phenobarbital and Osteomalacia studies

Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.

Osteomalacia: Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Prolonged therapy with phenobarbital may cause vitamin D deficiency or osteomalacia."	7.74	Phenobarbital suppresses vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase expression: a potential new mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia. ( Ellfolk, M; Hosseinpour, F; Norlin, M; Wikvall, K, 2007)
"It has been reported that patients taking the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and/or phenobarbital may experience osteomalacia."	7.66	Prompt resolution of osteomalacia by switching from phenytoin to phenobarbital. ( Hawker, CD; Meier, DA; Stoffer, SS, 1980)
"Severe osteomalacia was present in two epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with congeners of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and acetazolamide."	7.65	Acetazolamide-accelerated anticonvulsant osteomalacia. ( Mallette, LE, 1977)
"Phenobarbital may cause hyperactivity, behavioral problems, sedation, and even dementia; these effects are dose related to some extent."	5.27	Side effects of phenobarbital and phenytoin during long-term treatment of epilepsy. ( Iivanainen, M; Savolainen, H, 1983)
"Prolonged therapy with phenobarbital may cause vitamin D deficiency or osteomalacia."	3.74	Phenobarbital suppresses vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase expression: a potential new mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia. ( Ellfolk, M; Hosseinpour, F; Norlin, M; Wikvall, K, 2007)
"Residents of an institution for the developmentally disabled in northwest Ohio receiving anticonvulsant therapy for six months or more with phenobarbital or phenytoin or both were studied for the prevalence of hypocalcemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase level."	3.67	Prevalence of hypocalcemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy. ( Nordlund, DJ; Rodgers, LA; Schmitt, BP, 1984)
"It has been reported that patients taking the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and/or phenobarbital may experience osteomalacia."	3.66	Prompt resolution of osteomalacia by switching from phenytoin to phenobarbital. ( Hawker, CD; Meier, DA; Stoffer, SS, 1980)
"Severe osteomalacia was present in two epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with congeners of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and acetazolamide."	3.65	Acetazolamide-accelerated anticonvulsant osteomalacia. ( Mallette, LE, 1977)
"Phenobarbital may cause hyperactivity, behavioral problems, sedation, and even dementia; these effects are dose related to some extent."	1.27	Side effects of phenobarbital and phenytoin during long-term treatment of epilepsy. ( Iivanainen, M; Savolainen, H, 1983)
" Treatment with 25 OH CC in high dosage brought about clinical, radiological and laboratory cure of osteomalacia in both cases, reducing the frequency of fits in the epileptic patient."	1.25	[4 cases of osteomalacia during anticonvulsant or sedative treatment]. ( Alcalay, M; Amor, B; Bontoux, D; Cayla, J; Charbonnier, A; Mery, C; Miravet, L; Rondier, J, 1975)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	42 (87.50)	18.7374
1990's	2 (4.17)	18.2507
2000's	3 (6.25)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.08)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Assenza, G	1
Campana, C	1
Tombini, M	1
Cosimo Quattrocchi, C	1
Giambattistelli, F	1
Benvenga, A	1
Pellegrino, G	1
Assenza, F	1
Vernieri, F	1
Di Lazzaro, V	1
Pascussi, JM	1
Maurel, P	1
Vilarem, MJ	1
Hosseinpour, F	1
Ellfolk, M	1
Norlin, M	1
Wikvall, K	1
Iivanainen, M	1
Savolainen, H	1
Wolschendorf, K	1
Vanselow, K	1
Möller, WD	1
Schulz, H	1
Schmitt, BP	1
Nordlund, DJ	1
Rodgers, LA	1
Stoffer, SS	1
Meier, DA	1
Hawker, CD	1
Baars, A	1
Baars, M	1
Beier, R	1
Bretschneider, T	1
Nasar, A	1
Kumar, N	1
Khwaja, GA	1
Gupta, M	1
Sharma, S	1
Tillmann, F	1
Kruppa, E	1
Grün, R	1
Blaschke, S	1
Delling, G	2
Goraya, JS	1
Gupta, PN	1
Gupta, RK	1
Bahadur, R	1
Parmar, VR	1
Johnell, O	1
Nilsson, BE	2
Wallöe, A	3
Wiklund, PE	1
Lidgren, L	2
Peterson, P	1
Gray, P	1
Tolman, KG	2
Shafer, RB	1
Nuttall, FQ	1
Alcalay, M	1
Amor, B	1
Bontoux, D	1
Cayla, J	1
Charbonnier, A	1
Mery, C	1
Rondier, J	1
Miravet, L	1
Dymling, JF	1
Mehregan, U	1
Krause, KH	1
Prager, P	1
Weisman, Y	1
Fattal, A	1
Eisenberg, Z	1
Harel, S	1
Spirer, Z	2
Harell, A	1
Rico Lenza, H	1
García Urra, D	1
Del Rio Vázquez, A	1
Espinos Pérez, D	1
Maclay, E	1
Hadden, DR	1
McIlrath, EM	1
Nesbitt, GS	1
Pierides, AM	1
Ellis, HA	1
Ward, M	1
Simpson, W	1
Peart, KM	1
Alvarez-ude, F	1
Uldall, PR	1
Kerr, DN	1
Nusinovici, V	1
Darnis, F	1
Levy, VG	1
Caroli, J	1
Hosking, DJ	1
Williams, A	1
Godwin-Austen, RB	1
Allison, SP	1
Ashworth, B	1
Horn, DB	1
Mallette, LE	1
Marsden, CD	1
Reynolds, EH	1
Parsons, V	1
Harris, R	1
Duchen, L	1
Sotaniemi, EA	1
Hakkarainen, HK	1
Puranen, JA	1
Lahti, RO	1
Watson, EL	1
Hahn, TJ	1
Birge, SJ	1
Scharp, CR	1
Avioli, LV	1
Schaefer, K	3
Kraft, D	3
von Herrath, D	3
Opitz, A	1
Koeppe, P	1
Lücking, T	1
Livingston, S	1
Pauli, LL	1
Bowden, AN	1
Wilczek, H	1
Hrba, J	1
Silinková-Málková, E	1
Pacovský, V	1
Flury, W	1
Burckhardt, P	1
Slomic, A	1
Szöts, F	1
Christiansen, C	1
Rodbro, P	1
Lund, M	1
Latorre, H	1
Kenny, FM	1
Ray, AK	1
Rao, DB	1
Weintraub, M	1
Lerman, P	1
Shor, S	1
Boagir, N	1
Borgstedt, AD	1
Bryson, MF	1
Young, LW	1
Forbes, GB	1
Linde, J	1
Molholm Hansen, J	1
Siersbaek-Nielsen, K	1
Fuglsang-Fredriksen, V	1

Article	Year
[Hepatic-cell enzyme induction using phenobarbital: applications to the treatment of jaundice]. Semaine des hopitaux. Therapeutique, 1976, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Enzyme Induction; Gilbert Disease; Hu	1976
Osteomalacia and anticonvulsant drugs. Nutrition reviews, 1971, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Epilepsy; Folic Acid; Humans; Liver; Osteomalacia; P	1971

Article	Year
Osteomalacic myopathy: an uncommon side effect of antiepileptic drugs. Muscle & nerve, 2013, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Carbamazepine; Cholecalciferol; Epilepsy; Humans;	2013
Response to Zhou et al. Osteomalacia is a frequent complication resulting from long-term therapy with drugs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2006, Volume: 116, Issue:10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Constitutive Androstane Receptor; Gene Expression; Humans; Osteomala	2006
Phenobarbital suppresses vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase expression: a potential new mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2007, Jun-08, Volume: 357, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; Const	2007
Side effects of phenobarbital and phenytoin during long-term treatment of epilepsy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1983, Volume: 97 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Endocrine Syst	1983
A quantitative determination of anticonvulsant-induced bone demineralization by an improved X-ray densitometry technique. Neuroradiology, 1983, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Bone and Bones; Carbamazepine; Dru	1983
Prevalence of hypocalcemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in patients receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy. The Journal of family practice, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Child; Female; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Male; Middle	1984
Prompt resolution of osteomalacia by switching from phenytoin to phenobarbital. Archives of internal medicine, 1980, Volume: 140, Issue:6 Topics: Calcium; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia;	1980
[Diagnosis of osteopathy caused by antiepileptic drugs]. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1981, Aug-01, Volume: 75, Issue:15 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Bone Diseases; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Femur; Han	1981
Phenobarbitone and epilepsy. British medical journal, 1980, Mar-22, Volume: 280, Issue:6217 Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital	1980
Antiepileptic drug induced osteomalacic myopathy with hyperparathyroidism and nephrolithiasis. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Electromyography; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Se	1993
[Increased fracture risk in a 67-year-old patient with hypocalcemia of unknown etiology]. Der Internist, 1999, Volume: 40, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Anticonvulsants; Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Fe	1999
Anticonvulsant induced osteomalacia. Indian pediatrics, 2000, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Osteomalacia; Ph	2000
Bone morphology in epileptics. Calcified tissue international, 1979, Oct-31, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Resorption; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	1979
Bone mineral content in epileptics. Calcified tissue international, 1979, Oct-31, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minerals; Muscle C	1979
Calcium balance in drug-induced osteomalacia: response to vitamin D. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1976, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Diet; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Ost	1976
Calcium and folic acid absorption in patients taking anticonvulsant drugs. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1975, Volume: 41, Issue:06 Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Epilepsy; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia	1975
[4 cases of osteomalacia during anticonvulsant or sedative treatment]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1975, Dec-23, Volume: 51, Issue:49 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hyp	1975
Biochemical variables related to calcium metabolism in epileptics. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1979, Volume: 205, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male;	1979
[The frequency of adult anticonvulsant osteomalacia in relation to duration of therapy and dosage of anticonvulsants (author's transl)]. Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 1979, Apr-12, Volume: 226, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; E	1979
Decreased serum 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in children receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy. British medical journal, 1979, Sep-01, Volume: 2, Issue:6189 Topics: Adolescent; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Humans; Hy	1979
[Anticonvulsants and osteopenia]. Revista clinica espanola, 1979, Oct-15, Volume: 155, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydantoins; Male; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Vitamin	1979
Hypocalcaemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in institutionalised mentally-retarded patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs: a survey of 292 patients. The Ulster medical journal, 1978, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalci	1978
Barbiturate and anticonvulsant treatment in relation to osteomalacia with haemodialysis and renal transplantation. British medical journal, 1976, Jan-24, Volume: 1, Issue:6003 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Barbiturates; Bone and Bones; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Kidney Transp	1976
Osteomalacia presenting as chorea. British medical journal, 1975, Jul-19, Volume: 3, Issue:5976 Topics: Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Chorea; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Humans; H	1975
Evidence of osteomalacia in an outpatient group of adult epileptics. Epilepsia, 1977, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Diet; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phenyto	1977
Acetazolamide-accelerated anticonvulsant osteomalacia. Archives of internal medicine, 1977, Volume: 137, Issue:8 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Mephobarbital; Osteomalaci	1977
Anticonvulsant osteomalacia. Archives of internal medicine, 1975, Volume: 135, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Bone and Bones; Humans; Male; Mephenytoin; Minerals; Osteomalacia; Phen	1975
Myopathy associated with anticonvulsant osteomalacia. British medical journal, 1973, Dec-01, Volume: 4, Issue:5891 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Back Pain; Depression; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Ergocalcife	1973
Radiologic bone changes and hypocalcemia with anticonvulsant therapy in epilepsy. Annals of internal medicine, 1972, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Back Pain; Calcium; Carbamazepine; D	1972
Calcium ATPase activity in drug-induced osteomalacia. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1973, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Erythrocytes; Humans; Mag	1973
Phenobarbital-induced alterations in vitamin D metabolism. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1972, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Enzyme Induction; Fema	1972
Intestinal absorption of vitamin D 3 in epileptic patients and phenobarbital-treated rats. Epilepsia, 1972, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cholecalciferol; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydroxylation; Int	1972
Influence of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin on vitamin D metabolism and calcium retention in rats. Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie, 1972, Volume: 158, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Carbon Isotopes; Cholecalciferol; Diuresis; Hyd	1972
[Severe rachitic osteopathy during long-term anticonvulsant treatment]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1973, May-18, Volume: 98, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Oral; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Biopsy; Calcium; Carbamazepine; Child;	1973
[Anticonvulsants and vitamin D metabolism (author's transl)]. MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1974, Sep-13, Volume: 116, Issue:37 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cholecalciferol	1974
Letter: Anticonvulsants and vitamin D metabolism. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1974, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Humans; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Primidon	1974
[Osteomalacia caused by anticonvulsive drugs case-report (author's transl)]. Sbornik lekarsky, 1974, Volume: 76, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Female; Humans; Male; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin	1974
[Osteomalacia due to a long-term antiepileptic treatment]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1972, Sep-23, Volume: 102, Issue:38 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Primi	1972
[Osteomalacia: new aspects of pathogenesis and treatment]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1973, Jul-28, Volume: 103, Issue:30 Topics: Calcium; Humans; Hydantoins; Hyperparathyroidism; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phosphorus; Rickets;	1973
[Severe osteomalacic rickets induced by antiepileptic drugs. Literature review apropos of a case]. Annales de radiologie, 1973, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Primidone; Rickets; V	1973
High-dosage intravenous calcium therapy for osteoporosis and osteomalacia in anticonvulsant therapy with hypomobilization. Pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 53, Issue:1 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Osteomalacia; Osteop	1974
Calcium metabolism in elderly epileptic patients during anticonvulsant therapy. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1974, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy;	1974
[Rickets and osteomalacia induced by anticonvulsant drugs]. Harefuah, 1974, May-15, Volume: 86, Issue:10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hydantoins; Israel; Osteomalacia; Phenobarbital; Rickets; Vitamin	1974
Long-term administration of antiepileptic drugs and the development of rickets. The Journal of pediatrics, 1972, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Diazepam; Ethosuximide; Female; Gluconates; Humans;	1972
Bone density in patients receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1971, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anticonvulsants; Calcium; Carbamazepine; Epilep	1971

phenobarbital and Osteomalacia

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