Xiong, GL, 2014)
"Qsymia is a combination of phentermine and topiramate used for obesity treatment."	6.49	Phentermine and topiramate extended-release for the obesity: new kids on the block. ( Kallikazaros, I; Kallistratos, MS; Katsi, V; Makris, T; Manolis, AJ; Marketou, M; Tousoulis, D; Vardas, P, 2013)
"Obesity is now a major public health concern worldwide with increasing prevalence and a growing list of comorbidities and complications."	6.49	Phentermine and topiramate for the management of obesity: a review. ( Conrad, AO; Cosentino, G; Uwaifo, GI, 2013)
"Phentermine hydrochloride is a noradrenergic sympathetic amine approved for decades by the U."	6.47	Phentermine/topiramate for weight reduction and treatment of adverse metabolic consequences in obesity. ( Bays, HE; Gadde, KM, 2011)
"Orlistat treatment improves oxysterol metabolism in overweight and obese adults."	5.51	The Effect of Orlistat on Sterol Metabolism in Obese Patients. ( Choi, MH; Kwon, GE; Kwon, YJ; Lee, HS; Lee, JW, 2022)
"Among adults with obesity or overweight, semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate were associated with greater body weight loss and waist circumference reduction at 12 months than all other drugs, and lower or no significant difference in risks of withdrawal."	5.41	Clinical outcomes associated with drugs for obesity and overweight: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Di Leo, A; Giorgino, F; Iannone, A; Laviola, L; Natale, P; Nicolucci, A; Palmer, SC; Rendina, M; Strippoli, GFM, 2023)
"Phentermine has been considered a relatively safe drug to treat obesity, and further investigation is needed to decide the safety and dosage of phentermine."	5.36	Pulmonary hypertension associated with use of phentermine. ( Bang, WD; Chang, HJ; Cho, SS; Jang, JY; Joung, B; Kim, JY; Oh, CM; Yu, HT, 2010)
"To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic characteristics of VI-0521, a fixed-dose combination of immediate-release phentermine (PHEN) and extended-release topiramate (TPM) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with obesity, and to report weight loss and adverse events using this drug combination."	5.34	A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a fixed-dose combination of phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity. ( Farhat, N; Gosselin, NH; Hsia, DS; Marier, JF; Peterson, C; Shih, W; Siegel, R; Williams, J, 2020)
"This pilot study evaluated whether adding phentermine to liraglutide would induce further weight loss in participants who had previously lost weight with liraglutide alone."	5.30	Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. ( Alamuddin, N; Berkowitz, RI; Chao, AM; Gruber, K; Leonard, S; Tronieri, JS; Wadden, TA; Walsh, OA, 2019)
" Other anti-obesity medications, including lorcaserin, setmelanotide, phentermine hydrochloric, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion, have been minimally investigated in NAFLD."	5.22	Anti-obesity Medications for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ( Germanidis, GS; Giouleme, O; Goulas, A; Goulis, DG; Polyzos, SA, 2022)
"Phentermine is thought to cause weight loss through a reduction in hunger."	5.22	Greater hunger and less restraint predict weight loss success with phentermine treatment. ( Bechtell, JL; Cornier, MA; Eckel, RH; Ferland, A; Mcnair, B; Thomas, EA, 2016)
"In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 77 adults with obesity received either phentermine or placebo."	5.22	Effects of a meal replacement system alone or in combination with phentermine on weight loss and food cravings. ( Aréchiga, AL; Bellinger, DL; Berk, LS; Daher, NS; Davis, WL; Hermé, AC; Moldovan, CP; Peters, WR; Schneider, LE; Weldon, AJ, 2016)
" Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate (PHEN/TPM CR), as an adjunct to lifestyle modification, has previously shown significant weight loss compared with placebo in a 56-wk study in overweight and obese subjects with ≥2 weight-related comorbidities."	5.16	Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. ( Allison, DB; Bowden, CH; Day, WW; Gadde, KM; Garvey, WT; Look, M; Peterson, CA; Ryan, DH; Schwiers, M, 2012)
"Phentermine is the most widely used antiobesity drug in the United States."	5.15	A study of abrupt phentermine cessation in patients in a weight management program. ( Greenway, FL; Hendricks, EJ, 2011)
" We therefore assessed the efficacy and safety of two doses of phentermine plus topiramate controlled-release combination as an adjunct to diet and lifestyle modification for weight loss and metabolic risk reduction in individuals who were overweight and obese, with two or more risk factors."	5.15	Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. ( Allison, DB; Day, WW; Gadde, KM; Peterson, CA; Ryan, DH; Schwiers, ML; Troupin, B, 2011)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release (DCR) in patients with obesity."	5.14	Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. ( Kang, JG; Kang, JH; Park, CY; Park, SW; Park, YW, 2010)
"Phentermine/topiramate has considerable benefit in reducing body weight, and the efficacy was closely related to the dosage."	5.12	Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Lai, C; Lei, XG; Ruan, JQ; Sun, Z; Yang, X, 2021)
"To determine the echocardiographic changes over time of valvular heart lesions in patients who took the weight loss drugs fenfluramine and phentermine."	5.09	Echocardiographic improvement over time after cessation of use of fenfluramine and phentermine. ( Bailey, KR; Connolly, HM; Grogan, M; Hensrud, DD; Jensen, MD; Miller, FA, 1999)
"A partial crossover design was used to study a weight loss treatment consisting of Phentermine hydrochloride (Fastin, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) therapy plus a low energy diet (5040 kJ/d)."	5.09	Weight loss is correlated with an improved lipoprotein profile in obese postmenopausal women. ( Cordero-MacIntyre, ZR; Dickinson, B; España, RC; Fernandez, ML; Howell, WH; Lohman, TG; Peters, W; Reid, PM; Rosen, J, 2000)
"We studied platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor concentration and function in 19 subjects with simple obesity participating in a double-blind, controlled clinical trial of diet and anorexiants (phentermine, fenfluramine, or a combination of the two) or placebo."	5.05	Platelet alpha-adrenergic receptors in obesity: alteration with weight loss. ( Banerjee, SP; Hasday, JD; Hershey, LA; Kroening, BH; Sundaresan, PR; Weintraub, M, 1983)
"Measurements of subjective feeling in 20 patients receiving fenfluramine alternating with placebo and in 19 patients receiving phentermine alternating with placebo indicated that depression of mood occurred four days after fenfluramine withdrawal but no such depression was seen with phentermine."	5.03	Withdrawal depression in obese patients after fenfluramine treatment. ( Briggs, M; Steel, JM, 1972)
"In the population of patients with obesity and CVD, the medications orlistat, lorcaserin and liraglutide are considered the most appropriate options for their treatment, in terms of safety."	5.01	Treating obesity in patients with cardiovascular disease: the pharmacotherapeutic options. ( Andrew, CA; Aronne, LJ; Saunders, KH; Shukla, AP, 2019)
"In this paper, data on efficacy, tolerability and safety of FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for obesity (orlistat, phentermine/topiramate extended-release, lorcaserin, bupropion sustained release/naltrexone sustained release and liraglutide) are reviewed, focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes."	4.98	Pharmacotherapy for obesity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. ( Aronne, LJ; Chukir, T; Saunders, KH; Shukla, AP, 2018)
"This review provides an overview of the current state of drug therapy for obesity, with a focus on four new drug therapies-lorcaserin, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide 3."	4.95	Pharmacotherapy of Obesity: Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice. ( Gadde, KM; Pritham Raj, Y, 2017)
"Few studies on combination therapies for the treatment of obesity had been conducted until recently, when two fixed-dose combinations, bupropion-naltrexone ER fixed-dose combination and phentermine-topiramate ER titrated-dose combinations were evaluated in clinical studies that ultimately led to FDA approval."	4.95	Safety assessment of combination therapies in the treatment of obesity: focus on naltrexone/bupropion extended release and phentermine-topiramate extended release. ( Halpern, B; Mancini, MC, 2017)
" Phentermine/topiramate ER appeared to have the best overall average weight loss from baseline as well as highest percentages of patients achieving both ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss benchmarks, followed second by naltrexone/bupropion, and then liraglutide, with lorcaserin showing the lowest rates."	4.93	A Comparison of New Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Obesity. ( Megyeri, J; Nuffer, W; Trujillo, JM, 2016)
"Randomized clinical trials conducted among overweight and obese adults treated with US Food and Drug Administration-approved long-term weight loss agents (orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone-bupropion, phentermine-topiramate, or liraglutide) for at least 1 year compared with another active agent or placebo."	4.93	Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ( Camilleri, M; Chandar, AK; Dulai, PS; Khera, R; Loomba, R; Murad, MH; Prokop, LJ; Singh, S; Wang, Z, 2016)
"A short overview of new drugs approved for the treatment of obesity (lorcaserin, phentermine/topiramate combination) as well as those with a perspective for approval as antiobesity drugs (cetilistat, naltrexone/bupropion combination, liraglutide) is presented."	4.90	Overview of new antiobesity drugs. ( Hainer, V, 2014)
"MEDLINE (1966-July 2012) was searched using the terms weight loss, obesity, phentermine and topiramate, phentermine, topiramate, Qnexa, Qsymia, and VI-0521."	4.89	Phentermine/topiramate for the treatment of obesity. ( Meyer, M; Smith, SM; Trinkley, KE, 2013)
"The aim of this article is to focus on the fixed-dose combination of phentermine and topiramate, a new antiobesity drug recently approved by the US FDA."	4.89	Fixed-dose combination of phentermine-topiramate for the treatment of obesity. ( Faria, AM; Halpern, A; Halpern, B, 2013)
" Phentermine and topiramate extended-release (phentermine/topiramate ER) has recently been approved in the USA for chronic weight management in obese adults and overweight adults with weight-related co-morbidities in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity."	4.89	Phentermine and topiramate extended-release: a new treatment for obesity and its role in a complications-centric approach to obesity medical management. ( Garvey, WT, 2013)
" Phentermine is a noradrenergic sympathomimetic amine approved for short-term treatment of obesity."	4.86	Phentermine, topiramate and their combination for the treatment of adiposopathy ('sick fat') and metabolic disease. ( Bays, H, 2010)
" Food and Drug Administration has approved three weight loss agents: sibutramine, orlistat, and phentermine."	4.83	Use of lifestyle changes treatment plans and drug therapy in controlling cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. ( Pi-Sunyer, FX, 2006)
" The USA, the European Union and Norway have approved orlistat, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor for weight reduction for up to two years."	4.80	[The obesity epidemics--do diet pills have a place in the treatment?]. ( Birkeland, KI; Tonstad, S, 2000)
" In the late sixties, aminorex caused an epidemic of pulmonary hypertension with high mortality rates."	4.80	[Obesity: principles of drug therapy]. ( Ballmer, PE; Imoberdorf, R, 2000)
" Food and Drug Administration approved phentermine-topiramate for obesity in 2012 and required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to prevent prenatal exposure."	4.31	Assessment of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for Phentermine-Topiramate to Prevent Exposure During Pregnancy. ( Brown, JD; Donahoo, WT; Hampp, C; Sarayani, A; Winterstein, AG, 2023)
"Antiobesity drugs orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, and phentermine-topiramate vs no treatment."	4.31	Cost-Effectiveness of Antiobesity Drugs for Adolescents With Severe Obesity. ( Mital, S; Nguyen, HV, 2023)
" Phentermine-topiramate extended release may be a good therapeutic option for patients presenting with comorbid obesity and sleep-related eating disorder."	4.12	Phentermine-topiramate extended release for the dual treatment of obesity and sleep-related eating disorder: a case report. ( DeConde, J; Grunvald, E, 2022)
"The US FDA required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for phentermine/topiramate, an anti-obesity medication, to prevent congenital malformations."	4.12	Topiramate Utilization After Phentermine/Topiramate Approval for Obesity Management: Risk Minimization in the Era of Drug Repurposing. ( Brown, JD; Donahoo, WT; Hampp, C; Sarayani, A; Winterstein, AG, 2022)
"The overall use of antiobesity medications remained low over the past 15 years and phentermine was the preferred antiobesity agent."	4.02	Prescribing trends and clinical characteristics of patients starting antiobesity drugs in the United States. ( Kim, DW; Patorno, E; Schneeweiss, S; Suissa, K, 2021)
" We performed disproportionality analyses to detect cardiovascular safety signals with three antiobesity drugs recently approved for marketing: lorcaserin, naltrexone-bupropion, phentermine, and phentermine-topiramate."	3.96	The cardiovascular safety of antiobesity drugs-analysis of signals in the FDA Adverse Event Report System Database. ( Gorelik, B; Gorelik, E; Hirsh-Raccah, B; Masarwa, R; Matok, I; Perlman, A, 2020)
"Anti-obesity drugs with central mechanisms, such as phentermine and lorcaserin, are available in USA, but not in Europe."	3.96	Obesity Therapy: How and Why? ( Cresci, B; Paccosi, S; Pala, L; Parenti, A; Rotella, CM, 2020)
"Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, and phentermine, a psychostimulant structurally related to amphetamine, are drugs approved for the treatment of obesity and hyperphagia."	3.91	Determining the Effects of Combined Liraglutide and Phentermine on Metabolic Parameters, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in Lean and Obese Male Mice. ( Buch-Rasmussen, AS; Cowley, MA; Grove, KL; Kelly, LE; Koegler, FH; Pryor, JT; Simonds, SE, 2019)
"The aim of this work was to study weight loss and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death associated with longer-term phentermine use."	3.91	Safety and Effectiveness of Longer-Term Phentermine Use: Clinical Outcomes from an Electronic Health Record Cohort. ( Ard, J; Arterburn, DE; Barton, L; Bessesen, DH; Daley, MF; Desai, J; Fischer, H; Fitzpatrick, SL; Horberg, M; Koebnick, C; Lewis, KH; Oshiro, C; Yamamoto, A; Young, DR, 2019)
" Patients receiving phentermine-topiramate had a greater proportion of weight loss after at least 20 weeks compared with those solely enrolled in the VA's MOVE! weight-management program."	3.88	Observational Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Treatments for Obesity within the Veterans Health Administration. ( Grabarczyk, TR, 2018)
"We pooled data from 3,040 overweight and obese participants in three randomized controlled trials-CONQUER, EQUIP, and SEQUEL-assessing efficacy and safety of phentermine/topiramate extended release (ER) for weight loss."	3.85	Cardiometabolic Disease Staging Predicts Effectiveness of Weight-Loss Therapy to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Results From Phase III Clinical Trials Assessing Phentermine/Topiramate Extended Release. ( Garvey, WT; Guo, F, 2017)
" Keywords used to obtain relevant articles included obesity and drug, or orlistat, topiramate/phentermine, lorcaserin, bupropion/naltrexone, and liraglutide."	3.83	Review of pharmacotherapy options for the management of obesity. ( Bragg, R; Crannage, E, 2016)
"Phentermine/topiramate combination therapy resulted in significant weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with obesity/overweight in two published 56-week randomized, placebo-controlled trials (EQUIP and CONQUER)."	3.83	Health-related quality of life in two randomized controlled trials of phentermine/topiramate for obesity: What mediates improvement? ( Crosby, RD; Gadde, KM; Kolotkin, RL; Peterson, CA, 2016)
"Phentermine and phentermine-topirimate in addition to diet and exercise appear to be viable options for weight loss in post-RYGB and LAGB patients who experience WR or WLP."	3.83	Pharmacotherapy in Conjunction with a Diet and Exercise Program for the Treatment of Weight Recidivism or Weight Loss Plateau Post-bariatric Surgery: a Retrospective Review. ( Chaudhry, UI; Durkin, N; Foreman, KS; Mikami, DJ; Needleman, BJ; Noria, SF; Schwartz, J; Suzo, A; Tychonievich, K; Wehr, AM, 2016)
"The recent approval of liraglutide, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion extended-release, and phentermine/topiramate extended-release, brings the number of medications for long-term weight loss to 5 (including orlistat)."	3.83	Answers to Clinical Questions in the Primary Care Management of People with Obesity: Pharmacologic Management. ( Braverman-Panza, J; Fujioka, K, 2016)
"Phase 3 clinical trial results reveal that Qsymia is a clinically effective long-term treatment for obesity, but whether this treatment is cost-effective compared to a diet and lifestyle intervention has yet to be explored."	3.81	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Qsymia for Weight Loss. ( Finkelstein, EA; Karnawat, S; Kruger, E, 2015)
"Phentermine abuse or psychological dependence (addiction) does not occur in patients treated with phentermine for obesity."	3.80	Addiction potential of phentermine prescribed during long-term treatment of obesity. ( De Marco, DG; Greenway, FL; Haggard, M; Hendricks, EJ; Hendricks, MJ; Istratiy, Y; Mitchell, CL; Schmidt, SL; Souter, S; Srisurapanont, M, 2014)
"To determine the impact of FDA safety communications regarding the weight loss medications sibutramine and orlistat."	3.80	Time series analyses of the effect of FDA communications on use of prescription weight loss medications. ( Block, JP; Brennan, TA; Carpenter, DP; Choudhry, NK; Fischer, MA; Matlin, OS; Shrank, WH; Tong, AY, 2014)
"In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 2 drugs for long-term weight loss: lorcaserin hydrochloride (Belviq; Eisai Inc) and phentermine-topiramate (Qysmia; Vivus Inc)."	3.80	The new weight-loss drugs, lorcaserin and phentermine-topiramate: slim pickings? ( Schwartz, LM; Woloshin, S, 2014)
"To investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of combination phentermine and topiramate therapy for maintenance of weight loss."	3.80	Combination phentermine and topiramate for weight maintenance: the first Australian experience. ( Haywood, CJ; Houlihan, CA; Lee, FT; Neoh, SL; Proietto, J; Sumithran, P, 2014)
" Lorcaserin (Belviq(®)), phentermine/topiramate combination (Qsymia(®)), and bupropion/naltrexone combination have been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of obesity, as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and physical activity, although their absolute safety has yet to be established with more widespread use or longer use."	3.79	Therapies for obesity and medication-associated weight gain. ( Howland, RH, 2013)
" Phentermine is widely used in many countries despite its multiple adverse effects and lack of proven efficacy in preventing complications of obesity."	3.78	Phentermine: an appetite-suppressant amphetamine classified as a narcotic in France. Is a combination with topiramate on the horizon? ( , 2012)
"Vivus' proprietary oral capsule containing phentermine and extended-release (ER) topiramate has been approved in the US for the treatment of obesity."	3.78	Phentermine and topiramate extended release (Qsymia™): first global approval. ( Cameron, F; McKeage, K; Whiteside, G, 2012)
"There is a perception that phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR), exposing treated patients to increased cardiovascular risk."	3.77	Blood pressure and heart rate effects, weight loss and maintenance during long-term phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity. ( Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Hendricks, EJ; Westman, EC, 2011)
"Qnexa (VI-0521) is an investigational fixed-dose combination drug of phentermine and topiramate currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of obesity."	3.77	ACS chemical neuroscience molecule spotlight on Qnexa. ( Mercer, SL, 2011)
"To characterize the interactive effects of amylin with phentermine or sibutramine on food intake, body weight/composition and gene expression in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats."	3.74	Antiobesity effects of the beta-cell hormone amylin in combination with phentermine or sibutramine in diet-induced obese rats. ( Athanacio, J; Coffey, T; Kesty, NC; Lei, C; Mack, C; Parkes, DG; Roth, JD; Trevaskis, JL; Weyer, C; Wilson, J, 2008)
"This is a report of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) changes in obese patients completing at least 1 year of outpatient treatment in a weight reduction program combining phentermine-fenfluramine and dietary counseling."	3.71	The relationship between health-related quality of life and weight loss. ( Crosby, RD; Hartley, GG; Kolotkin, RL; Nicol, S; Williams, GR, 2001)
"To assess weight loss, as well as the prevalence of valvular heart disease, in 21 obese women who completed 2 years of treatment by fenfluramine and phentermine (fen-phen) in June 1997."	3.70	The fen-phen finale: a study of weight loss and valvular heart disease. ( Aber, JL; Berkowitz, RI; Foster, GD; Silvestry, F; St John Sutton, MG; Stunkard, AJ; Vogt, RA; Wadden, TA, 1998)
"Phentermine and fenfluramine are widely used in the treatment of obesity."	3.70	Lower dosages of phentermine-fenfluramine given in the afternoon: five cases with significant weight loss. ( Katz, DA; Maloney, MJ; McConville, BJ; Sutkamp, JC, 1999)
"22 severe binge eaters, 17 moderate binge eaters, and 16 non-binge eaters received phentermine resin 15mg/day and dl-fenfluramine 20mg three times daily over a 6 month period for weight loss."	3.70	Beneficial effects of pharmacotherapy on weight loss, depressive symptoms, and eating patterns in obese binge eaters and non-binge eaters. ( Alger, SA; Cerulli, J; Fein, S; Howard, L; Malone, M, 1999)
"To evaluate, in compliant patients, the pharmaceutical costs of treating obesity with fenfluramine/mazindol, fenfluramine/phentermine, caffeine/ephedrine, or mazindol relative to the pharmaceutical costs of treating obesity-related comorbid conditions and reducing cardiovascular risk."	3.70	Pharmaceutical cost savings of treating obesity with weight loss medications. ( Bray, GA; Greenway, FL; Rood, JC; Ryan, DH; Smith, SR; Tucker, EW, 1999)
"To evaluate cardiovascular status and the prevalence of valvular abnormalities, as assessed by clinical cardiovascular parameters and echocardiography, in patients treated for obesity with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine."	3.70	Valvular abnormalities and cardiovascular status following exposure to dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine. ( Constantine, G; Davis, KD; Gardin, JM; Leung, C; Reid, CL; Schumacher, D, 2000)
"This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of the combination of phentermine and fenfluramine for the treatment of obesity in a private practice setting."	3.69	Long-term drug treatment of obesity in a private practice setting. ( Atkinson, RL; Blank, RC; Dhurandhar, NV; Ritch, DL; Schumacher, D, 1997)
"Fifty women with refractory obesity received phentermine resinate."	3.66	Plasma phentermine levels, weight loss and side-effects. ( Douglas, A; Douglas, JG; Munro, JF; Robertson, CE, 1983)
"The author treated 12 patients who had demonstrated only a minimal response to psychiatric treatment alone for their obesity with a combination of psychotherapy and an anorectic, phentermine resin."	3.66	Psychological treatment of obesity with phentermine resin as an adjunct. ( Roberts, CR, 1978)
"Phentermine was well-tolerated; no differences were observed in the frequency of adverse events between the groups."	3.11	Effect of Phentermine on Hepatic Steatosis in Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study. ( Briceño-Sáenz, G; Flores-López, A; González-Salazar, L; Guevara-Cruz, M; Guzmán-Aguilar, R; Luna-Camacho, Y; Ortiz-Gutiérrez, S; Pérez-Cruz, E, 2022)
"Obesity is recognized as a true chronic disease and an independent risk factor for kidney disease."	3.01	[Renal Damage and Obesity: a Silent Pairing]. ( Amatuzio, A; Baranello, S; Buondonno, A; Corvinelli, M; De Stefano, F; Di Cienzo, G; Nazzaro, P; Principe, F; Trucillo, P; Vitagliano, C, 2023)
"Phentermine is an old and low-cost agent given as an adjuvant therapy for obesity for a 12-week period, at an initial dose of 15 mg or 30 mg."	3.01	Three- and six-month efficacy and safety of phentermine in a Mexican obese population. ( Barranco-Garduño, LM; Carrasco-Portugal, MDC; Huerta-Cruz, JC; Kammar-García, A; Márquez-Cruz, M; Reyes-García, JG; Rocha González, HI; Rodríguez-Silverio, J, 2021)
"Lorcaserin in combination with phentermine improves control of food cravings during short-term energy restriction."	2.87	Effect of Lorcaserin Alone and in Combination with Phentermine on Food Cravings After 12-Week Treatment: A Randomized Substudy. ( Aronne, LJ; Coulter, AA; Fujioka, K; Garvey, WT; Greenway, FL; Nikonova, EV; Rebello, CJ; Smith, SR; Zhou, S, 2018)
"Overall, large weight loss has a major beneficial impact on overweight- and obesity-related complications."	2.82	Benefits of weight loss of 10% or more in patients with overweight or obesity: A review. ( Morton, J; Tahrani, AA, 2022)
"Treatment algorithms for type 2 diabetes recommend weight loss for disease management."	2.79	Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release. ( Bohannon, NJ; Dvorak, RV; Garvey, WT; Kushner, RF; Rueger, M; Ryan, DH; Troupin, B, 2014)
"Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases in the United States and worldwide."	2.72	Weight-Loss Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. ( Ard, JD; Cohen, JB; Egan, BM; Hall, JE; Hall, ME; Lavie, CJ; Ma, J; Ndumele, CE; Schauer, PR; Shimbo, D, 2021)
" However, they are costly and may have adverse effects in some individuals."	2.72	Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? ( Lee, SY; Tak, YJ, 2021)
"Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide, including among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD)."	2.72	Intensive management of obesity in people with severe chronic kidney disease: A review. ( Harb, H; Nolan, BJ; Song, R; Sumithran, P, 2021)
" Dry mouth and insomnia were the only statistically significant adverse events that occurred more frequently in phentermine group."	2.72	Effects on weight reduction and safety of short-term phentermine administration in Korean obese people. ( Cho, HJ; Kang, HC; Kim, KK; Lee, KR; Youn, BB, 2006)
"Most individuals with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and weight loss for them is an important therapeutic objective."	2.69	Pharmacologic induction of weight loss to treat type 2 diabetes. ( Bantle, JP; Kwong, CA; Raatz, SK; Redmon, JB; Swanson, JE; Thomas, W, 1999)
"Initial weight loss has been used as a predictor of long-term response to obesity drugs."	2.69	Initial weight loss as a predictor of response to obesity drugs. ( Atkinson, RL; Blank, RC; Dhurandhar, NV; Schumacher, D, 1999)
" Dosing changes were based on an algorithm that aimed to achieve 120% of ideal body weight (IBW) while minimizing adverse effects."	2.67	Long-term weight control study. III (weeks 104 to 156). An open-label study of dose adjustment of fenfluramine and phentermine. ( Moscucci, M; Schuster, B; Stein, EC; Sundaresan, PR; Weintraub, M, 1992)
"Obesity is a growing epidemic and a major contributor to the global burden of disease."	2.52	Drug treatment of obesity: current status and future prospects. ( Dahiya, N; Kakkar, AK, 2015)
" Thus, if following the appropriate guidelines according to package labels, the practitioner can feel safe in prescribing these medications."	2.52	Safety and tolerability of medications approved for chronic weight management. ( Fujioka, K, 2015)
"Obesity is a growing pandemic, and related health and economic costs are staggering."	2.50	Antiobesity pharmacotherapy: new drugs and emerging targets. ( Blomain, ES; Kim, GW; Lin, JE; Waldman, SA, 2014)
" Cardiovascular data associated with long-term use of phentermine and topiramate extended-release indicate that this combination may be a safe and effective option for reducing weight in overweight/obese patients at low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk."	2.50	Cardiovascular effects of phentermine and topiramate: a new drug combination for the treatment of obesity. ( Astrup, A; Day, WW; Engeli, S; Finer, N; Jordan, J; Narkiewicz, K, 2014)
"The treatment of obesity is often met with a myriad of challenges in the primary care setting."	2.50	Combination phentermine/topiramate for obesity treatment in primary care: a review. ( Gadde, KM; Xiong, GL, 2014)
"Lorcaserin is a novel serotonin 5-HT2C selective agonist which has been shown in three phase III studies to significantly reduce weight and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes."	2.50	New pharmacological treatments for the management of obesity. ( Ebbert, JO; Edakkanambeth Varayil, J; Hurt, RT, 2014)
" However, in the existing studies PHEN/TPM ER had a superior weight loss profile to lorcaserin but the incidence of adverse effects was lower with lorcaserin."	2.50	Tolerability and safety of the new anti-obesity medications. ( Aldhoon-Hainerová, I; Hainer, V, 2014)
" At present there are three drugs (orlistat, phentermine/topiramate and lorcaserin) approved for long-term use and four sympathomimetic drugs approved by the US FDA for short-term treatment of obesity."	2.50	Medical treatment of obesity: the past, the present and the future. ( Bray, GA, 2014)
"Obesity is a major correlate of cardiovascular disease."	2.50	Modern obesity pharmacotherapy: weighing cardiovascular risk and benefit. ( Cunningham, JW; Wiviott, SD, 2014)
"Obesity is a world-wide epidemic associated with significant morbidity and mortality which costs billions of dollars per year."	2.49	Pharmacotherapy of obesity: clinical treatments and considerations. ( Hermayer, K; Holes-Lewis, KA; Malcolm, R; O'Neil, PM, 2013)
"Qsymia is a combination of phentermine and topiramate used for obesity treatment."	2.49	Phentermine and topiramate extended-release for the obesity: new kids on the block. ( Kallikazaros, I; Kallistratos, MS; Katsi, V; Makris, T; Manolis, AJ; Marketou, M; Tousoulis, D; Vardas, P, 2013)
"Obesity is now a major public health concern worldwide with increasing prevalence and a growing list of comorbidities and complications."	2.49	Phentermine and topiramate for the management of obesity: a review. ( Conrad, AO; Cosentino, G; Uwaifo, GI, 2013)
"Surgical treatments for obesity, although highly effective, are unavailable or unsuitable for the majority of individuals with excess adiposity."	2.49	New pharmacological approaches for obesity management. ( Padwal, RS; Rueda-Clausen, CF; Sharma, AM, 2013)
"Treating obesity is crucial as it will ultimately result in the prevention of many related chronic diseases and will decrease morbidity and mortality."	2.49	New medications for obesity management: changing the landscape of obesity treatment. ( Boulghassoul-Pietrzykowska, N; Franceschelli, J; Still, C, 2013)
"While treating obesity, those conditions are also managed."	2.49	Obesity drug therapy. ( Baretić, M, 2013)
"Obesity is an important causative factor in morbidity, disability and premature death."	2.49	A review of late-stage CNS drug candidates for the treatment of obesity. ( Gosden, J; Heal, DJ; Smith, SL, 2013)
"The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, with the U."	2.48	Recent advancements in drug treatment of obesity. ( Carter, R; Mouralidarane, A; Oben, J; Ray, S; Soeda, J, 2012)
"Phentermine hydrochloride is a noradrenergic sympathetic amine approved for decades by the U."	2.47	Phentermine/topiramate for weight reduction and treatment of adverse metabolic consequences in obesity. ( Bays, HE; Gadde, KM, 2011)
"Obesity is a chronic disease requiring a similar long term approach to management as that of other chronic conditions."	2.43	Weight loss medications--where do they fit in? ( Dixon, JB, 2006)
"Obesity is a chronic disorder that is associated with significant co-morbidity and early mortality."	2.42	Anorexigen-induced cardiac valvulopathy and female gender. ( Gross, SB; Naqvi, TZ, 2003)
"Sibutramine is a centrally-acting agent which enhances satiety and thermogenesis by inhibiting serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake."	2.41	Pharmacological management of obesity. ( Hanif, MW; Kumar, S, 2002)
"Obesity is a major health concern which must be treated."	2.40	Pharmacological approaches to intervention. ( Guy-Grand, B, 1997)
"This article focuses on the treatment of obesity and potential results."	2.40	Pharmaceutical treatment of obesity. ( Blackburn, GL; Chan, S; Miller, D, 1997)
"Obesity is a chronic disease, which similar to diabetes and hypertension, requires long-term treatment."	2.40	Obesity. ( Aronne, LJ, 1998)
"Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate."	2.40	Challenges in obesity management. ( Borrell, L; Foreyt, JP; Haddock, CK; Poston, WS, 1998)
"Pharmacological treatment of obesity has been neglected as a viable therapeutic option for many years."	2.39	Combined drug treatment of obesity. ( Atkinson, RL; Blank, RC; Loper, JF; Lutes, RA; Schumacher, D, 1995)
" In some patients, weight regain may be prevented by giving the drug long term but the complications of long-term administration have yet to be evaluated."	2.37	The current status of antiobesity drugs. ( Farquhar, DL; Galloway, SM; Munro, JF, 1984)
"Nearly 90% of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are either overweight or obese, placing them at high risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications."	1.72	Prevalence of Antiobesity Treatment and Weight-Inducing Antihyperglycemic Agents Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the United States. ( Kaur, N; Levin, A; Mainoo, NK; Perez, A, 2022)
" Chronic administration of experimental ED40 of 5-HTP/30 mg/kg carbidopa + phentermine, but not 5-HTP/30 mg/kg carbidopa + diethylpropion, increased the mitral valve leaflets area."	1.62	Anorectic interaction and safety of 5-hydroxytryptophan/carbidopa plus phentermine or diethylpropion in rat. ( Flores-Murrieta, FJ; Huerta-Cruz, JC; Lara-Padilla, E; Limón-Bernal, E; Reyes-García, JG; Roa-Coria, JE; Rocha-González, HI; Ruíz-Velasco, IRC; Zúñiga-Romero, Á, 2021)
"Obesity is a serious, chronic, relapsing disease of energy regulation, with strong genetic and early-life environmental determinants."	1.46	Pharmacotherapy for obesity. ( Dixon, J; Lee, PC, 2017)
"Obesity is a chronic disease universally defined as an excess of adipose tissue resulting in body mass index (BMI) > 30."	1.46	Obesity Epidemic: Pharmaceutical Weight Loss. ( Curry, SA, 2017)
"The cornerstones of treatment for obesity, and even more so for simple overweight, are dietary measures and physical exercise."	1.39	Topiramate + phentermine. An excessively dangerous appetite-suppressant combination. ( , 2013)
"Weight loss during pregnancy is therefore considered a risk factor."	1.38	Appetite suppressants in pregnancy. ( Hubičková Heringová, L; Kralova, T; Manakova, E, 2012)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the significant comorbidities of obesity."	1.37	Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Dakota: focused insight into prevalence, physiology and treatment. ( Eid, WE, 2011)
"Phentermine has been considered a relatively safe drug to treat obesity, and further investigation is needed to decide the safety and dosage of phentermine."	1.36	Pulmonary hypertension associated with use of phentermine. ( Bang, WD; Chang, HJ; Cho, SS; Jang, JY; Joung, B; Kim, JY; Oh, CM; Yu, HT, 2010)
"To evaluate the long-term impact of Medifast meal-replacement supplements (MMRS) combined with appetite suppressant medication (ASM) among participants who received 52 weeks of treatment."	1.35	Effectiveness of Medifast supplements combined with obesity pharmacotherapy: a clinical program evaluation. ( DiBartolomeo, JJ; Foreyt, JP; Haddock, CK; Poston, WS; Warner, PO, 2008)
"There were six cases of aortic regurgitation, two cases of mitral regurgitation, and three cases of combined aortic and mitral regurgitation."	1.30	A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation. ( Derby, LE; Jick, H; Jick, SS; Meier, CR; Vasilakis, C; Weinrauch, LA, 1998)
"Marked obesity is an independent risk factor for multi-system morbidity."	1.30	[Development of pulmonary hypertension and multi-valvular damage caused by appetite depressants]. ( Goldstein, SE; Levy, Y; Shoenfeld, Y, 1998)
" The hypothesis is proposed that this treatment is successful because of the dual and balanced increase in the bioavailability of the neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, in the nucleus accumbens."	1.29	Combined dopamine and serotonin agonists: a synergistic approach to alcoholism and other addictive behaviors. ( Hitzig, P, 1993)

Research

Studies (302)

Authors

Clinical Trials (17)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Adherence to Medication Use

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	39 (12.91)	18.7374
1990's	73 (24.17)	18.2507
2000's	37 (12.25)	29.6817
2010's	120 (39.74)	24.3611
2020's	33 (10.93)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Hall, ME	1
Cohen, JB	1
Ard, JD	2
Egan, BM	1
Hall, JE	1
Lavie, CJ	1
Ma, J	1
Ndumele, CE	1
Schauer, PR	1
Shimbo, D	1
Ryan, DH	7
Calderon, G	1
Gonzalez-Izundegui, D	1
Shan, KL	1
Garcia-Valencia, OA	1
Cifuentes, L	1
Campos, A	1
Collazo-Clavell, ML	1
Shah, M	1
Hurley, DL	1
Abu Lebdeh, HS	1
Sharma, M	1
Schmitz, K	1
Clark, MM	1
Grothe, K	1
Mundi, MS	1
Camilleri, M	3
Abu Dayyeh, BK	1
Hurtado Andrade, MD	1
Mokadem, MA	1
Acosta, A	2
Grunvald, E	1
DeConde, J	1
Levin, A	1
Kaur, N	1
Mainoo, NK	1
Perez, A	1
Kwon, YJ	1
Kwon, GE	1
Lee, HS	1
Choi, MH	1
Lee, JW	1
Tahrani, AA	1
Morton, J	1
Polyzos, SA	1
Goulis, DG	1
Giouleme, O	1
Germanidis, GS	1
Goulas, A	1
Nolan, BJ	2
Proietto, J	2
Sumithran, P	3
Pérez-Cruz, E	1
Guevara-Cruz, M	1
Ortiz-Gutiérrez, S	1
Luna-Camacho, Y	1
Guzmán-Aguilar, R	1
Briceño-Sáenz, G	1
González-Salazar, L	1
Flores-López, A	1
Dhillon, S	1
Griebeler, ML	1
Butsch, WS	1
Rodriguez, P	1
Lomeli, L	1
Kampert, M	1
Makin, V	1
Alwahab, UA	1
Borukh, E	1
Daigle, E	1
Bena, J	1
Pantalone, KM	1
Burguera, B	1
Sarayani, A	2
Hampp, C	2
Brown, JD	2
Donahoo, WT	2
Winterstein, AG	2
Jayaprakash, MS	1
Beavers, DP	1
Miller, GD	1
McNatt, S	1
Fernandez, A	1
Edwards-Hampton, SA	1
Iannone, A	1
Natale, P	1
Palmer, SC	1
Nicolucci, A	1
Rendina, M	1
Giorgino, F	1
Laviola, L	1
Di Leo, A	1
Strippoli, GFM	1
Nazzaro, P	1
Amatuzio, A	1
Baranello, S	1
Corvinelli, M	1
Di Cienzo, G	1
Principe, F	1
Trucillo, P	1
Buondonno, A	1
Vitagliano, C	1
De Stefano, F	1
Mital, S	1
Nguyen, HV	1
Hsia, DS	1
Gosselin, NH	1
Williams, J	1
Farhat, N	1
Marier, JF	1
Shih, W	1
Peterson, C	3
Siegel, R	1
Gorelik, E	1
Gorelik, B	1
Masarwa, R	1
Perlman, A	1
Hirsh-Raccah, B	1
Matok, I	1
Bourke, S	1
Morton, JM	1
Williams, P	1
Brown, SA	1
Izzy, M	1
Watt, KD	1
Tak, YJ	1
Lee, SY	1
Redmond, IP	1
Shukla, AP	4
Aronne, LJ	11
Suissa, K	1
Schneeweiss, S	1
Kim, DW	1
Patorno, E	1
Limón-Bernal, E	1
Roa-Coria, JE	1
Zúñiga-Romero, Á	1
Huerta-Cruz, JC	2
Ruíz-Velasco, IRC	1
Flores-Murrieta, FJ	1
Lara-Padilla, E	1
Reyes-García, JG	2
Rocha-González, HI	1
Lei, XG	1
Ruan, JQ	1
Lai, C	1
Sun, Z	1
Yang, X	1
Song, R	1
Harb, H	1
Elkind-Hirsch, KE	1
Chappell, N	1
Seidemann, E	1
Storment, J	1
Bellanger, D	1
Patel, M	1
Daboul, J	1
Iftikhar, S	1
Burmeister, C	1
Ambati, A	1
Moukarbel, G	1
Assaly, R	1
Márquez-Cruz, M	1
Kammar-García, A	1
Carrasco-Portugal, MDC	1
Barranco-Garduño, LM	1
Rodríguez-Silverio, J	1
Rocha González, HI	1
Gadde, KM	7
Pritham Raj, Y	1
Guo, F	1
Garvey, WT	5
Lee, PC	1
Dixon, J	1
Schoonjans, AS	1
Marchau, F	1
Paelinck, BP	1
Lagae, L	1
Gammaitoni, A	1
Pringsheim, M	1
Keane, MG	1
Ceulemans, B	1
Golden, A	1
Grabarczyk, TR	1
Bersoux, S	1
Byun, TH	1
Chaliki, SS	1
Poole, KG	1
Rebello, CJ	1
Nikonova, EV	1
Zhou, S	1
Fujioka, K	4
Smith, SR	3
Coulter, AA	1
Greenway, FL	6
Chukir, T	1
Saunders, KH	3
Nadolsky, KZ	1
McNeill, S	1
Almallouhi, E	1
Lowe, FJ	1
Turan, TN	1
Ritchey, ME	1
Harding, A	1
Hunter, S	1
Sager, PT	1
Kowey, PR	1
Nguyen, L	1
Thomas, S	1
Cainzos-Achirica, M	1
Rothman, KJ	1
Andrews, EB	1
Anthony, MS	1
Andrew, CA	1
Simonds, SE	1
Pryor, JT	1
Koegler, FH	1
Buch-Rasmussen, AS	1
Kelly, LE	1
Grove, KL	1
Cowley, MA	1
Paccosi, S	1
Cresci, B	1
Pala, L	1
Rotella, CM	1
Parenti, A	1
Lewis, KH	1
Fischer, H	1
Ard, J	1
Barton, L	1
Bessesen, DH	1
Daley, MF	1
Desai, J	1
Fitzpatrick, SL	1
Horberg, M	1
Koebnick, C	1
Oshiro, C	1
Yamamoto, A	1
Young, DR	1
Arterburn, DE	1
Tronieri, JS	1
Wadden, TA	6
Walsh, OA	1
Berkowitz, RI	5
Alamuddin, N	1
Gruber, K	1
Leonard, S	1
Chao, AM	1
Smith, SM	1
Meyer, M	1
Trinkley, KE	1
Holes-Lewis, KA	1
Malcolm, R	1
O'Neil, PM	1
Hermayer, K	1
Katsi, V	1
Marketou, M	1
Kallistratos, MS	1
Tousoulis, D	2
Makris, T	1
Manolis, AJ	1
Vardas, P	1
Kallikazaros, I	1
Annunziata, G	1
Checo, E	1
Belfield, U	1
Stumacher, R	1
Howland, RH	1
Murfin, M	1
Cosentino, G	1
Conrad, AO	1
Uwaifo, GI	1
Halpern, B	2
Faria, AM	1
Halpern, A	1
Hendricks, EJ	7
Srisurapanont, M	1
Schmidt, SL	1
Haggard, M	1
Souter, S	1
Mitchell, CL	1
De Marco, DG	1
Hendricks, MJ	1
Istratiy, Y	1
Rueda-Clausen, CF	1
Padwal, RS	1
Sharma, AM	1
Charakida, M	1
Finer, N	2
Block, JP	1
Choudhry, NK	1
Carpenter, DP	1
Fischer, MA	1
Brennan, TA	1
Tong, AY	1
Matlin, OS	1
Shrank, WH	1
Boulghassoul-Pietrzykowska, N	1
Franceschelli, J	1
Still, C	1
Kelly, EM	1
Tungol, AA	1
Wesolowicz, LA	1
Kim, GW	1
Lin, JE	1
Blomain, ES	1
Waldman, SA	1
Baretić, M	1
Winslow, D	1
Odeh, S	1
Weissman-Miller, D	1
Kushner, RF	2
Apovian, CM	3
Fleming, JW	1
McClendon, KS	1
Riche, DM	1
Hill, LG	1
Woloshin, S	2
Schwartz, LM	2
Jordan, J	1
Astrup, A	1
Engeli, S	1
Narkiewicz, K	1
Day, WW	4
Xiong, GL	1
Azebu, LM	1
Ueno, H	1
Nakazato, M	1
Hurt, RT	1
Edakkanambeth Varayil, J	1
Ebbert, JO	1
Dingwall, M	1
Moore, J	1
Finkelstein, EA	1
Kruger, E	1
Karnawat, S	1
Kyle, TK	1
Nadglowski, J	1
Hainer, V	2
Aldhoon-Hainerová, I	1
Neoh, SL	1
Haywood, CJ	1
Houlihan, CA	1
Lee, FT	1
Bray, GA	3
Cunningham, JW	1
Wiviott, SD	1
Bohannon, NJ	1
Rueger, M	1
Dvorak, RV	1
Troupin, B	2
Citrome, L	1
Rubio, MA	1
Shin, A	1
Vazquez-Roque, MI	1
Iturrino, J	1
Burton, D	1
O'Neill, J	1
Eckert, D	1
Zinsmeister, AR	1
Zimmerman, MP	1
Mehr, SR	1
Kakkar, AK	1
Dahiya, N	1
Kumar, RB	2
Alfaris, N	1
Minnick, AM	1
Hopkins, CM	1
Bragg, R	1
Crannage, E	1
Kolotkin, RL	2
Peterson, CA	3
Crosby, RD	2
Thomas, EA	1
Mcnair, B	1
Bechtell, JL	1
Ferland, A	1
Cornier, MA	1
Eckel, RH	1
Schwartz, J	1
Chaudhry, UI	1
Suzo, A	1
Durkin, N	1
Wehr, AM	1
Foreman, KS	1
Tychonievich, K	1
Mikami, DJ	1
Needleman, BJ	1
Noria, SF	1
Nuffer, W	1
Trujillo, JM	1
Megyeri, J	1
Cheshire, WP	1
Khera, R	1
Murad, MH	1
Chandar, AK	1
Dulai, PS	1
Wang, Z	1
Prokop, LJ	1
Loomba, R	1
Singh, S	1
Braverman-Panza, J	1
Thomas, CE	1
Mauer, EA	1
Rathi, S	1
Moldovan, CP	1
Weldon, AJ	1
Daher, NS	1
Schneider, LE	1
Bellinger, DL	1
Berk, LS	1
Hermé, AC	1
Aréchiga, AL	1
Davis, WL	1
Peters, WR	1
Mancini, MC	1
Igel, LI	1
Curry, SA	1
Shao, EX	1
Wilson, GJ	1
Ranganathan, D	1
Roth, JD	1
Trevaskis, JL	1
Wilson, J	1
Lei, C	1
Athanacio, J	1
Mack, C	1
Kesty, NC	1
Coffey, T	1
Weyer, C	1
Parkes, DG	1
Haddock, CK	2
Poston, WS	2
Foreyt, JP	2
DiBartolomeo, JJ	1
Warner, PO	1
Rader, WA	1
Steelman, GM	1
Westman, EC	2
Rothman, RB	4
McPhilomy, E	1
Halseth, AE	1
Burns, CM	1
Miller, S	1
Shen, LZ	1
Kaplan, LM	1
Bays, H	1
Bang, WD	1
Kim, JY	1
Yu, HT	1
Cho, SS	1
Jang, JY	1
Oh, CM	1
Joung, B	1
Chang, HJ	1
Kang, JG	1
Park, CY	1
Kang, JH	1
Park, YW	1
Park, SW	1
Delaet, D	2
Schauer, D	1
Allison, DB	2
Schwiers, ML	1
Shah, K	1
Villareal, DT	1
Gupta, AK	1
Wilbert, B	1
Mohundro, BL	1
Shaw, V	1
Andres, A	1
Eid, WE	1
Malgarini, RB	1
Pimpinella, G	1
Cohen, PA	1
Look, M	1
Schwiers, M	2
Bowden, CH	3
Surapaneni, P	1
Vinales, KL	1
Najib, MQ	1
Chaliki, HP	1
Bays, HE	1
Hiatt, WR	1
Thomas, A	1
Goldfine, AB	1
Gokce, N	1
Heal, DJ	1
Gosden, J	1
Smith, SL	1
Akie, W	1
Nau, JY	1
Mercer, SL	1
Bello, NT	1
Campbell, SC	1
Lauer, MS	1
Cameron, F	1
Whiteside, G	1
McKeage, K	1
Colman, E	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Use of a Virtual Weight Management Program for Prescription of Phentermine in Patients With Overweight or Obesity Compared to Standard Face to Face Visits[NCT04614545]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Completed
Comparison of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) and Once-weekly Exenatide (EQW), Co-administered or Alone, DAPA/ Glucophage (DAPA/MET ER) and Phentermine/Topiramate (PHEN/TPM) ER on Metabolic Profiles and Body Composition in Obese PCOS Women[NCT02635386]	Phase 3	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-22	Completed
A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Extension Study (From Study OB-303 [NCT00553787]) to Determine the Safety and Efficacy Of VI-0521 for the Long-Term Treatment Of Obesity in Adults With Obesity-Related Co-Morbid Conditions.[NCT00796367]	Phase 3	676 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 in the Treatment of Obesity in an Adult Population With BMI ≥ 35[NCT00554216]	Phase 3	1,267 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 in the Treatment of Obesity in Adults With Obesity-Related Co-Morbid Conditions[NCT00553787]	Phase 3	2,487 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-group, Pilot Study of 12-week Duration to Assess the Short-term Safety and Tolerability of Lorcaserin Plus Two Doses of Immediate-Release Phentermine-HCl Compared With Lorcaserin Alone in Overweight and Ob[NCT01987427]	Phase 4	344 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-30	Completed
Medications After Adolescent Bariatric Surgery Protocol for Inadequate Weight Loss Following Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Pilot Feasibility Study[NCT04572217]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to No available funding)
Moxibustion Combined With Characteristic Lifestyle Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Abdominal Obesity: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04501198]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-30	Not yet recruiting
The Efficacy and Safety of Electro-acupuncture for Abdominal Obesity: Original Study for a Multicenter, Randomized, Sham-controlled Trial[NCT04957134]		66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-22	Completed
Combining Lifestyle Modification and Liraglutide to Improve Weight Loss and Health Outcomes[NCT02911818]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 Relative to Placebo in Providing and Maintaining Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Adults[NCT00600067]	Phase 2	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Peripheral Pharmacodynamics of Phentermine-Topiramate in Obese Patients[NCT01834404]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Electroacupuncture Combined With Umbilical Moxibustion on Abdominal Obesity of Yang Deficiency: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04835181]		68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Use of the Medifast Meal Replacement Program for Weight Loss in Obese Patients: A Restrospective Chart Review of Three Medifast Weight Control Centers (MWCC)[NCT01662830]		446 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-04-30	Completed
Long-term Phentermine Pharmacotherapy: An Investigation for Symptoms of Dependence, Cravings, or Withdrawal[NCT01402674]		269 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Effect of Sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium Water Consumption on the Body Weight and Gut Microbiota Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients Under Low-calorie Diet[NCT02154230]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to failure to enroll)
[NCT00000506]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	1983-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Percentage of patients that took the medication as prescribed (NCT04614545)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Adherence to Weight Management Program

Intervention	Percentage of pts completed medication (Number)
Virtual Visits	93.3
Face to Face Visits	83.3

Assessed as percentage of patients who completed all visits (NCT04614545)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Change in Body Weight (Percentage)

Intervention	Percentage of completed patients (Number)
Virtual Visits	82.9
Face to Face Visits	62.9

The primary endpoint is mean change in body weight (%) from baseline (visit 1) to 12 weeks (visit 4) in body weight. (NCT04614545)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Percentage of Patients That Tolerated Full Dosage of Phentermine (37.5mg)

Percentage of Patients Who Achieved More Than 5% Weight Loss Over the Course of the Study (12 Weeks)

Absolute Body Weight

Intervention	mean change in body weight (%) (Mean)
Virtual Visits	-6.61
Face to Face Visits	-7.68

Intervention	Percentage of patients on full dose (Number)
Virtual Visits	85.7
Face to Face Visits	90

Intervention	Percentage of patients with >5% wt loss (Number)
Virtual Visits	64.7
Face to Face Visits	70.5

Treatment effect on body weight at 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Android-Gynoid Ratio (AGR) as Determined by DEXA

Intervention	kilogram (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	100.4
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	102.6
EQW Plus DAPA	99
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	101.2
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	97

treatment impact on measure of central adiposity as determined by android/gynoid ratio (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	1.07
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	1.02
EQW Plus DAPA	1.04
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	1.04
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	1.03

Treatment efficacy in reducing body mass at 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Central Adiposity (Waist Circumference)

Intervention	kilogram/meter squared (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	37.3
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	37.4
EQW Plus DAPA	36.7
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	37
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	35.3

Treatment effect on loss of central adiposity after 24 weeks (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Change in Percent Body Weight

Intervention	centimeters (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	104
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	101
EQW Plus DAPA	106
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	101.3
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	97

Treatment effect on change in percent body weight from baseline (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: Change from baseline (time 0) to study end (24 weeks)

Corrected First Phase Insulin Secretion (IGI/HOMA-IR)

Intervention	percentage change in body weight (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	3.8
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	1.5
EQW Plus DAPA	6.9
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	1.7
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	8.1

Treatment effect on insulin secretion from 0 to 30 minutes after glucose load corrected for by fasting insulin sensitivity. A higher score shows improved first phase insulin secretion in response to glucose (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) Levels

Intervention	index score (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	1.03
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	0.6
EQW Plus DAPA	0.91
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	0.7
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	1.1

Treatment effect on blood concentrations of DHEA-S (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Intervention	mcg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	165
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	187
EQW Plus DAPA	169
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	189
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	201

Treatment effect on DBP after 24 weeks (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Fasting Blood Glucose

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	81
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	79.8
EQW Plus DAPA	76
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	82
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	83.6

Treatment impact on fasting concentration of glucose in the blood (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Fasting Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA-IR)

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	91
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	93
EQW Plus DAPA	86.5
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	89
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM ER	91.4

Treatment effect on the ratio HOMA-IR which is insulin resistance measure derived from fasting blood glucose and insulin and is calculated by insulin (mU/ml)*glucose (mmol/L)/22,5. The higher thenumber the more insulin resistant. (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Free Androgen Index (FAI)

Intervention	index score (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	3.7
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	3.6
EQW Plus DAPA	2.6
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	3.3
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	3.4

Treatment effect on FAI calculated from total testosterone divided by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. A higher score indicates a worse outcome. (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Matsuda Sensitivity Index Derived From the OGTT(SI OGTT)

Intervention	index score (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	5.3
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	4.7
EQW Plus DAPA	5.2
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	5.7
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	5

The SI IOGTT is a measure of peripheral insulin sensitivity derived from the values of Insulin (microunits per milliliter) and Glucose (milligrams per deciliter) obtained from the OGTT and the corresponding fasting values. SI (OGTT) = 10,000/ [(G fasting x I fasting) x (G OGTTmean x I OGTTmean)], where fasting glucose and insulin data are taken from time 0 of the OGTT and mean data represent the average glucose and insulin values obtained during the entire OGTT. The square root is used to correct for nonlinear distribution of insulin, and 10,000 is a scaling factor in the equation. The higher value, the more sensitive to insulin. (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

OGTT Mean Blood Glucose (MBG)

Intervention	index score (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	3.1
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	3.6
EQW Plus DAPA	3.9
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	4.8
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	4.7

Treatment effect on MBG measured during the oral glucose tolerance test (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Oral Disposition (Insulin Sensitivity-insulin Secretion) Index

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	118
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	126.4
EQW Plus DAPA	112
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	119
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM ER	113

An estimation of β-cell compensatory function, the insulin secretion-sensitivity index (IS-SI) will be derived by applying the concept of the oral disposition index to measurements obtained during the 2-h OGTT and calculated as the index of insulin secretion factored by insulin sensitivity (ΔINS/ΔPG 30 x Matsuda SIOGTT) from the OGTT. A higher score shows improved pancreatic insulin responsiveness relative to resistance. (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Intervention	index score (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	471
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	311
EQW Plus DAPA	503
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	395
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	545

Treatment effect on SBP after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks treatment

Total Body Fat (%) by DEXA

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	123.6
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	123
EQW Plus DAPA	122
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	128
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	124

Treatment impact on percent total body fat by DEXA (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Total Cholesterol Levels

Intervention	percent fat mass (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	46.1
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	46.4
EQW Plus DAPA	45.8
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	46.1
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	45.2

Treatment effect on blood concentrations of total cholesterol (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Total Fat Mass (kg) Evaluated by DEXA

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	189
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	186
EQW Plus DAPA	185
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	192
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	178

Treatment impact on total fat mass by DEXA (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Total Testosterone Concentrations

Intervention	kilogram (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	47.6
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	47.8
EQW Plus DAPA	45.9
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	48
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	44.5

Treatment effect on blood concentrations of total testosterone (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Triglyceride (TRG) Levels

Intervention	ng/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	38.8
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	35
EQW Plus DAPA	42.6
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	39.5
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	45.5

Treatment effect on blood concentrations of triglycerides (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Trunk/Leg Fat Ratio by DEXA

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	130
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	132
EQW Plus DAPA	112
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	105
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	110

Treatment impact on trunk/limb ratio (measure of central adiposity) by DEXA (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR)

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	1.03
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	.95
EQW Plus DAPA	.93
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	.98
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	.99

Treatment impact on WHtR which is a measure of central adiposity (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	.64
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	.61
EQW Plus DAPA	.65
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	.61
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	.59

Treatment impact on central adiposity after 24 weeks (NCT02635386)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment

Percent Weight Change at End of Treatment, Week 108.

Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at End of Treatment, Week 108.

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56

Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at Week 56

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56

Percentage of Subjects With a Weight Loss of at Least 5% at Week 56 With LOCF

Percentage of Participants Reporting at Least One of Nine Adverse Events (AEs) of Main Interests That May Related to Serotonergic Reaction

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Exenatide Once Weekly (EQW )	.83
Dapagliflozin (DAPA)	.79
EQW Plus DAPA	.86
Dapagliflozin Plus Glucophage (MET ER)	.83
Phentermine /Topiramate (PHEN/ TPM) ER	.81

Intervention	percent weight loss (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-1.8
VI-0521 Mid	-9.32
VI-0521 Top	-10.5

Intervention	percent participants (Number)
Placebo	30
VI-0521 Mid	75.2
VI-0521 Top	79.3

Intervention	percent weight loss (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	1.55
VI-0521 Low	5.10
VI-0521 Top	10.92

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	17.3
VI-0521 Low	44.9
VI-0521 Top	66.7

Intervention	percent weight loss (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	1.24
VI-0521 Mid	7.81
VI-0521 Top	9.84

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	20.8
VI-0521 Mid	62.1
VI-0521 Top	70

The nine common serotonergic AEs were headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, dry mouth, diarrhea, vomiting, insomnia, and/or anxiety. (NCT01987427)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 12 (end of treatment)

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Greater Than or Equal to (>=) 5 Percent (%) Weight Reduction at Week 12

Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference and Hip Circumference at Week 12

Change From Baseline in Waist to Hip Circumference Ratio at Week 12

Mean Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE), Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and AEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation

Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Markedly Abnormal Laboratory Values

Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12

Change 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) - Mental Component Summary

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	37.2
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	42.3
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	40.5

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	28.2
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	59.0
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	70.9

Intervention	centimeter (cm) (Mean)
	Waist Circumference: Baseline	Waist Circumference: Change at Week 12	Hip Circumference: Baseline	Hip Circumference: Change at Week 12
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	114.0	-7.1	125.4	-6.2
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	112.2	-3.4	124.1	-2.8
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	112.2	-4.7	123.7	-3.6

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 12
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	0.91	-0.01
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	0.91	-0.01
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	0.91	-0.01

Intervention	kilogram (kg) (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 1	Change at Week 2	Change at Week 4	Change at Week 8	Change at Week 12
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	106.63	-1.97	-2.94	-4.44	-6.33	-7.55
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	105.33	-0.94	-1.56	-2.27	-2.87	-3.48
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	105.04	-1.36	-2.43	-3.81	-5.76	-7.00

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	TEAE	SAE	AEs leading to study drug discontinuation
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	54	1	9
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	50	0	4
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	52	2	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Gamma glutamyl transferase: high	Phosphorus: low	Potassium: high	Total bilirubin: high	Triglycerides: High	Uric acid: high	Hemoglobin: low	Lymphocytes: high	Neutrophils: low	White blood cell (WBC) count: low
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	2	0
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	1	1	3	1	1	0	1	0	1	0

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine 15 mg BID	-1.82	-2.75	-4.20	-6.03	-7.23
Lorcaserin 10 mg BID + Phentermine Placebo BID	-0.93	-1.47	-2.18	-2.77	-3.29
Lorcaserin 10mg BID+Phentermine 15mg QD+Phentermine Placebo QD	-1.28	-2.33	-3.68	-5.54	-6.69

"All sub scales are scored from 0 - 100, with higher scores indicating better health. Each component summary is a normed score with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the US general population. Higher scores indicate better health.~Z-scores are computed for each subscale, which are then converted into a component summary z-score using a weighted formula. The component summary z-score is then converted to a t-distribution with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10.~Scores are scaled to a T-score with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Scores above 50 indicate better health." (NCT02911818)
Timeframe: Randomization and 52 weeks

Change in 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) - Physical Component Summary

Intervention	T scores (Mean)
CMS-Alone	0.8
CMS-Liraglutide	4.5
Multi-Component Intervention	6.4

Change in C Reactive Protein

Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change in Fasting Glucose

Change in Fasting Insulin

Change in HbA1c

Change in HDL Cholesterol

Change in Heart Rate

Change in HOMA-IR

Intervention	T scores (Mean)
CMS-Alone	4.4
CMS-Liraglutide	2.1
Multi-Component Intervention	3.4

Intervention	mg/L (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-0.4
CMS-Liraglutide	-2.0
Multi-Component Intervention	-3.0

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-3.0
CMS-Liraglutide	-2.9
Multi-Component Intervention	-3.5

HOMA-IR is a measurement for insulin resistance and is calculated from: fasting insulin (U/L) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405. A decrease from baseline to the end of treatment, a negative value, indicates an improvement (NCT02911818)
Timeframe: Randomization and 52 weeks

Change in LDL Cholesterol

Change in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

PHQ-9 is scored based on a 0-27 scale in which higher scores indicate more severe depression. Values are summed to compute the total score. (NCT02911818)
Timeframe: Randomization and 52 weeks

Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

Change in Total Cholesterol

Change in Triglycerides

Change in Waist Circumference

Extension Study Primary Outcome: Percent Change in Re-randomization Weight

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in c-Reactive Protein

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Fasting Glucose

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Fasting Insulin

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in HbA1c

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in HDL Cholesterol

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Heart Rate

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in HOMA-IR

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in LDL Cholesterol

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Total Cholesterol

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Triglycerides

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Change in Waist Circumference

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

PHQ-9 is scored based on a 0-27 scale in which higher scores indicate more severe depression. Values are summed to compute the total score. (NCT02911818)
Timeframe: Re-randomization and 12 weeks

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: SF-36 - Mental Health Component

Extension Study Secondary Outcome: SF-36 - Physical Health Component

Percent Change in Baseline Weight

HbA1c Change From Baseline Week 0 to Week 56

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56

Buffet Meal Intake

"At visit 4 subjects underwent imaging to measure the volume of their stomach, fasting and after ingesting a liquid nutrient drink. Four hours after the liquid meal, subjects were invited to eat, over a 30-minute period, a standard all you can eat meal vegetable lasagna, vanilla pudding, and skim milk. The total Kcal of the food consumed was analyzed by using validated software." (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 13, approximately 4.5 hours after liquid meal

Change in Postprandial Gastric Volume

Change between postprandial and fasting whole gastric volume by 99mTc-SPECT Imaging. A noninvasive SPECT method was used to measure gastric volume during fasting and 32 min after a liquid nutritional supplement meal. Subjects reported to the clinic after an overnight fast. 99mTC was given by an intravenous injection in the forearm. The first fasting scan was obtained, and the study medication was given s.c. After 10 min, a 2nd fasting post medication scan was obtained, and the meal consumed; then two serial postprandial scans were obtained. Each scan required 9-12 min. Tomographic images of the gastric wall were obtained throughout the long axis of the stomach using a dual-head gamma camera that rotates around the body. This allows assessment of the radiolabeled circumference of the gastric wall, rather than the intragastric content. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 13, approximately approximately 30 min after liquid meal

Fasting Gastric Volume

Fasting whole gastric volume was measured by Technetium (99mTc)-SPECT Imaging. Subjects reported to the clinic after an overnight fast. 99mTC was given by an intravenous injection in the forearm. Tomographic images of the gastric wall were obtained throughout the long axis of the stomach using a dual-head gamma camera that rotates around the body. This allows assessment of the radiolabeled circumference of the gastric wall, rather than the intragastric content. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 13, approximately 10 minutes after Technetium (99mTC) injection

Fasting Ghrelin

Plasma gastrointestinal hormone total ghrelin was measured by radioimmunoassay. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, before liquid meal

Gastric Emptying of Solids Half-Time (T 1/2)

Gastric emptying of solids half-time is defined as the time for half of the ingested solids to leave the stomach. At visit 6 subjects took part in a gastric emptying by scintigraphy test. Subjects were given a scrambled egg breakfast with toast and a glass of milk. The eggs and milk contained a small amount of radioactive substance. At the completion of the meal, subjects stood in front of a special camera and pictures were taken at specific intervals. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 15, approximately 2 hours after radiolabeled meal was ingested

Maximum Tolerated Volume

At visit 5, subjects did a satiation/nutrient drink test. Participants recorded their sensations every 5 minutes using a numerical scale from 0-5, with level 0 being no symptoms, level 3 corresponding to fullness sensation after a typical meal, and level 5 corresponding to the maximal tolerated volume (maximum or unbearable fullness/satiation). This measure is the volume consumed when the fullness sensation reached level 5. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, approximately 30 minutes after liquid meal

Peak Postprandial Level of Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Plasma gastrointestinal hormone CCK was measured by radioimmunoassay based on an antibody with very low cross-reactivity to gastrin 17 and its sulfated counterpart, and to sensitivity to a concentration of 0.3 pmol/L. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, approximately 45 minutes after liquid meal

Peak Postprandial Level of Total Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Plasma gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, approximately 45 minutes after liquid meal

Peak Postprandial Level of Total Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY)

Plasma gastrointestinal hormone PYY was measured by radioimmunoassay. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, approximately 45 minutes after liquid meal

Postprandial Gastric Volume

Postprandial gastric volume was measured by 99mTc-SPECT Imaging. Subjects reported to the clinic after an overnight fast. 99mTC was given by an intravenous injection in the forearm. After the liquid meal tomographic images of the gastric wall were obtained throughout the long axis of the stomach using a dual-head gamma camera that rotates around the body. This allows assessment of the radiolabeled circumference of the gastric wall, rather than the intragastric content. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 13, approximately 30 minutes after liquid meal

Solid Gastric Emptying: Proportion of Meal Emptied at 2 Hours

At visit 6 subjects took part in a gastric emptying by scintigraphy test. Subjects were given a scrambled egg breakfast with toast and a glass of milk. The eggs and milk contained a small amount of radioactive substance. At the completion of the meal, subjects stood in front of a special camera and pictures were taken at specific intervals. This outcome measure is the proportion of the radiolabeled meal emptied at 2 hours. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 15, approximately 2 hours after radiolabeled meal was ingested

Solid Gastric Emptying: Proportion Remaining at 4 Hours

At visit 6 subjects took part in a gastric emptying by scintigraphy test. Subjects were given a scrambled egg breakfast with toast and a glass of milk. The eggs and milk contained a small amount of radioactive substance. At the completion of the meal, subjects stood in front of a special camera and pictures were taken at specific intervals. This outcome measure is the proportion of the radiolabeled meal remaining at 4 hours. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 15, approximately 4 hours after radiolabeled meal was ingested

Volume to Fullness

At visit 5, subjects did a satiation/nutrient drink test. Participants recorded their sensations every 5 minutes using a numerical scale from 0-5, with level 0 being no symptoms, level 3 corresponding to fullness sensation after a typical meal, and level 5 corresponding to the maximal tolerated volume (maximum or unbearable fullness/satiation). This measure was the volume consumed when the fullness sensation reached level 3. (NCT01834404)
Timeframe: Day 14, approximately 30 minutes after liquid meal

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	0.01
CMS-Liraglutide	-5.2
Multi-Component Intervention	-5.7

Intervention	uIU/mL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-1.5
CMS-Liraglutide	-1.1
Multi-Component Intervention	-1.5

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-0.3
CMS-Liraglutide	-0.5
Multi-Component Intervention	-0.6

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-1.3
CMS-Liraglutide	3.0
Multi-Component Intervention	2.0

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-7.4
CMS-Liraglutide	-5.3
Multi-Component Intervention	9.7

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-3.3
CMS-Liraglutide	-9.6
Multi-Component Intervention	-9.4

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-14.1
CMS-Liraglutide	-13.3
Multi-Component Intervention	-15.3

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-7.0
CMS-Liraglutide	-9.7
Multi-Component Intervention	-10.0

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-16.3
CMS-Liraglutide	-21.3
Multi-Component Intervention	-14.4

Intervention	cm (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-6.5
CMS-Liraglutide	-11.1
Multi-Component Intervention	-12.6

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
12-Week Extension Study: Phentermine Group	-1.6
12-Week Extension Study: Placebo Group	-0.1

Intervention	mg/L (Mean)
12-Week Extension Study: Placebo Group	-0.8
12-Week Extension Study: Phentermine Group	-0.6

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
12-Week Extension Study: Placebo Group	2.3
12-Week Extension Study: Phentermine Group	-2.4

Intervention	T scores (Mean)
12-Week Extension Study: Placebo Group	0.3
12-Week Extension Study: Phentermine Group	-1.2

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
CMS-Alone	-6.1
CMS-Liraglutide	-11.5
Multi-Component Intervention	-11.8

Article	Year
The Effect of Orlistat on Sterol Metabolism in Obese Patients. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Cholesterol; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Lactones; Lipase; Obesity; Orl	2022
Effect of Phentermine on Hepatic Steatosis in Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2022, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Diet, Reducing; Humans; Obesity; Phentermine; Pilot Projects	2022
The use of virtual visits for obesity pharmacotherapy in patients with overweight or obesity compared with in-person encounters. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2022, Volume: 30, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Phentermine; Prospective Studies; Weight Loss	2022
Impact on Cardiovascular Health of Using Phentermine/Topiramate in Combination With Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Super Obesity. The Journal of surgical research, 2023, Volume: 286 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Gastrectomy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Phentermine; Re	2023
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a fixed-dose combination of phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2020, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Obesity Agents; Child; Double-Blind Method; Fructose; Humans; Obesity; Phentermine;	2020
Exenatide, Dapagliflozin, or Phentermine/Topiramate Differentially Affect Metabolic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021, 09-27, Volume: 106, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female	2021
Three- and six-month efficacy and safety of phentermine in a Mexican obese population. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021, Volume: 59, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite Depressants; Humans; Mexico; Obesity; Phentermine; Prospective	2021
Effect of Lorcaserin Alone and in Combination with Phentermine on Food Cravings After 12-Week Treatment: A Randomized Substudy. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2018, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Benzazepines; Craving; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ob	2018
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2019, Volume: 96 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy,	2019
Evaluation of phentermine and topiramate versus phentermine/topiramate extended-release in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2013, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Combinations; Female; Fructose; Humans	2013
Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release. Diabetes care, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D	2014
Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release. Diabetes care, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D	2014
Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release. Diabetes care, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D	2014
Weight-loss therapy in type 2 diabetes: effects of phentermine and topiramate extended release. Diabetes care, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D	2014
Quantitative gastrointestinal and psychological traits associated with obesity and response to weight-loss therapy. Gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 148, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Anxiety; Body Image; Body Mass Index; Cholecystokinin; Cohort Stud	2015
Greater hunger and less restraint predict weight loss success with phentermine treatment. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Appetite; Breakfast; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Hunger; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Ph	2016
Effects of a meal replacement system alone or in combination with phentermine on weight loss and food cravings. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, Volume: 24, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Combined Modality Therapy; Craving; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans	2016
Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Appetite Depressants; Blood Pressure; Cyclobutanes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe	2010
A study of abrupt phentermine cessation in patients in a weight management program. American journal of therapeutics, 2011, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Phentermine; Substance With	2011
Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method	2010
Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2011, Apr-16, Volume: 377, Issue:9774 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Comorbidity; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; F	2011
Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2012, Volume: 95, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus;	2012
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of an oral, extended-release formulation of phentermine/topiramate for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in obese adults. Sleep, 2012, Nov-01, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite Depressants; Delayed-Action Prepara	2012
Comparison of continuous and intermittent anorectic therapy in obesity. British medical journal, 1968, Feb-10, Volume: 1, Issue:5588 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity; Phentermine;	1968
Effects on weight reduction and safety of short-term phentermine administration in Korean obese people. Yonsei medical journal, 2006, Oct-31, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Korea; Male; Obesity; Phentermine;	2006
Platelet alpha-adrenergic receptors in obesity: alteration with weight loss. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1983, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female	1983
A double-blind clinical trial in weight control. Use of fenfluramine and phentermine alone and in combination. Archives of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 144, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C	1984
A comparative study of phentermine and diethylpropion in the treatment of obese patients in general practice. Pharmatherapeutica, 1983, Volume: 3, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Diethylpropion; Family Practice; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Age	1983
Weight reduction in osteoarthritis using phentermine. The Practitioner, 1981, Volume: 225, Issue:1352 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity; Osteoarthritis; Phentermine	1981
Effects of diet, exercise and anorexigenic drugs on serum thyroid hormones. Endokrinologie, 1980, Volume: 76, Issue:3 Topics: Appetite Depressants; Diet, Reducing; Female; Humans; Mazindol; Obesity; Phenmetrazine; Phentermine;	1980
Lifestyle modification in the pharmacologic treatment of obesity: a pilot investigation of a potential primary care approach. Obesity research, 1997, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Affect; Appetite Depressants; Behavior Therapy; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fenfluramine; Human	1997
Pharmacologic induction of weight loss to treat type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Appetite Depressants; Behavior Therapy; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes M	1999
Echocardiographic improvement over time after cessation of use of fenfluramine and phentermine. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1999, Volume: 74, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Adult; Appetite Depressants; Body Mass Index; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiograp	1999
Echocardiographic prevalence of mitral and/or aortic regurgitation in patients exposed to either fenfluramine-phentermine combination or to dexfenfluramine. The American journal of cardiology, 1999, Dec-01, Volume: 84, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Blood Flow Velocity; De	1999
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Weight loss is correlated with an improved lipoprotein profile in obese postmenopausal women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2000, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Appetite Depressants; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol	2000
The effects of drugs used to treat obesity on the autonomic nervous system. Obesity research, 2000, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Appetite Depressants; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Basal	2000
Effect of a weight-reduction program on total and regional body composition in obese postmenopausal women. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, Volume: 904 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Appetite Depressants; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Body	2000
Open treatment of overweight binge eaters with phentermine and fluoxetine as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral therapy. The International journal of eating disorders, 2000, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy,	2000
A controlled trial of phentermine in obese diabetic patients. The Practitioner, 1977, Volume: 218, Issue:1308 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Obesity; Phentermine	1977
New techniques in office management of obesity. The Journal of international medical research, 1977, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, Reducing; Female; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Motivation; Obesity; Ph	1977
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Effects of a combined behavioral and pharmacological program on weight loss. International journal of obesity, 1979, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Behavior Therapy; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Patient Dropouts; Phentermine; Placebo	1979
Long-term weight control: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded multimodal intervention study. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fenfluramine; Follow-Up St	1992
Long-term weight control study. I (weeks 0 to 34). The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by fenfluramine plus phentermine versus placebo. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Exercise;	1992
Long-term weight control study. II (weeks 34 to 104). An open-label study of continuous fenfluramine plus phentermine versus targeted intermittent medication as adjuncts to behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Blood Pressure; Combined Modality Therapy; Diet, Reducing; Drug Therapy, Co	1992
Long-term weight control study. III (weeks 104 to 156). An open-label study of dose adjustment of fenfluramine and phentermine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem	1992
Long-term weight control study. IV (weeks 156 to 190). The second double-blind phase. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination	1992
Long-term weight control study. V (weeks 190 to 210). Follow-up of participants after cessation of medication. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination	1992
Long-term weight control study. VI. Individual participant response patterns. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fenflur	1992
Long-term weight control study. VII (weeks 0 to 210). Serum lipid changes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Double-Blind Method; Drug	1992
Long-term weight control study: conclusions. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Reducing; Drug Therapy, C	1992
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The anorectic effect of a long-acting preparation of phentermine (duromine). Psychopharmacologia, 1972, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Feeding Behavior	1972
Phentermine resin as an adjunct in medical weight reduction: a controlled, randomized, double-blind prospective study. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1972, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Appetite Depressants; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Constipation; Diet,	1972
Double-blind trial of anorectic agents. The Medical journal of Australia, 1969, Feb-22, Volume: 1, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphetamine; Appetite Depressants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dextroamphetam	1969
[Model for clinico-pharmacological experimentation with an appetite depressant. Clinical trial with a delayed-action preparation]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1968, Mar-31, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Appetite Depressants; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparation	1968
Double-blind comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects of Bionamin, phentermine compound, and placebo in the treatment of exogenous obesity. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1968, Volume: 10, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Appetite Depressants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Age	1968
Withdrawal depression in obese patients after fenfluramine treatment. British medical journal, 1972, Jul-01, Volume: 3, Issue:5817 Topics: Adult; Appetite; Appetite Depressants; Depression; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesit	1972
[Phentermine resinate in obesity. Clinical trial of Mirapront in adipose children]. Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1965, Sep-17, Volume: 107, Issue:38 Topics: Adolescent; Appetite Depressants; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, Reducing;	1965
Obesity in childhood. A controlled trial of anorectic drugs. Archives of disease in childhood, 1966, Volume: 41, Issue:217 Topics: Adolescent; Appetite Depressants; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Follow-	1966