phalloidine and Liver-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Membrane; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Galactosamine; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Liver Diseases; Necrosis; Phalloidine; Rats

The pharmacological actions of (+)-cyanidanol-3 [(+)-flavan-3,3',4',5,7-pentol, (+)-catechin, Catergen) in various experimental liver diseases are described according to the recent available literature. On this basis the hepatoprotective activity of the drug is due to its stabilizing effect on biological membranes and its specific inhibitory activity on the Fe-ADP-, CCl4- and CBrCl3- stimulated lipoperoxidation in vitro and in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Benzopyrans; Catechin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Galactosamine; Lipid Peroxides; Liver; Liver Diseases; Membranes; Phalloidine

The present study examined the possible involvement of endogenous cyclooxygenase-derived factors in the lethality and hepatic hemorrhagic necrosis induced by phalloidin. Mice were pretreated with indomethacin, aspirin or ibuprofen (all inhibitors of cyclooxygenase) and injected with phalloidin (2 mg/kg). The toxin induced 75% lethality and caused severe hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver associated with increased serum levels of AST and ALT. Indomethacin completely prevented the mortality and hepatic damage elicited by phalloidin as judged by morphologic analysis and serum AST and ALT release. The in vitro addition of indomethacin to suspensions of freshly-isolated hepatocytes decreased plasma membrane bleb formation induced by phalloidin. In contrast to indomethacin, aspirin and ibuprofen did not influence phalloidin toxicity in vivo. These results suggest that inhibition of prostanoids per se may not be the sole mechanism of protection by indomethacin.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspirin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; Liver; Liver Diseases; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Phalloidine; Time Factors

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a potent cytokine with diverse effects, including the ability to stimulate lymphocyte differentiation into cells capable of lysing tumor. Its therapeutic efficacy is limited because of side effects such as breakdown of the microvascular barrier and edema. Control of the microvascular barrier is in part regulated by endothelial cell cytoskeletal contractile proteins. This study tests whether the cyclopeptides that maintain actin filament organization and distribution and reduce macromolecular flux across the endothelial cell junction in vitro would similarly maintain barrier tightness and prevent early edema produced by IL-2 in vivo. Anesthetized rats were treated at 30-min periods with intravenous saline (0.5 ml, n = 41), phalloidin (20 micrograms in 0.5 ml, n = 21), or antamanide, (20 micrograms in 0.5 ml, n = 21), starting 30 min before the 1-h infusion of 10(6) U of recombinant human IL-2 or saline. Six hours after the start of IL-2, there was edema in the saline/IL-2 group, as measured by increased wet-to-dry ratios (W/D) in the lungs, heart, and kidney. With saline/IL-2, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid contained an elevated protein concentration and higher plasma thromboxane levels compared with controls. The number of neutrophils sequestered in the lungs was more than twice that of saline controls. Phalloidin significantly attenuated edema in lung and reduced BAL protein leak. Antamanide treatment was as effective in limiting lung and heart edema, but, in contrast to phalloidin, antamanide prevented kidney edema and did not lead to an alteration in the liver W/D. Antamanide also prevented BAL fluid protein leak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Edema; Edema, Cardiac; Interleukin-2; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Male; Peptides, Cyclic; Phalloidine; Pulmonary Edema; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thromboxane B2

Smooth muscle antibodies with anti-actin specificity are commonly regarded as markers of autoimmune liver disease. However, there are interpretational problems because different techniques have been used for their identification and therefore the results are difficult to compare. The present paper reports the results of a new method for the identification of anti-actin antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of liver from rats chronically injected with phalloidin). The results have been compared with those obtained by four other techniques: demonstration by immunofluorescence of kidney peritubular reactivity (SMAT), of anti-microfilament antibodies (on HEp-2 cells and vinblastine-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis with purified muscle actin as antigen. The new method proved to be the most sensitive and specific. Furthermore, its reproducibility was found to be high, the interpretation easy and the cost low. The clinical significance of anti-actin antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease is also discussed.

Topics: Actins; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Liver; Liver Diseases; Muscle, Smooth; Phalloidine

Kolaviron, a fraction of defatted methanolic extract and biflavanones of Garcinia kola seeds significantly antagonized the lethal poisoning of mice with phalloidin. Garcinia biflavanones GB1, GB2 and kolaflavanone were isolated as the active constituents.

Topics: Animals; Female; Flavonoids; Liver Diseases; Mice; Oligopeptides; Phalloidine; Plants, Medicinal; Seeds

In rats, the hemorrhagic gastric erosions produced by ethanol, and the fatal hemorrhagic hepatic necrosis induced by phalloidin, were significantly reduced by regular somatostatin, but not by derivatives devoid of -SH containing cysteines. These effects of the hormone were abolished in animals which received, in addition, the sulfhydryl blocker n-ethylmaleimide before the toxic chemicals. Thus, somatostatin exhibits organoprotection dependent on endogenous sulfhydryls.

Topics: Animals; Ethanol; Ethylmaleimide; Hemorrhage; Liver Diseases; Phalloidine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Somatostatin; Stomach Diseases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Plasma protein profiles were investigated electrophoretically in rats with aminonucleoside-induced glomerular damage, uranyl-nitrate-induced tubular damage, phalloidin-induced hepatocyte membrane damage, adjuvant arthritis as a model of chronic inflammation, and phenyl isothiocyanate pleurisy as a model of acute inflammation. Characteristic profiles were observed for each experimental disease, and their development and seriousness could be evaluated. Similar studies are already routinely used in clinical investigations of human plasma.

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Isothiocyanates; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Phalloidine; Pleurisy; Puromycin Aminonucleoside; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Thiocyanates; Uranyl Nitrate

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Bile; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Flavonoids; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Phalloidine; Rabbits; Silymarin

Topics: Actins; Animals; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytoplasm; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Hyperplasia; Inclusion Bodies; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Oligopeptides; Phalloidine; Rats