phenobarbital has been researched along with Substance Withdrawal Syndrome in 235 studies
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "A randomized, double-blind controlled trial is reported comparing phenobarbital and clonazepam for the purpose of sedative-hypnotic taper in inpatients with chronic, nonmalignant pain." | 9.07 | Phenobarbital versus clonazepam for sedative-hypnotic taper in chronic pain patients. A pilot study. ( Lynn, P; Roy-Byrne, P; Sullivan, M; Toshima, M, 1993) |
| "This case is the first report of a patient who had phenobarbital (PB) withdrawal seizures after having been seizure-free for 3 years following temporal lobe surgery." | 7.75 | Phenobarbital withdrawal seizures may occur over several weeks before remitting: human data and hypothetical mechanism. ( Bidlack, JM; Morris, HH, 2009) |
| "A randomized, double-blind controlled trial is reported comparing phenobarbital and clonazepam for the purpose of sedative-hypnotic taper in inpatients with chronic, nonmalignant pain." | 5.07 | Phenobarbital versus clonazepam for sedative-hypnotic taper in chronic pain patients. A pilot study. ( Lynn, P; Roy-Byrne, P; Sullivan, M; Toshima, M, 1993) |
| "This case series suggests that phenobarbital for the management of benzodiazepine-resistant GHB withdrawal can be safe, even in general inpatient settings, and may avert the progression of delirium." | 4.31 | Phenobarbital to manage severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal: A case series. ( Brett, J; Ezard, N; Freeman, G; Nic Ionmhain, U; Ramanathan, J; Roberts, DM; Rodgers, C; Siefried, KJ, 2023) |
| "This case is the first report of a patient who had phenobarbital (PB) withdrawal seizures after having been seizure-free for 3 years following temporal lobe surgery." | 3.75 | Phenobarbital withdrawal seizures may occur over several weeks before remitting: human data and hypothetical mechanism. ( Bidlack, JM; Morris, HH, 2009) |
| "In the present study, the new low-affinity partial BZD-receptor agonist ELB 138 [former name AWD 131-138; 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-morpholino-imidazolin-2-one] was evaluated in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures." | 3.72 | Anticonvulsant efficacy of the low-affinity partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist ELB 138 in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures. ( Löscher, W; Potschka, H; Rieck, S; Rundfeldt, C; Tipold, A, 2004) |
| "Perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy may in part be due to withdrawal of the endogenous progesterone-derived neurosteroid allopregnanolone that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA(A)) receptor-mediated inhibition." | 3.71 | Enhanced anticonvulsant activity of neuroactive steroids in a rat model of catamenial epilepsy. ( Reddy, DS; Rogawski, MA, 2001) |
| "Neurocognitive performances were evaluated in 9 children with different types of epilepsy prior to and at least 6 months after discontinuation of phenobarbital." | 3.69 | Discontinuation of phenobarbital in children: effects on neurocognitive behavior. ( Devoti, M; Riva, D, 1996) |
| " Both of the mothers were on methadone maintenance for narcotic dependency prior to the diagnosis of pregnancy." | 3.68 | Diazepam abuse in pregnant women on methadone maintenance. Implications for the neonate. ( Hinderliter, SA; Sutton, LR, 1990) |
| "Sodium phenobarbitone (20 and 70 mg/kg) had a significant anticonvulsant action against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, which persisted for 21 days of treatment." | 3.68 | Changes in seizure threshold and aggression during chronic treatment with three anticonvulsants and on drug withdrawal. ( File, SE; Wilks, LJ, 1990) |
| "While cocaine is now used much more frequently than heroin by women of childbearing age, we have found that a significant number of mothers have abused both drugs during their pregnancy." | 3.67 | Perinatal outcome of infants exposed to cocaine and/or heroin in utero. ( Durand, DJ; Fulroth, R; Phillips, B, 1989) |
| "We studied 21 patients with complex partial seizures during phenobarbital (PB) or primidone withdrawal." | 3.67 | Seizures during barbiturate withdrawal: relation to blood level. ( Porter, RJ; Raubertas, RF; Theodore, WH, 1987) |
| "Female rats were given different doses of methadone for the whole duration of pregnancy." | 3.67 | Fetal addiction to methadone: postnatal abstinence syndrome and development of visual evoked potentials. ( Onofrj, M; Pinto, F; Pola, P; Tempesta, E; Torrioli, MG, 1986) |
| "Phenazepam given to rats in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally for a long (30 days) time ceased to produce the sedative effect, and discontinuation of the medication led to development of the so-called "recoil syndrome" characterized by general depression and disturbances of the conditioned-reflex activity." | 3.66 | [Experimental study of the "'rebound syndrome" following discontinuation of prolonged phenazepam administration and possibilities for preventing it]. ( Garibova, TL; Voronina, TA, 1981) |
| "Two cases concerning newborn infants whose mothers used phencyclidine (PCP) during pregnancy are described." | 3.66 | Neonatal manifestations of maternal phencyclidine (PCP) abuse. ( Bosu, SK; Modaniou, HD; Strauss, AA, 1981) |
| " To test the validity of this primate model, the effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital, and primidone on spontaneous seizures evaluated for 8 months with a Latin-Squar experimental design." | 3.65 | Efficacy of standard anticonvulsants in monkey model with spontaneous motor seizures. ( DuCharme, LL; Farquhar, JA; Huntsman, BJ; Lockard, JS; Uhlir, V, 1975) |
| " Future prospective studies or trials should focus on the standardization of PB dosing and outcomes." | 3.01 | Current evidence and clinical utility of phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. ( Choi, H; Colgan, B; Kistler, H; Mercado, F; Nishimura, Y, 2023) |
| "Secondary outcomes such as rates of seizures, hospital, and ICU length of stay (LOS), also were included." | 3.01 | Evaluation of phenobarbital based approach in treating patient with alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( AlRemeithi, R; Bronstein, D; Kartiko, S; Pourmand, A; Tran, QK, 2023) |
| "Phenobarbital and LZ were similarly effective in the treatment of mild/moderate alcohol withdrawal in the ED and at 48 hours." | 2.76 | A prospective, randomized, trial of phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines for acute alcohol withdrawal. ( Barnes, RL; Dery, RA; Hendey, GW; Mentler, P; Snowden, B, 2011) |
| "The most important factor determining seizure recurrence was continued therapy, which was the case for barbiturates, phenytoin and valproate." | 2.69 | Does withdrawal of different antiepileptic drugs have different effects on seizure recurrence? Further results from the MRC Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study. ( Chadwick, D, 1999) |
| " The two drugs were administered four times a day in double dummy conditions, according to a fixed-flexible decreasing dosage schedule (six days basic regimen)." | 2.66 | Double blind study on the efficacy and safety of tetrabamate and chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. ( Chabot, F; Chawla, S; Forest, JC; Garcin, F; Guay, D; Huot, J; Marquis, PA; Martin, S; Radouco-Thomas, S; Stewart, G, 1989) |
| "Five of those 42 neonates, however, had seizures within the first 14 days of life." | 2.65 | Opiate v CNS depressant therapy in neonatal drug abstinence syndrome. ( Doberczak, TM; Kandall, SR; Korts, DC; Mauer, KR; Strashun, RH, 1983) |
| " Further, this scoring system has been used by relating it to the dosage schedule of phenobarbital or paregoric as part of an ongoing research project designed to test the comparative usefulness of recommended treatments for neonates with abstinence symptoms." | 2.64 | Assessment and treatment of abstinence in the infant of the drug-dependent mother. ( Connaughton, JF; Emich, JP; Finnegan, LP; Kron, RE, 1975) |
| "Propofol is a viable alternative for patients refractory to benzodiazepines; however, the role of other agents remains unclear." | 2.53 | Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal. ( Cadiz, M; Doshi, MR; Holzhausen, JM; Natavio, A; Schmidt, KJ; Winegardner, JE, 2016) |
| "If primidone treatment is discontinued too quickly, withdrawal seizures may appear, some of which may be severe." | 2.42 | [Antiepileptic primidone shortly to be withdrawn from sale: change medication now]. ( Carpay, JA; de Haan, GJ; van Donselaar, CA, 2003) |
| " In order to use these effectively, the critical care nurse must be aware of the indications and controversies surrounding their use, the patho-physiologic conditions that impact on the disposition, and appropriate dosing and monitoring of these agents in the critical care setting." | 2.38 | Anticonvulsants: pharmacotherapeutic issues in the critically ill patient. ( Dupuis, RE; Miranda-Massari, J, 1991) |
| "The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has recently emerged as a serious medical complication of parenteral substance abuse." | 2.37 | Major medical problems and detoxification treatment of parenteral drug-abusing alcoholics. ( Novick, DM, 1984) |
| " The dosing of various drugs currently in use is also discussed." | 2.37 | The neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome: a brief review. ( Calabrese, JR; Gulledge, AD, 1985) |
| " In order to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels, it is suggested that a loading dose of 8 to 10 mg per kg be administered for 2 days followed by reduction of dosage to a maintenance level of 5 to 6 mg per kg with frequent monitoring of plasma phenobarbital concentrations." | 2.35 | Phenobarbital plasma levels in neonates. ( Pippenger, CE; Rosen, TS, 1975) |
| " Further research is needed to identify an optimal dosing strategy for TSCU patients at high risk for severe AWS." | 1.91 | Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Critically Ill, Surgical-Trauma Patients. ( Chau, T; Chuang, L; Goldenberg-Sandau, A; Igneri, L; Pham, C; Sensenig, R; Solomon, D, 2023) |
| "There was no incidence of delirium tremens or seizures and no difference in intubation rates ( p = 0." | 1.91 | Evaluation of phenobarbital for prevention of alcohol withdrawal in trauma patients. ( Dorfman, JD; Forni, A; Kip, LM; Li, I, 2023) |
| " The incidence of mechanical ventilation was 13 (28%) in the front-loaded dosing group vs." | 1.72 | Front-Loaded Versus Low-Intermittent Phenobarbital Dosing for Benzodiazepine-Resistant Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. ( Dodd, KW; Hanif, T; Rachid, M; Shah, P; Stegner-Smith, KL, 2022) |
| "Phenobarbital has been successfully used in the emergency department (ED) to manage symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, but few studies have reported outcomes for ED patients who receive phenobarbital and are discharged." | 1.72 | Return Encounters in Emergency Department Patients Treated with Phenobarbital Versus Benzodiazepines for Alcohol Withdrawal. ( Lebin, JA; Mudan, A; Murphy, CE; Smollin, CG; Wang, RC, 2022) |
| "Surgical-trauma critically ill patients who received phenobarbital monotherapy, loading dose followed by a taper regimen, for the management of AWS were included in this evaluation." | 1.62 | Phenobarbital Monotherapy for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Surgical-Trauma Patients. ( Ammar, AA; Ammar, MA; Becher, RD; Kassab, HS; Rosen, J, 2021) |
| "Phenobarbital was safe, not leading to severe adverse effects or requiring a higher level of care, and efficacious for the prevention and treatment of AWS in this cohort of psychiatric inpatients." | 1.56 | Evaluating the Use of Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients. ( Phan, SV; Waldee, E, 2020) |
| "Phenobarbital has been shown to be an effective adjunctive therapy for AWS, reducing benzodiazepine use, in the emergency department." | 1.56 | Phenobarbital and symptom-triggered lorazepam versus lorazepam alone for severe alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit. ( Lam, SW; Nguyen, TA, 2020) |
| " We propose the use of symptom-triggered phenobarbital for the treatment of AWS as a safe alternative to benzodiazepines." | 1.56 | The Safety and Utility of Phenobarbital Use for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. ( Cleven, KL; Healy, L; Koenig, S; Kohn, N; Mayo, PH; Narasimhan, M; Oks, M; Wei, M, 2020) |
| "The chronic use of alcohol can lead to the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD)." | 1.51 | Diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol. ( Agabio, R; Allosio, P; Amendola, MF; Arico', S; Balbinot, P; Caputo, F; Cimarosti, P; Fanucchi, T; Greco, G; Macciò, L; Meneguzzi, C; Mioni, D; Palmieri, VO; Parisi, M; Patussi, V; Renzetti, D; Rossin, R; Scafato, E; Testino, G; Vignoli, T; Zavan, V, 2019) |
| "Phenobarbital treatment was associated with decreased mortality, which might be confounded by somatic comorbidity among patients receiving chlordiazepoxide." | 1.43 | Phenobarbital compared to benzodiazepines in alcohol withdrawal treatment: A register-based cohort study of subsequent benzodiazepine use, alcohol recidivism and mortality. ( Askgaard, G; Fink-Jensen, A; Hallas, J; Madsen, KG; Molander, AC; Pottegård, A, 2016) |
| "Tet alleviates the phenobarbital withdrawal symptoms and protects the brain cells against apoptosis, which may be a result of the regulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bax." | 1.42 | Protective effects of tetrandrine on brain cells in phenobarbital-dependent and -withdrawn rats. ( Fu, P; Han, B; Wang, G; Ye, Y; Zhang, H, 2015) |
| " However, there is limited data on safe and effective detoxification protocols for benzodiazepine-dependent patients." | 1.38 | Safety and effectiveness of a fixed-dose phenobarbital protocol for inpatient benzodiazepine detoxification. ( Jacapraro, JS; Kawasaki, SS; Rastegar, DA, 2012) |
| " All patients were effectively treated with no serious adverse events." | 1.32 | Oral phenobarbital loading: a safe and effective method of withdrawing patients with headache from butalbital compounds. ( Biondi, D; Loder, E, 2003) |
| " The switch to oral agents must take into consideration the differences in potency, half-life, and oral bioavailability between the agents." | 1.29 | Outpatient therapy of iatrogenic drug dependency following prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. ( Deshpande, JK; Gregory, DF; Tobias, JD, 1994) |
| "The development of withdrawal seizures depended on repeated episodes of withdrawal, whereas repeated alcohol intoxication per se did not explain the development of seizures." | 1.28 | Convulsive behaviour during alcohol dependence: discrimination between the role of intoxication and withdrawal. ( Clemmesen, L; Hemmingsen, R; Ulrichsen, J, 1992) |
| "We used a pharmacokinetically derived phenobarbital dosing protocol to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients admitted to a family medicine inpatient service." | 1.28 | Pharmacokinetic dosing of phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. ( Gwyther, RE; Ives, TJ; Mooney, AJ, 1991) |
| "Spontaneous myoclonus in alcohol withdrawal is likely to represent diffuse cerebral hyperirritability during the withdrawal state." | 1.27 | Recurrent spontaneous myoclonus in alcohol withdrawal. ( Drake, ME, 1983) |
| " Rats were treated orally with MPB (maintenance dosage = 800 mg/kg X 2/day), PHB (100 X 2) or COD (50 X 2) twice a day (10:00 a." | 1.27 | Physical dependence on meprobamate after repeated oral administration in rats. ( Nakamura, H; Shimizu, M, 1983) |
| "A rat model of phenobarbital tolerance and physical dependence has been developed based on the 'maximally tolerable, chronically equivalent' dosing paradigm." | 1.27 | Phenobarbital tolerance and physical dependence: chronically equivalent dosing model. ( Boisse, NR; Gay, MH; Guarino, JJ; Ryan, GP, 1983) |
| " The principal pharmacokinetic parameters of guanfacine were greatly altered, with extended biotransformation and a decrease in the half-life compared to the values observed in other cases of severe renal insufficiency." | 1.27 | Pharmacokinetic aspects of guanfacine withdrawal syndrome in a hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure. ( Comoy, E; Fillastre, JP; Godin, M; Guerret, M; Kiechel, JR; Lavene, D, 1983) |
| "Behavior problems, such as withdrawal symptoms, were observed in neonates who eliminated PMD with short half-lives, while other infants with longer PMD half-lives or slower elimination because of nursing showed no such symptoms." | 1.27 | Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior. ( Helge, H; Koch, S; Kuhnz, W; Nau, H, 1988) |
| " the first dosing period was 42 dyas (6 weeks) in which drugs were repeatedly administered orally once daily, followed by a withdrawal period (7 days), the second dosing period was continued from the 50th-78th day in which the form and schedule of drug administration was as in the first dosing period." | 1.26 | [Studies on the physical dependence liability of chlorphenesin carbamate (author's transl)]. ( Aihara, H; Saito, S; Sasajima, M; Tanaka, Y; Tarumoto, Y, 1977) |
| "Three infants are presented who had withdrawal symptoms after prolonged, intrauterine exposure to diazepam." | 1.26 | Withdrawal symptoms in neonates from intrauterine exposure to diazepam. ( Bhatt, K; Rementería, JL, 1977) |
| " It is suggested that reduction of methadone dosage in late pregnancy results in reduced incidence of withdrawal but must be carefully carried out." | 1.26 | Observation and treatment of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. ( Chappel, JN; Davis, R; Gumpel, J; Madden, JD; Mejia, A; Zuspan, F, 1977) |
| " The blood and brain concentrations of PhB during the dosing period were reduced abruptly on the 3rd or 4th day, corresponding well with the time course changes in the development of tolerance shown by rotarod performance." | 1.26 | Tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates in mice reference to the data in rats. ( Hiramori, T; Tagashira, E; Urano, T; Yanaura, S; Yasukouchi, K, 1981) |
| " The results do not support the hypothesis, at least not in the case of dopamine, that a postjunctional supersensitivity to neurotransmitters is important for withdrawal symptoms after chronic administration of drugs inducing physical dependence." | 1.26 | Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striata during ethanol and barbiturate withdrawal. ( Kuschinsky, K; Seeber, U, 1976) |
| " Chronic administration of morphine, nicotine or phenobarbitone has previously been shown to inhibit rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity by increasing hepatic [NADPH], whereas subsequent withdrawal enhances pyrrolase activity by a hormonal-type mechanism." | 1.26 | The role of liver tryptophan pyrrolase in the opposite effects of chronic administration and subsequent withdrawal of drugs of dependence on rat brain tryptophan metabolism. ( Badawy, AA; Evans, M; Punjani, NF, 1981) |
| " Abrupt cessation of ethanol administration following 16 days of chronic administration was accompanied by moderate to severe tremoring, retching, vomiting, and one or more convulsions." | 1.26 | The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey. ( Tarika, JS; Winger, G, 1980) |
| "Phenobarbital was given orally at a rate of 120 mg/hr until a predetermined clinical end point of phenobarbital effect was achieved." | 1.26 | Barbiturate and hypnosedative withdrawal by a multiple oral phenobarbital loading dose technique. ( Janecek, E; Robinson, GM; Sellers, EM, 1981) |
| " By administering the phenobarbital as an initial single loading dose and closely monitoring the blood levels, maintenance dosing could easily be adjusted for variables in infant metabolism and pharmacologic effect." | 1.26 | Management of neonatal narcotic abstinence utilizing a phenobarbital loading dose method. ( Finnegan, LP; Hopkins, LE; Mitros, TF, 1979) |
| " Rats received phenobarbital- or barbital-admixed food on a graded-increase dosage schedule over 30-40 days." | 1.26 | Experimental barbiturate dependence. I. Barbiturate dependence development in rats by drug-admixed food (DAF) method. ( Izumi, T; Tagashira, E; Yanaura, S, 1978) |
| "Thrombocytosis was not related to withdrawal symptoms or treatment (phenobarbital or paregoric)." | 1.26 | Thrombocytosis and increased circulating platelet aggregates in newborn infants of polydrug users. ( Burstein, Y; Giardina, PJ; Kandall, SR; Peterson, CM; Rausen, AR; Siljestrom, K, 1979) |
| " Dosage supplements required can be calculated from the postinfusion rate of fall of serum phenobarbital." | 1.26 | Intravenous phenobarbital therapy in barbiturate and other hypnosedative withdrawal reactions: a kinetic approach. ( Bhushan, CM; Kapur, BM; Martin, PR; Sellers, EM; Whiteside, EA, 1979) |
| " The animals were made physically dependent by 5 weeks of twice daily "maximally tolerable" sodium pentobarbital dosing intragastrically." | 1.26 | Evaluation of anticonvulsants in barbiturate withdrawal. ( Boisse, NR; Okamoto, M; Rosenberg, HC, 1977) |
| "Generalized motor seizures and myoclonic jerks were the predominant convulsive manifestations." | 1.26 | Neonatal seizures associated with narcotic withdrawal. ( Herzlinger, RA; Kandall, SR; Vaughan, HG, 1977) |
| " Physical dependence on phenobarbital and diazepam was produced using the same dosage schedules as with morphine." | 1.25 | Physical dependence on morphine, phenobarbital and diazepam in rats by drug-admixed food ingestion. ( Suzuki, T; Tagashira, E; Yanaura, S, 1975) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 163 (69.36) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 23 (9.79) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 14 (5.96) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 15 (6.38) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 20 (8.51) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Lebin, JA | 1 |
| Mudan, A | 1 |
| Murphy, CE | 1 |
| Wang, RC | 1 |
| Smollin, CG | 1 |
| Staidle, A | 1 |
| Geier, C | 1 |
| Pistore, A | 1 |
| Penney, S | 1 |
| Bryce, R | 1 |
| Meyer, C | 1 |
| Bouchard, B | 1 |
| Shah, P | 1 |
| Stegner-Smith, KL | 1 |
| Rachid, M | 1 |
| Hanif, T | 1 |
| Dodd, KW | 1 |
| Bosch, NA | 2 |
| Law, AC | 1 |
| Walkey, AJ | 2 |
| Freeman, G | 1 |
| Siefried, KJ | 1 |
| Roberts, DM | 1 |
| Rodgers, C | 1 |
| Nic Ionmhain, U | 1 |
| Ramanathan, J | 1 |
| Ezard, N | 1 |
| Brett, J | 1 |
| Ware, LR | 1 |
| Schuler, BR | 1 |
| Goodberlet, MZ | 1 |
| Marino, KK | 1 |
| Lupi, KE | 1 |
| DeGrado, JR | 1 |
| Pham, C | 1 |
| Goldenberg-Sandau, A | 1 |
| Sensenig, R | 1 |
| Chau, T | 1 |
| Igneri, L | 1 |
| Solomon, D | 1 |
| Chuang, L | 1 |
| Nishimura, Y | 1 |
| Choi, H | 1 |
| Colgan, B | 1 |
| Kistler, H | 1 |
| Mercado, F | 1 |
| Terasaki, D | 1 |
| Kulick, B | 1 |
| Calcaterra, S | 1 |
| Ray, L | 1 |
| Pourmand, A | 1 |
| AlRemeithi, R | 1 |
| Kartiko, S | 1 |
| Bronstein, D | 1 |
| Tran, QK | 1 |
| Kip, LM | 1 |
| Forni, A | 1 |
| Dorfman, JD | 1 |
| Li, I | 1 |
| Ammar, MA | 1 |
| Ammar, AA | 1 |
| Rosen, J | 1 |
| Kassab, HS | 1 |
| Becher, RD | 1 |
| Mahmoud, S | 1 |
| Anderson, E | 1 |
| Vosooghi, A | 1 |
| Herring, AA | 1 |
| Murphy, JA | 1 |
| Curran, BM | 1 |
| Gibbons, WA | 1 |
| Harnica, HM | 1 |
| Crable, EL | 1 |
| Ackerbauer, KA | 1 |
| Clark, K | 1 |
| Drainoni, ML | 1 |
| Grim, V | 1 |
| Ieong, MH | 1 |
| Murphy, J | 1 |
| Nelson, AC | 1 |
| Kaucher, KA | 1 |
| Sankoff, J | 1 |
| Mintzer, D | 1 |
| Taub, J | 1 |
| Kehoe, J | 1 |
| Oks, M | 1 |
| Cleven, KL | 1 |
| Healy, L | 1 |
| Wei, M | 1 |
| Narasimhan, M | 1 |
| Mayo, PH | 1 |
| Kohn, N | 1 |
| Koenig, S | 1 |
| Caputo, F | 1 |
| Agabio, R | 1 |
| Vignoli, T | 1 |
| Patussi, V | 1 |
| Fanucchi, T | 1 |
| Cimarosti, P | 1 |
| Meneguzzi, C | 1 |
| Greco, G | 1 |
| Rossin, R | 1 |
| Parisi, M | 1 |
| Mioni, D | 1 |
| Arico', S | 1 |
| Palmieri, VO | 1 |
| Zavan, V | 1 |
| Allosio, P | 1 |
| Balbinot, P | 1 |
| Amendola, MF | 1 |
| Macciò, L | 1 |
| Renzetti, D | 1 |
| Scafato, E | 1 |
| Testino, G | 1 |
| Waldee, E | 1 |
| Phan, SV | 1 |
| Lee, JA | 1 |
| Duby, JJ | 1 |
| Cocanour, CS | 1 |
| Ibarra, F | 1 |
| Nguyen, TA | 1 |
| Lam, SW | 1 |
| Ghio, L | 1 |
| Cervetti, A | 1 |
| Respino, M | 1 |
| Belvederi Murri, M | 1 |
| Amore, M | 1 |
| Han, B | 1 |
| Fu, P | 1 |
| Ye, Y | 1 |
| Zhang, H | 1 |
| Wang, G | 1 |
| Lau, C | 1 |
| Watson, H | 1 |
| Cheong, J | 1 |
| Schmidt, KJ | 1 |
| Doshi, MR | 1 |
| Holzhausen, JM | 1 |
| Natavio, A | 1 |
| Cadiz, M | 1 |
| Winegardner, JE | 1 |
| Askgaard, G | 1 |
| Hallas, J | 1 |
| Fink-Jensen, A | 1 |
| Molander, AC | 1 |
| Madsen, KG | 1 |
| Pottegård, A | 1 |
| Dixit, D | 1 |
| Endicott, J | 1 |
| Burry, L | 1 |
| Ramos, L | 1 |
| Yeung, SY | 1 |
| Devabhakthuni, S | 1 |
| Chan, C | 1 |
| Tobia, A | 1 |
| Bulloch, MN | 1 |
| Riggan, MA | 1 |
| Hayman, K | 1 |
| Chen, BC | 1 |
| Hoffman, RS | 1 |
| Puening, SE | 1 |
| Wilson, MP | 1 |
| Nordstrom, K | 1 |
| Kailainathan, R | 1 |
| Wong, A | 1 |
| Greene, S | 1 |
| Koutsogiannis, Z | 1 |
| Bidlack, JM | 1 |
| Morris, HH | 1 |
| Hendey, GW | 1 |
| Dery, RA | 1 |
| Barnes, RL | 1 |
| Snowden, B | 1 |
| Mentler, P | 1 |
| Kawasaki, SS | 1 |
| Jacapraro, JS | 1 |
| Rastegar, DA | 1 |
| Weber, GM | 1 |
| Smerling, AJ | 1 |
| Saroyan, JM | 1 |
| Rosenberg, MH | 1 |
| Deerfield, LJ | 1 |
| Baruch, EM | 1 |
| Loder, E | 1 |
| Biondi, D | 1 |
| SCHMIDT, H | 4 |
| KLEINMAN, KM | 3 |
| GALLANT, DM | 1 |
| EDWARDS, CG | 1 |
| BISHOP, MP | 1 |
| GALBRAITH, GC | 1 |
| de Haan, GJ | 1 |
| Carpay, JA | 1 |
| van Donselaar, CA | 1 |
| Mauskop, A | 1 |
| Löscher, W | 2 |
| Potschka, H | 1 |
| Rieck, S | 1 |
| Tipold, A | 1 |
| Rundfeldt, C | 1 |
| O'brien, CP | 2 |
| Zeeberg, P | 1 |
| Olesen, J | 1 |
| Jensen, R | 1 |
| Kwon, P | 1 |
| Lefkowitz, W | 1 |
| Skinner, KK | 1 |
| Ewart, RB | 1 |
| Priest, RG | 1 |
| Tagashira, E | 6 |
| Hiramori, T | 3 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenobarbital Versus Ativan for Refractory Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit[NCT04156464] | Phase 4 | 142 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-07-06 | Recruiting | ||
| Impact of Long Term of Benzodiazepine Use on Psychiatric Manifestation in Neuropsychiatric Disease[NCT04792658] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-03-10 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Continuous Monitoring of Medication Overuse Headache in Europe and Latin America: Development and STAndardization of an Alert and Decision Support System[NCT02435056] | 690 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Pregnancy.[NCT03098407] | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-20 | Completed | |||
| Assessing the Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Newborn Behaviors and Withdrawal Signs in Newborns With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Pilot Study[NCT03890562] | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-09-04 | Completed | |||
| Donor Human Milk for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome[NCT02182973] | 12 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Examination of Palonosetron and Hydroxyzine Pre-treatment as a Possible Method to Reduce the Objective Signs of Experimentally-induced Acute Opioid Withdrawal in Humans: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study[NCT00661674] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Change in head circumference from day 1 to day 14 (cm/wk) (NCT02182973)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | cm/wk (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Donor Human Milk | 0.4 |
| Historical Control | 0.6 |
Minimum score:0; Maximum score 13. Higher scores mean more GI distress (NCT02182973)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Donor Human Milk | 39 |
| Historical Controls | 61 |
Change in weight from study day 1 to study day 14 (grams/day) Weight day 14 - weight day 1 divided by 14 (NCT02182973)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | grams/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Donor Human Milk | 19.1 |
| Historical Control | 20.5 |
"The OOWS is a 13-item instrument documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. Maximum score possible = 13, minimum score possible = 0. T=15 minutes post naloxone administration coordinates with T = 180 (min) for the entire study session.~OOWS scores at T=180 is the primary outcome measure of the study compared with baseline OOWS scores at T=-30 (30 minutes prior to study medication administration). Reported time frames are in relation to time past since administration of study medications.~Mean post-Naloxone OOWS scores (+/- SEM) were determined for pretreatment groups" (NCT00661674)
Timeframe: Change from baseline in OOWS score at 180 minutes (15 minutes post naloxone administration)
| Intervention | units on a scale (OOWS Scale) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.5 |
| Palonosetron | 1.0 |
| Palonosetron + Hydroxyzine | 0 |
"The SOWS score is composed of 16 subjective symptoms rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=not at all, 4=extremely) based on what subjects were experiencing at the time of testing. 15 minutes post naloxone administration coordinates with T = 180 (min) for the entire study session.~The highest score possible (64) would indicate that the individual was experiencing every symptom of opioid withdrawal to the fullest extent possible while the lowest score (0) would indicate that the individual was not experiencing any symptoms of opioid withdrawal.~Mean post-naloxone SOWS scores (+/- SEM) were computed for pretreatment groups: Placebo, palonosetron, and palonosetron with hydroxyzine" (NCT00661674)
Timeframe: Change from baseline in SOWS score at 180 minutes (15 minutes post naloxone administration)
| Intervention | units on a scale (SOWS Scale) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.0 |
| Palonosetron | 4.0 |
| Palonosetron + Hydroxyzine | 3.5 |
19 reviews available for phenobarbital and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Current evidence and clinical utility of phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies | 2023 |
Evaluation of phenobarbital based approach in treating patient with alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studie | 2023 |
Adjunctive Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Focused Literature Review.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; Substance W | 2021 |
Management and treatment of gamma butyrolactone withdrawal syndrome: a case report and review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Barbiturates; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Sy | 2014 |
Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Critical Care; Dexmedetomidine; Drug Thera | 2016 |
Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients.
Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Critical Illness; Dexmedetomidine; Ethanol; Humans; Length of Stay; Pheno | 2016 |
[Antiepileptic primidone shortly to be withdrawn from sale: change medication now].
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Drug and Narcotic Control; Epilepsy; Humans; Phenobarbital; Primidone; Substance Wi | 2003 |
Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Long-Term Care; Phenobarb | 2005 |
Long-lasting effects of early barbiturates on central nervous system and behavior.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Drug Tolerance; Enzyme Inducti | 1983 |
Major medical problems and detoxification treatment of parenteral drug-abusing alcoholics.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Alcoholism; Homosexuality; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infe | 1984 |
[The newborn infant of the drug-dependent mother. Review of literature and personal case reports].
Topics: Adult; Female; Fetal Diseases; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases | 1980 |
Phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1999 |
The neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome: a therapeutic challenge.
Topics: Barbiturates; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Disea | 1975 |
The effect of maternal narcotic addiction on the newborn infant.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Breast Feeding; Female; Fertility; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant Mo | 1977 |
Phenobarbital plasma levels in neonates.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Phenobarbital; Pilot Projects; Sei | 1975 |
Anticonvulsants: pharmacotherapeutic issues in the critically ill patient.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Brain Injuries; Carbamazepine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Ep | 1991 |
Benzodiazepine dependency discontinuation: focus on the chemical dependency detoxification setting and benzodiazepine-polydrug abuse.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule | 1990 |
The neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome: a brief review.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Narcotics; Opium; Phenobarbita | 1985 |
Narcotic poisoning of children (1) through accidental ingestion of methadone and (2) in utero.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Child; Child Care; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin | 1974 |
15 trials available for phenobarbital and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A prospective, randomized, trial of phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines for acute alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Chlordiazepoxide; Female; GABA Modulators; Humans; | 2011 |
Neonatal methadone withdrawal. Effect of two treatment regimens.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentra | 1983 |
[Experience with the use of new Bulgarian psychotropic drugs].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminopyrine; Aminoquinolines; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Dipyro | 1982 |
Opiate v CNS depressant therapy in neonatal drug abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Opium; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies | 1983 |
Phenobarbital versus clonazepam for sedative-hypnotic taper in chronic pain patients. A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Chronic Disease; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hospitalization; | 1993 |
Does withdrawal of different antiepileptic drugs have different effects on seizure recurrence? Further results from the MRC Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Drug Combinations; Epilepsy; Female; Human | 1999 |
Assessment and treatment of abstinence in the infant of the drug-dependent mother.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Opium; Phenoba | 1975 |
Double blind study on the efficacy and safety of tetrabamate and chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Chlordiazepoxide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinati | 1989 |
Activation levels, EEG, and behavioural responses.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Attention; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Neuropsychologic | 1986 |
[Double-blind study of the efficacy of tetrabamate and tiapride in the treatment of alcohol deprivation syndrome].
Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Benzamides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; E | 1985 |
Psychoactive drugs and sleep: withdrawal rebound phenomena.
Topics: Benzazepines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Methaqualone; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phenobarbital; | 1971 |
Length of treatment with anxiolytic sedatives and response to their sudden withdrawal.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Chlordiazepoxide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Female | 1973 |
Comparisons of hypnotic drugs.
Topics: Benzazepines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Phenobarbital; Placebos; Sleep; Substance Withdrawal | 1970 |
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes.
Topics: Chloral Hydrate; Chlordiazepoxide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Ethanol; Huma | 1971 |
The course of the heroin withdrawal syndrome in newborn infants treated with phenobarbital or chlorpromazine.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Phenobarbi | 1969 |
201 other studies available for phenobarbital and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Return Encounters in Emergency Department Patients Treated with Phenobarbital Versus Benzodiazepines for Alcohol Withdrawal.
Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studi | 2022 |
Phenobarbital and/or benzodiazepines for recurrent alcohol withdrawal: A self-controlled, retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Hypotension; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies; Substance Wi | 2022 |
A retrospective evaluation of phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines for treatment of alcohol withdrawal in a regional Canadian emergency department.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Canada; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Length of Stay; Phe | 2022 |
Front-Loaded Versus Low-Intermittent Phenobarbital Dosing for Benzodiazepine-Resistant Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Ethanol; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; | 2022 |
Phenobarbital for Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdra | 2022 |
Phenobarbital to manage severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal: A case series.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Delirium; Humans; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Wit | 2023 |
Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal in Critically Ill Patients.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Critical Illness; Delirium; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics a | 2023 |
Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Critically Ill, Surgical-Trauma Patients.
Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Critical Illness; Humans; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies; Substan | 2023 |
Phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal in the context of the opioid epidemic: a neglected caveat.
Topics: Alcoholism; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opi | 2023 |
Evaluation of phenobarbital for prevention of alcohol withdrawal in trauma patients.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Phenobarbital; Retrospectiv | 2023 |
Phenobarbital Monotherapy for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Surgical-Trauma Patients.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
Treatment of opioid and alcohol withdrawal in a cohort of emergency department patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Buprenorphine; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; | 2021 |
Implementation of a Phenobarbital-based Pathway for Severe Alcohol Withdrawal: A Mixed-Method Study.
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Length of Stay; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndr | 2021 |
Incorporating phenobarbital into your symptom-based benzodiazepine alcohol withdrawal protocol in the emergency department.
Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Phenoba | 2018 |
The Safety and Utility of Phenobarbital Use for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Medical Intensive Care Unit.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Critical Care Outcomes; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; I | 2020 |
Diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Chlormethiazole; Humans; Phenobarbital; Pr | 2019 |
Evaluating the Use of Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Humans; Inpatients; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Synd | 2020 |
Effect of early and focused benzodiazepine therapy on length of stay in severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Cohort Studies; Diazepam; Female; Huma | 2019 |
Single dose phenobarbital in addition to symptom-triggered lorazepam in alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; California; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studie | 2020 |
Phenobarbital and symptom-triggered lorazepam versus lorazepam alone for severe alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Central Nervous System Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethanol; Female; | 2020 |
Protective effects of tetrandrine on brain cells in phenobarbital-dependent and -withdrawn rats.
Topics: Animals; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Benzylisoquinolines; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chin | 2015 |
Poor neonatal adaptation following in-utero exposure to quetiapine and lamotrigine.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Infa | 2015 |
Phenobarbital compared to benzodiazepines in alcohol withdrawal treatment: A register-based cohort study of subsequent benzodiazepine use, alcohol recidivism and mortality.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Chlordiazepoxide; Cohort Studies; Ethanol; Female; GABA Modulato | 2016 |
Regarding "Phenobarbital for Acute Alcohol Withdrawal: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study".
Topics: Alcoholism; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Sy | 2016 |
Psychiatric Emergencies for Clinicians: Emergency Department Management of Benzodiazepine Withdrawal.
Topics: Aged; Benzodiazepines; Emergency Service, Hospital; Emergency Services, Psychiatric; Female; Flumaze | 2017 |
Recognition of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid withdrawal: Rapid progression and prolonged symptomatology.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Humans; Hydroxybutyrat | 2017 |
Phenobarbital withdrawal seizures may occur over several weeks before remitting: human data and hypothetical mechanism.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Middle Aged; Phenobarb | 2009 |
Safety and effectiveness of a fixed-dose phenobarbital protocol for inpatient benzodiazepine detoxification.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electronic Health Records; Female; GABA Mo | 2012 |
Pentobarbital withdrawal and treatment in an infant in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit.
Topics: Critical Care; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Pento | 2013 |
Two cases of severe gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal delirium on a psychiatric unit: recommendations for management.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive Agents; Clonazepam; Clonidine; Delirium; Hospitalization; H | 2003 |
Oral phenobarbital loading: a safe and effective method of withdrawing patients with headache from butalbital compounds.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Barbiturates; Behavior Therapy; Clinical Protocols; Combined Modality Therapy; | 2003 |
EFFECT OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION AND WITHDRAWAL OF BARBITURATES UPON DRINKING IN THE RAT.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Barbiturates; Phenobarbital; Rats; Research; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substa | 1964 |
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS AFTER ABRUPT CESSATION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC COMPOUNDS: CLINICAL CONFIRMATION IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENICS.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Biomedical Research; Phenobarbital; Phenothiazines; Placebos; Schizophrenia; S | 1964 |
Simplified butalbital withdrawal protocol.
Topics: Barbiturates; Clinical Protocols; Headache; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; Substanc | 2004 |
Anticonvulsant efficacy of the low-affinity partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist ELB 138 in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Bromides; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dru | 2004 |
Discontinuation of medication overuse in headache patients: recovery of therapeutic responsiveness.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Headache Disorder | 2006 |
Neonatal extrapyramidal movements. Neonatal withdrawal due to maternal citalopram and ondansetron use.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Citalopram; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lor | 2008 |
Phenobarbital withdrawal weight loss is in part independent of ingestion.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Humans; Phenobarbital; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; | 1966 |
Methaqualone addiction and delirium tremens.
Topics: Humans; Male; Methaqualone; Middle Aged; Paraldehyde; Phenobarbital; Promazine; Psychoses, Alcoholic | 1967 |
Enhancement of drug withdrawal convulsion by combinations of phenobarbital and antipsychotic agents.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Drug Combinations; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Ph | 1981 |
Effect of acute and chronic phenobarbital treatment on GABA and other amino acids contents in seven regions of the rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Liver; Male; Neurotransmi | 1982 |
Pharmacokinetic aspects of guanfacine withdrawal syndrome in a hypertensive patient with chronic renal failure.
Topics: Female; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Middle Aged | 1983 |
Relationship of plasma level and pharmacological activity of methadone.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rat | 1984 |
An evaluation of neonatal abstinence treatment modalities.
Topics: Central Nervous System Depressants; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infant, Newborn; In | 1984 |
The use of phenobarbital in treating abstinence in newborns exposed in utero to psychoactive agents.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Narcotics; Phenobarbital; Psychotropic Drugs; Su | 1984 |
Maternal drug use and the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for neonatal abstinence.
Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Narcotics; Opium; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdra | 1984 |
Case report of barbiturate-induced enhancement of methadone metabolism and withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Biotransformation; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Phenobarbital; Substan | 1984 |
Cross-physical dependence liability of psychotropic drugs in rats dependent on barbiturates.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Humans; Phenobarbital; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substan | 1983 |
Phenobarbital tolerance and physical dependence: chronically equivalent dosing model.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Str | 1983 |
Physical dependence on meprobamate after repeated oral administration in rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Codeine; Humans; Male; Meprobamate; Ph | 1983 |
The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Ataxia; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Humans; Macaca | 1980 |
Drug treatment of epilepsy.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Ethosuximide; Female; | 1981 |
[Epileptic seizures in chronic alcoholism].
Topics: Alcoholism; Epilepsy; Humans; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1983 |
Recurrent spontaneous myoclonus in alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Ethanol; Femal | 1983 |
Further studies on the acute dependence produced by morphine in opiate naive rats.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dep | 1982 |
Diazepam withdrawal seizures.
Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1982 |
An improved technique for the induction of barbiturate dependence in mice.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Disease Models, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; | 1980 |
[Neuropharmacological studies on drug dependence (II). Changes in spontaneous motor activity, EEG and brain monoamines during the period of dependence development and of abrupt withdrawal in rats, with special reference to circadian rhythm (author's trans
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Cocaine; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Humans | 1980 |
Barbiturate dependence and drug preference.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Choice Behavior; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Reinforcement Schedule; S | 1981 |
Barbiturate physical dependence in mice: effects on body temperature regulation.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature Regulation; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbr | 1981 |
[Experimental study of the "'rebound syndrome" following discontinuation of prolonged phenazepam administration and possibilities for preventing it].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Chlorpromazine; Conditioning, Clas | 1981 |
The role of liver tryptophan pyrrolase in the opposite effects of chronic administration and subsequent withdrawal of drugs of dependence on rat brain tryptophan metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Humans; Liver; Male; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate; Morphine; Naloxone; Nicotine; P | 1981 |
Tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates in mice reference to the data in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phenobarbital; Prohi | 1981 |
Barbiturate and hypnosedative withdrawal by a multiple oral phenobarbital loading dose technique.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Barbiturates; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Hypnotics an | 1981 |
Ictal effects of anticonvulsant medication withdrawal in epileptic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Middle | 1981 |
Neonatal manifestations of maternal phencyclidine (PCP) abuse.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mater | 1981 |
Withdrawal symptoms from chronic use of low-dose barbiturates.
Topics: Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Synd | 1980 |
Phenobarbitone and epilepsy.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1980 |
[Anxiolytic agents in alcoholism].
Topics: Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Barbiturates; Drug Combinations; Humans; Phenobarbital; Ps | 1994 |
[Acute liver failure following tetrabamate].
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Barbiturates; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Liv | 1995 |
Outpatient therapy of iatrogenic drug dependency following prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Topics: Child; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Infant; Lorazepam; Male; Methadone; Midazolam; | 1994 |
Detailed description of a successful outpatient taper of phenobarbital therapy.
Topics: Aged; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Phenobarbital; Seizur | 1994 |
Discontinuation of phenobarbital in children: effects on neurocognitive behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Attention; Child; Cognition Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 1996 |
Article on alcohol withdrawal practical.
Topics: Emergency Medical Services; Ethanol; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; Substance Withd | 1997 |
Changes in glutamate receptors, c-fos mRNA expression and activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity in the brain of phenobarbital-dependent and -withdrawn rats.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA-Bin | 1997 |
Elevated plasma clozapine concentrations after phenobarbital discontinuation.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Subs | 1998 |
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit mRNA level was decreased in rat brain during pentobarbital withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Hypnotics and Sedatives; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Phenobarbital; | 2000 |
A four year survey of neonatal narcotic withdrawal: evaluation and treatment.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child Development; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Israe | 2001 |
Brain responses to acute withdrawal in phenobarbital-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Cell Survival; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonis | 2001 |
A case of withdrawal from the GHB precursors gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emergencies; Humans; L | 2001 |
Enhanced anticonvulsant activity of neuroactive steroids in a rat model of catamenial epilepsy.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepinones; Desoxycorticosterone; Diazepam; | 2001 |
The effects of acute and chronic nicotine hydrogen (+)-tartrate administration and subsequent withdrawal on rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and their comparison with those of morphine, phenobarbitone and ethanol.
Topics: Animals; Cycloheximide; Dactinomycin; Ethanol; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Liver; Male; Morphine; NADP; | 1975 |
Barbiturate physical dependence in mice: effects of neuroleptics and diazepam on the withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Barbiturates; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Me | 1978 |
EEG changes after withdrawal of medication in epileptic patients.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; P | 1975 |
Barbiturate withdrawal and magnesium deficiency in mice.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Body Weight; Brain; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Mice; Mice | 1978 |
Management of neonatal narcotic abstinence utilizing a phenobarbital loading dose method.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, New | 1979 |
[Changes in the osmotic fragility of erythrocyte membrane in morphine- and phenobarbital-dependent rats (author's transl)].
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Fasting; Humans; Male; Morphine Dependence; Or | 1979 |
Barbiturate dependence in mice: effects of continuous vs. discontinuous drug administration.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; | 1977 |
Experimental barbiturate dependence. I. Barbiturate dependence development in rats by drug-admixed food (DAF) method.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Barbiturates; Behavior, Animal; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Postural Balance; | 1978 |
Barbiturate withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Barbiturates; Humans; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance- | 1979 |
Thrombocytosis and increased circulating platelet aggregates in newborn infants of polydrug users.
Topics: Amphetamine; Cocaine; Diazepam; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, | 1979 |
Intravenous phenobarbital therapy in barbiturate and other hypnosedative withdrawal reactions: a kinetic approach.
Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Middle Ag | 1979 |
The overtranquilized patient.
Topics: Humans; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; Psychotherapy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Relate | 1979 |
Interictal acute psychoses in temporal lobe epilepsy during withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy.
Topics: Adult; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Tempo | 1979 |
Evaluation of anticonvulsants in barbiturate withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dimethadione; Female; Humans; Male; Pentobarbital; | 1977 |
[Studies on the physical dependence liability of chlorphenesin carbamate (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Chlorphenesin; Dogs; Eating; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Su | 1977 |
Cross-dependence between phenobarbital and alcohol in rats.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Body Weight; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; | 1977 |
Prevention of ethanol withdrawal seizures in mice by local anesthetics and dextro-propranolol.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Ataxia; Behavior, Animal; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C | 1977 |
Brain noradrenergic systems as a prerequisite for developing tolerance to barbiturates.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Hydroxydopami | 1978 |
[Neuropharmacological studies on drug dependence (I). Effects due to the difference in strain, sex and drug administration time on physical dependence development and characteristics of withdrawal signs in CNS-affecting drug dependent rats (author's trans
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Conditioning, Classica | 1979 |
Management of narcotic withdrawal in neonates.
Topics: Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Narcotics; | 1978 |
Problems pertaining to the care of newborn infants of drug-addicted women.
Topics: Apnea; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Methadone; Narcotics; P | 1978 |
[Neonatal abstinence syndrome in children whose mothers were treated for epilepsy during pregnancy].
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, D | 1978 |
[Withdrawal of meprobamate and reduction of barbiturates in psychiatric patients (author's transl)].
Topics: Humans; Meprobamate; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1978 |
Prophylaxis with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in alumina-gel monkey model. II. Fourth-month follow-up period: seizure, EEG, blood and behavioral data.
Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; | 1976 |
Withdrawal symptoms in neonates from intrauterine exposure to diazepam.
Topics: Diazepam; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdra | 1977 |
Observation and treatment of neonatal narcotic withdrawal.
Topics: Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, New | 1977 |
Neonatal seizures associated with narcotic withdrawal.
Topics: Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Opium; Phenobarbital; Pregnanc | 1977 |
Increased CNS sensitivity to flurothyl as a measure of physical dependence in mice following morphine, phenobarbital, and ethanol treatment.
Topics: Animals; Ethanol; Flurothyl; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine Dependence; Phenobarbi | 1976 |
Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striata during ethanol and barbiturate withdrawal.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Alcoholism; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats | 1976 |
[Heroin withdrawal syndrome in newborns (author's transl].
Topics: Chloral Hydrate; Diazepam; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1976 |
Letter: Withdrawal symptoms in newborn infants of epileptic mothers.
Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pheno | 1975 |
Fetal addiction to pentazocine.
Topics: Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pentazoc | 1975 |
Neonatal abstinence syndrome: assessment and management.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antidiarrheals; Central Nervous System; Diazepam; Digestive System; Female; He | 1975 |
Acute management of neonatal addiction.
Topics: Antidiarrheals; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1975 |
Phenobarbital disposition in the neonate.
Topics: Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Phenobarbital; Seizures; S | 1975 |
The assessment of behavioral change in infants undergoing narcotic withdrawal: comparative data from clinical and objective methods.
Topics: Arousal; Attention; Central Nervous System; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infa | 1975 |
Effect of maternal heroin addiction on 67 liveborn neonates. Withdrawal symptoms, small body size, and small head circumference were frequent findings.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Cephalomet | 1975 |
Efficacy of standard anticonvulsants in monkey model with spontaneous motor seizures.
Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Feeding Behavior | 1975 |
Narcotic addiction in the newborn: differences in behavior generated by methadone and heroin.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Diazepam; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, New | 1975 |
Misuse and abuse of diazepam: an increasingly common medical problem.
Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Drug Prescriptions; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Male; Methadone; | 1975 |
The effects of ethanol on tryptophan pyrrolase activity and their comparison with those of phenobarbitone and morphine.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Ethanol; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Kynurenine; Liver; Ma | 1975 |
Physical dependence on morphine, phenobarbital and diazepam in rats by drug-admixed food ingestion.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Diazepam; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Levallorphan; Male; Morphine | 1975 |
Conditioned avoidance behavior in pretrained rats intermittently treated with addictive drugs.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Body Weight; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relation | 1975 |
The possible role of brain histamine and H1 and H2 receptors in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice.
Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Female; Histidine; Humans; Male; Metiamide; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mor | 1975 |
Neonatal narcotic abstinence: Effects of pharmacotherapeutic agents and maternal drug usage on nutritive sucking behavior.
Topics: Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Methadone; Opium; Phenob | 1976 |
Grand mal status epilepticus.
Topics: Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Ethanol; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Mid | 1992 |
Convulsive behaviour during alcohol dependence: discrimination between the role of intoxication and withdrawal.
Topics: Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred | 1992 |
Characteristic changes of the GABAA receptor in the brain of phenobarbital-dependent and withdrawn rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Male; Membranes; Muscimol; Phenobarbital; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Substance Withdra | 1991 |
Pharmacokinetic dosing of phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evalu | 1991 |
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Ethanol; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Lorazepam; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Substitution of psychoactive drugs in pentobarbital-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Arousal; Body Weight; Brain; Bromazepam; Bupropion; Diazepam; Dose-R | 1990 |
Phenobarbital as an adjunct for alprazolam withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Back Pain; Female; Headache; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdr | 1990 |
Diazepam abuse in pregnant women on methadone maintenance. Implications for the neonate.
Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseas | 1990 |
Changes in seizure threshold and aggression during chronic treatment with three anticonvulsants and on drug withdrawal.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Lorazepam; Male; Mice; Pentylenetetrazole; Phenobarbital; Phen | 1990 |
Effects of sodium phenobarbital on motor activity and exploration in the mouse: development of tolerance and incidence of withdrawal responses.
Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Exploratory Behavior; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Phenobarbital; Random All | 1990 |
The effects of chronic treatment and withdrawal of CNS depressants on aggressive behavior.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlordiazepoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabino | 1989 |
Comparison of the anticonvulsant efficacy of primidone and phenobarbital during chronic treatment of amygdala-kindled rats.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Electrodes, Implanted; Female; Kindling, Neuro | 1989 |
Perinatal outcome of infants exposed to cocaine and/or heroin in utero.
Topics: Cocaine; Drug Synergism; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microcep | 1989 |
Dependence on phenobarbital but not pentobarbital using drug-adulterated food.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Food Contamination; Male; M | 1989 |
Cerebral glucose utilization in rat brain during phenobarbital withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Deoxyglucose; Female; Glucose; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred S | 1989 |
The phenotypic stability of altered hepatic foci: effect of the short-term withdrawal of phenobarbital and of the long-term feeding of purified diets after the withdrawal of phenobarbital.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dietary Fats; Diethylnitrosamine; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Liver; Phenobarb | 1986 |
Medication management in patients with chronic non-malignant pain. A review of the use of a drug withdrawal protocol.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Methadone; | 1986 |
Prolonged CNS hyperexcitability in mice after a single exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Electroshock; Male; Mice; Phenobarbital | 1986 |
The effect of phenobarbital and carbamazepine on the ethanol withdrawal reaction in the rat.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Carbamazepine; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, In | 1986 |
Withdrawal of barbiturate anticonvulsant drugs: prospective controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsies, Partial; Epi | 1988 |
Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior.
Topics: Behavior; Epilepsy; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Phenobarbital; Primidon | 1988 |
Circadian manifestations of barbiturate habituation, addiction and withdrawal in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Models, Animal; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; | 1988 |
Seizures during barbiturate withdrawal: relation to blood level.
Topics: Humans; Phenobarbital; Primidone; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1987 |
Glucose uptake in brain during withdrawal from ethanol, phenobarbital, and diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Deoxyglucose; Diazepam; Ethanol; Glucose; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats | 1986 |
Intravenous phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal and convulsions.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 1987 |
Oral phenobarbital loading: a safe method of barbiturate and nonbarbiturate hypnosedative withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Barbiturates; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenobarbital; | 1987 |
Major withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of phenobarbital.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Unconsciousness | 1987 |
Withdrawal of phenobarbital and carbamazepine in epileptic patients: a preliminary neuropsychological report.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbamazepine; Cognition Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hum | 1986 |
Treatment of the barbiturate abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Barbiturates; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; Su | 1986 |
Fetal addiction to methadone: postnatal abstinence syndrome and development of visual evoked potentials.
Topics: Animals; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methado | 1986 |
Barbiturate tolerance and dependence: effects on synaptosomal sodium transport and membrane fluidity.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Biological Transport, Active; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Fluorescence Polarizat | 1985 |
Effects of chronic treatment with diazepam, phenobarbital, or amphetamine on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Male; Mice; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Nal | 1985 |
The effects of chronic phenobarbitone administration and subsequent withdrawal on the activity of rat liver tryptohan pyrrolase and their resemblance to those of ethanol.
Topics: Animals; Depression, Chemical; Ethanol; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kynuren | 1973 |
Late brain recovery processes after drug overdose.
Topics: Adult; Benzazepines; Brain; Delirium; Drug Tolerance; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Hypnot | 1970 |
Infant of the addicted mother.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Disea | 1973 |
[Apropos of a case of Gayet-Wernicke's encephalopathy in a latent epileptic. Centrophenoxine and thiamine. Electro-clinical contraindications].
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin | 1968 |
Anticonvulsant drugs in idiopathic epilepsy.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Hydantoins; Mepho | 1970 |
[Withdrawal syndrome in a six-week-old infant treated with dihydrocodeine (author's transl)].
Topics: Codeine; Dyspepsia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Morphinans; | 1974 |
Sedative-hypnotic dependence.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Attitude to Health; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug P | 1974 |
The effect of a methadone treatment program upon pregnant heroin addicts and their newborn infants.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Huma | 1974 |
[Drug dependence in rats: substitution test and sequential changes in body weight].
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Codeine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Meprobamate; Morphine; Morph | 1974 |
Programmed self-administration of potentially addictive drugs in young rats and its effects on learning.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Extinction, Psy | 1974 |
Temporal lobe epilepsy due to drug withdrawal.
Topics: Barbiturates; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Middle Aged | 1972 |
Alcohol, barbiturate, and bromide withdrawal syndromes in mice.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Barbiturates; Body Weight; Bromides; Diet; Disease Models, An | 1973 |
Newborn infants of mothers on methadone maintenance.
Topics: Body Weight; Camphor; Diazepam; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, D | 1974 |
A scoring system for abstinence syndrome in morphine dependent mice and application to evaluate morphine type dependence liability of drugs.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Meperidine; Methadone; Mi | 1973 |
Barbiturate withdrawal syndrome in a passively addicted infant.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I | 1972 |
[Tolerance and physical dependence producing liability of doxepin].
Topics: Amitriptyline; Animals; Body Weight; Diazepam; Dibenzoxepins; Drug Resistance; Humans; Imipramine; M | 1972 |
Treatment of neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Opium; Phenobarbita | 1973 |
Neonatal withdrawal following maternal ingestion of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl).
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Ethchlorvynol; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Dis | 1973 |
Observations on the sudden death of infants born to addicted mothers.
Topics: Adult; Death, Sudden; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; | 1973 |
Late presentation of drug withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
Topics: Birth Weight; Camphor; Diazepam; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant; Infant, | 1974 |
Narcotic withdrawal in the newborn infant.
Topics: Diazepam; Female; Fetus; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Mate | 1974 |
Letter: Glutethimide dependence: phenobarbital treatment.
Topics: Adult; Glutethimide; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1974 |
Infants exposed in utero to antiepileptic drugs. A prospective study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Amniotic Fluid; Anticonvulsants; Chro | 1974 |
Born with a habit. Infants of drug-addicted mothers.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Age Factors; Barbiturates; Camphor; Chlorpromazine; Codeine; Dia | 1974 |
Reduced threshold to pain induced aggression specifically related to morphine dependence.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Dextroamphetamine; Drug Synergism; Electroshock; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Morphin | 1974 |
An experimental investigation of dependence liability of methaqualone in rats.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 1974 |
Effects of barbiturate withdrawal on audiogenic seizure susceptibility in BALB-c mice.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Genetics, Behavioral; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phenobarbita | 1974 |
Maternal barbiturate utilization and neonatal withdrawal symptomatology.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Apgar Score; Barbiturates; Epilepsy; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin; Humans; Infan | 1972 |
Outpatient barbiturate withdrawal using phenobarbital.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Amobarbital; Barbiturates; Community Healt | 1972 |
Neonatal barbiturate withdrawal.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phenobarbital; | 1972 |
Narcotic withdrawal in the newborn.
Topics: Birth Weight; Chlorpromazine; Cocaine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, N | 1972 |
Observations on heroin and methadone withdrawal in the newborn.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newbo | 1971 |
Blood barbiturate levels in a patient dependent upon amylobarbitone sodium.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Amobarbital; Barbiturates; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenobarbital; Substan | 1971 |
[Treatment of the psychosyndrome of alcoholic withdrawal using Atrium].
Topics: Aggression; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Barbiturates; Depression; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Human | 1971 |
Heroin withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal E | 1970 |
A new method for treatment of barbiturate dependence.
Topics: Barbiturates; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Heroin; Humans; Meprobamate; Pentobarbital; Phenobarbital; | 1970 |
Treatment of barbiturate dependence.
Topics: Barbiturates; Female; Humans; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related | 1970 |
[Slight abstinence symptoms].
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance | 1970 |
Diagnosis and therapy of acute withdrawal from alcohol.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Alcoholism; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticonvulsants; Carbohydrate Metabolism; C | 1970 |
Phenobarbital withdrawal and behavioral disruption in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Gait; Humans; Learning; Locomotion; Male; Memory; Overlearning; P | 1970 |
Phenobarbital technique for treatment of barbiturate dependence.
Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Phenobarbital; Substance Withdra | 1971 |
VI. Catecholamine metabolism in the brain and adrenal medulla during addiction to morphine and in the early abstinence period.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; Cats; Dep | 1968 |
Effect of prior injection upon the subsequent drinking of phenobarbital in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Phenobarbital; Rats; Substance Withdrawal S | 1966 |