Page last updated: 2024-11-02

perphenazine and Depression, Endogenous

perphenazine has been researched along with Depression, Endogenous in 48 studies

Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Viloxazine was generally well tolerated and side-effects, when they occurred, were generally a mild upper gastro-intestinal disturbance."2.64A placebo controlled trial of viloxazine with and without tranquillizers in depressive illness. ( Magnus, RV, 1975)
"Chronic mood disorders were also assessed using RDC criteria."1.26Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatient--diagnosis and response to pharmacotherapy. ( Prusoff, BA; Rounsaville, BJ; Sholomskas, D, 1980)

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199029 (60.42)18.7374
1990's12 (25.00)18.2507
2000's4 (8.33)29.6817
2010's3 (6.25)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Ramos-Zúñiga, R1
Pérez-Gómez, HR1
Gaytán-Martínez, LA1
Vega-Ruiz, B1
Soto-Rodríguez, S1
Rochín-Mozqueda, A1
Chakos, M1
Patel, JK1
Rosenheck, R1
Glick, ID1
Hammer, MB1
Tapp, A1
Miller, A1
Miller, D1
Jagota, P1
Asawavichienjinda, T1
Bhidayasiri, R1
Diaz, A1
Fouilloux, C1
Ortiz, S1
Rothschild, AJ2
Duval, SE1
MATTEY, WE1
NAHUNEK, K3
GREENFIELD, AR2
ERNST, EM1
MCLAUGHLIN, BE1
RYAN, F1
DRUCKER, T1
STORROW, HA1
PENNINGTON, VM1
KRIS, EB1
GERST, D1
COFFEE, HL1
HINTON, JM1
Dunlop, BW1
Sternberg, M1
Phillips, LS1
Andersen, J1
Duncan, E1
Berzewski, H1
Volsan, O1
Balss, G1
Frank, E2
Jarrett, DB1
Kupfer, DJ2
Grochocinski, VJ1
Rounsaville, BJ1
Sholomskas, D1
Prusoff, BA1
Rickels, K1
Csanalosi, I1
Werblowsky, J1
Weise, CC1
Weinstock, R1
Brown, AS1
Winokur, A1
Von Poelnitz, M1
Dilsaver, SC1
Domino, L1
Rubinow, DR1
Nelson, JC5
Linnoila, M1
George, L1
Guthrie, S1
Spiker, DG3
Hanin, I3
Perel, JM4
Cofsky, JE1
Rossi, AJ2
Sorisio, D1
Samson, JA1
Bessette, MP1
Carter-Campbell, JT1
Wright, S1
Young, AW1
Hellawell, DJ1
Anton, RF2
Burch, EA2
Amore, M1
Giordani, L1
Giorgetti, G1
Zazzeri, N1
Reynolds, CF2
Mazumdar, S2
Dew, MA1
Begley, A1
Houck, PR1
Hall, M1
Mulsant, B1
Shear, MK1
Miller, MD1
Cornes, C1
Maes, M1
De Meester, I1
Scharpe, S1
Desnyder, R1
Ranjan, R1
Meltzer, HY1
Mulsant, BH2
Foglia, JP1
Sweet, RA2
Rosen, J2
Lo, KH1
Pollock, BG2
Flint, AJ1
Rifat, SL1
Zubenko, GS1
Flynn, T1
Begley, AE1
Magnus, RV1
Loeb, C1
Roccatagliatà, G1
Besio, G1
Mazure, CM3
Jatlow, PI4
Bowers, MB3
Galdi, J1
Bonato, RR1
Coryell, W1
Moranville, JT1
Price, LH1
Dealy, RS2
Griffin, SJ2
Soloff, PH2
Weiss, JC2
Neil, JF1
Fink, M1

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Efficacy of Quetiapine in Treating Patients With Active Substance Use Disorder and Schizophrenia[NCT00156715]Phase 423 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Completed
Risperidone Long-Acting for Alcohol and Schizophrenia Treatment (R-LAST)[NCT00130923]Phase 495 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Clinical Symptoms

The main outcome measure of clinical symptoms was the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale. This is a 30 item scale for assessing patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Each item is rated on a 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme) scale. The minimum total score is 30 and the maximum is 210. (NCT00156715)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
QUET65.5

Mean Number of Drinking Days Per Week

Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) procedure was used at screening and baseline to establish current substance use, and it was also used weekly during the course of the study to assess continued alcohol and other substance use. TLFB cosisted of using a calendar and sasking participants to report alcohol and other drug use since last visit. At the screening visit, the TLFB was done for the four weeks prior to the visit. (NCT00156715)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks

InterventionDrinking Days per Week (Mean)
QUET2.7

Average Over Time of Frequency of Drinking Days (Used to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy)

Frequency of drinking days is obtained each week retrospectively as the number of drinking days during the prior week (assessed using the Timeline Followback). Mixed models are used to obtain estimates of efficacy from the partial data provided by each subject while adherent to assigned treatment (under the 'missing at random' assumption). The 'explanatory' estimands (target of the mixed model estimation) are defined in terms of population quantities that would have occurred had all subjects remained on assigned treatment throughout the study. The point estimate for each arm is reported under Number. (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventiondrinking days per week (Number)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)2.84
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperdal3.46

Average Over Time of Global Functioning (Used to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy)

A rater assesses social, occupational and psychological functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health - illness (using Global Assessment of Functioning); scores range from 100 to 1, where higher values represent a better outcome. Mixed models are used to obtain estimates of efficacy from the partial data provided by each subject while adherent to assigned treatment (under the 'missing at random' assumption). The 'explanatory' estimands (target of the mixed model estimation) are defined in terms of population quantities that would have occurred had all subjects remained on assigned treatment throughout the study. The point estimate for each arm is reported under Number. (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionordinal severity of impairment (Number)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)50.8
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperdal49.9

Average Over Time of Positive and Negative Symptoms (Used to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy)

A rater assesses positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia using a 30-item scale (Positive and Negative Symptom Score) Scores range from 30 to 210, where higher values represent a worse outcome. Mixed models are used to obtain estimates of efficacy from the partial data provided by each subject while adherent to assigned treatment (under the 'missing at random' assumption). The 'explanatory' estimands (target of the mixed model estimation) are defined in terms of population quantities that would have occurred had all subjects remained on assigned treatment throughout the study. The point estimate for each arm is reported under Number. (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionordinal severity of symptoms (Number)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)78.2
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperdal75.5

Average Over Time of Severity of Illness and Global Improvement (Used to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy)

A rater assesses the severity of illness and global impression using a scale from 1 to 7 (Clinical Global Impression), where higher values represent a worse outcome. Mixed models are used to obtain estimates of efficacy from the partial data provided by each subject while adherent to assigned treatment (under the 'missing at random' assumption). The 'explanatory' estimands (target of the mixed model estimation) are defined in terms of population quantities that would have occurred had all subjects remained on assigned treatment throughout the study. The point estimate for each arm is reported under Number. (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionordinal unit of severity (Number)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)4.02
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperal3.96

Change Over Time in Frequency of Heavy Drinking Days (Used to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy)

Frequency of heavy drinking days is obtained each week retrospectively as the number of heavy drinking days during the prior week (assessed by the Timeline Followback Scale). A heavy drinking day is defined as 4 or more drinks per day for a female and 5 or more drinks per day for a male. Mixed models are used to obtain estimates of efficacy from the partial data provided by each subject while adherent to assigned treatment (under the 'missing at random' assumption). The 'explanatory' estimands (target of the mixed model estimation) are defined in terms of population quantities that would have occurred had all subjects remained on assigned treatment throughout the study. The point estimate for each arm is reported under Number. (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionheavy drinking days per week (Number)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)-.11
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperal.68

Number of Participants With Medication Adherence

Number of participants with medication adherence (defined as taking medication at least 75% of the days in the treatment period). (NCT00130923)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Risperidone Long Acting Injectable (LAI)43
Oral Risperidone Aka Risperdal28

Reviews

1 review available for perphenazine and Depression, Endogenous

ArticleYear
[Pharmacological treatment of delusional depression].
    Minerva psichiatrica, 1996, Volume: 37, Issue:1

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Delusions; Depressive Disorde

1996

Trials

16 trials available for perphenazine and Depression, Endogenous

ArticleYear
Concomitant psychotropic medication use during treatment of schizophrenia patients: longitudinal results from the CATIE study.
    Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses, 2011, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Comorbidity; De

2011
Open trial study of a combined antidepressant (amitryptiline, perphenazine, diazepam) versus fluoxetine or imipramine in ambulatory depressed patients.
    Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 2002, Volume: 45

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amitriptyline; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents,

2002
How long should patients with psychotic depression stay on the antipsychotic medication?
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Antipsychotic Agents; Clinical Protocols; Depr

2003
[Multicenter study with a combination preparation of amitriptyline and perphenazine. Study of 48 established practicing neurologists].
    MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1983, Sep-02, Volume: 125, Issue:35

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Amitriptyline; Anxiety Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressiv

1983
Amitriptyline-perphenazine and doxepin in depressed outpatients: a controlled double-blind study.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 43, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Amitriptyline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind M

1982
Efficacy of the combination of fluoxetine and perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Amoxapine; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressi

1993
Response of psychotic depression subtypes to pharmacotherapy.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1993, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Amitriptyline; Amoxapine; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response

1993
High relapse rate after discontinuation of adjunctive medication for elderly patients with recurrent major depression.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1996, Volume: 153, Issue:11

    Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Depressive Disord

1996
The effects of perphenazine on the concentration of nortriptyline and its hydroxymetabolites in older patients.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Depressive Disorder; Drug Interactions

1997
The treatment of psychotic depression in later life: a comparison of pharmacotherapy and ECT.
    International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; D

1998
A double-blind randomized comparison of nortriptyline plus perphenazine versus nortriptyline plus placebo in the treatment of psychotic depression in late life.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:8

    Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Age Factors; Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic A

2001
A placebo controlled trial of viloxazine with and without tranquillizers in depressive illness.
    The Journal of international medical research, 1975, Volume: 3, Issue:3

    Topics: Depressive Disorder; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male;

1975
Amoxapine versus amitriptyline combined with perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 147, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Amoxapine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Dibenzoxa

1990
Relationship of adverse drug reactions to length of hospital-stay in genetically subgrouped schizophrenics.
    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1988, Volume: 33, Issue:9

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Me

1988
The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression: Part II.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1986, Volume: 6, Issue:6

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human

1986
The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 142, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amitriptyline; Bipolar Disorder; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delusions; Depre

1985

Other Studies

31 other studies available for perphenazine and Depression, Endogenous

ArticleYear
[Temporal lobe epilepsy and active neurocysticercosis: two representative case reports].
    Revista de neurologia, 2015, Jan-01, Volume: 60, Issue:1

    Topics: Albendazole; Anomia; Anthelmintics; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Carbamazepine; Citalopram

2015
Prevalence of neuroleptic-induced restless legs syndrome in patients taking neuroleptic drugs.
    Journal of the neurological sciences, 2012, Mar-15, Volume: 314, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cholinergic Antagoni

2012
Combination therapy for relief of anxiety and depression.
    Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1963, Volume: 5

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Perphena

1963
[The treatment of endogenous depression with perphenazine and trihexyphenidyl. Relation to extrapyramidal symptomatology].
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1962, Volume: 38

    Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Humans; Mental Disorders;

1962
Control of alcoholic agitation and depression with perphenazine and amitriptyline combined.
    Medical times, 1963, Volume: 91

    Topics: Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Perphenaz

1963
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION: TREATMENT IN GENERAL PRACTICE.
    Pennsylvania medical journal (1928), 1963, Volume: 66

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Family Practice; Female;

1963
CONTROL OF ALCOHOLIC AGITATION AND DEPRESSION.
    Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1963, Volume: 5

    Topics: Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Perp

1963
CLINICAL TRIALS WITH AMITRIPTYLINE AND PERPHENAZINE AMONG PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1964, Volume: 25

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Outpatients; Per

1964
DEPRESSION MASQUERADING AS APATHY.
    The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 1964, Volume: 62

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Apathy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Electronarcosis; Humans; Imipramine; Perphen

1964
THE PHRENOTROPIC ACTION OF PERPHENAZINE-AMITRIPTYLINE.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1964, Volume: 120

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Biomedical Research; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Drug Combinations; Hum

1964
COMBINED PERPHENAZINE-AMITRIPTYLINE AS ADJUVANT THERAPY IN PSYCHIATRIC AFTERCARE.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1964, Volume: 121

    Topics: Aftercare; Amitriptyline; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy; Humans;

1964
COMBINED AMITRIPTYLINE AND PERPHENAZINE IN COMBINED DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY.
    Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1964, Volume: 53

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Anxiety; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Drug Therapy; Humans; Perphenazine; Toxicol

1964
A comparison of perphenazine, ('fentazin') sodium amylobarbitone and a placebo in anxious and depressed out-patients.
    The Journal of mental science, 1959, Volume: 105

    Topics: Amobarbital; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Outpatients; Perph

1959
[Clinical experiences with Perphenazine and Trihexyphenidyl in endogenous depression].
    Activitas nervosa superior, 1962, Volume: 4

    Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Perphenazine; Trihexyphenidyl

1962
[On the use of perphenazine in melancholic depression].
    Activitas nervosa superior, 1961, Volume: 3

    Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Perphenazine

1961
Disturbed glucose metabolism among patients taking olanzapine and typical antipsychotics.
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2003,Summer, Volume: 37, Issue:3

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes

2003
Biological and clinical predictors of response in recurrent depression: a preliminary report.
    Psychiatry research, 1984, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Combined Modality Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Drug Therapy, Combination;

1984
Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatient--diagnosis and response to pharmacotherapy.
    Journal of affective disorders, 1980, Volume: 2, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Amitriptyline; Chronic Disease; Cyclothymic Disorder; Depress

1980
Is amitriptyline + perphenazine superior to doxepin?
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 44, Issue:5

    Topics: Ambulatory Care; Amitriptyline; Depressive Disorder; Doxepin; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combi

1983
Tricyclic exacerbation of undiagnosed diabetic uropathy.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathi

1982
Interaction between antidepressants and perphenazine in psychiatric inpatients.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 139, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug

1982
Pharmacological treatment of delusional depressives.
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1982, Volume: 18, Issue:4

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human

1982
Sequential Cotard and Capgras delusions.
    The British journal of clinical psychology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Brain; Capgras Syndrome; Carbamazepine; Chlorpromazine; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Elect

1993
Alterations in plasma dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity in depression and schizophrenia: effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1996, Volume: 93, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Dipeptidy

1996
[Variations in the urinary level of MHPG in depressive syndromes].
    Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie, 1979, Volume: 125, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Anxiety; Depression; Depressive Disorder

1979
Drug-responsive symptoms during early neuroleptic treatment.
    Psychiatry research, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Benztropine; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Th

1992
Plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA) as a predictor of clinical response in acute psychosis.
    Biological psychiatry, 1991, Sep-01, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depressive

1991
Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1990, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Haloperidol; Homovan

1990
Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1990, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Haloperidol; Homovan

1990
Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1990, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Haloperidol; Homovan

1990
Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1990, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Haloperidol; Homovan

1990
Alprazolam for psychotic depression.
    Biological psychiatry, 1989, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Amitriptyline; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Perphenazine; Psycholog

1989
Neuroleptic dose and desipramine concentrations during combined treatment of unipolar delusional depression.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1986, Volume: 143, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Drug Administration

1986
A "gratuitous" conclusion on ECT.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 142, Issue:9

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Perphenazine; Pros

1985