perfluoro-1-4-7-10-13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane and Disease-Models--Animal

Placental hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key drivers in complications during fetal development such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. In order to study the mechanisms of disease in mouse models, the development of quantitative biomarkers of placental hypoxia is a prerequisite. The goal of this exploratory study was to establish a technique to noninvasively characterize placental partial pressure of oxygen (PO

Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Crown Ethers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fluorine; Galectin 1; Hypoxia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Knockout; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Phenotype; Placenta; Pregnancy; Respiration

We explored the use of a perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether nanoemulsion (PFC) for measuring tissue oxygenation using a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment.. Seventeen C57BL/6 mice underwent stereotactic injection of PFC coupled to a fluorophore into the striatum and corpus callosum. Combined 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to localize the PFC and R. R. Despite remaining technical challenges, intracerebrally injected PFC is suitable for monitoring brain oxygenation in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Calibration; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Corpus Callosum; Corpus Striatum; Crown Ethers; Disease Models, Animal; Emulsions; Fluorine; Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fluorocarbons; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nanoparticles; Oxygen; Radio Waves; Reproducibility of Results

To test the hypothesis that retinal hypoxia is present during vascular development in normal rat pups and in a newborn rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).. Preretinal vitreous PO(2) measurements were made during room air breathing using (19)F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and a perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether droplet in normal adult and newborn (postnatal day [P]1-P20) rats, and in newborn rats exposed first to 14 days of variable oxygen (before NV) and six additional days in room air after variable oxygen exposure (during NV). After each experiment, blood gas values were measured, and retinas were isolated. Retinas were adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) stained, and flatmounted to determine peripheral avascular extent and NV incidence and severity.. In the vascularized rat retina, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the droplet-derived preretinal vitreous oxygen tension (24 +/- 2 mm Hg, mean +/- SEM, n = 18) and previously reported electrode-measured oxygen tension (22 +/- 1 mm Hg). Only during normal retinal vessel growth (P1-P10) and before the appearance of NV was evidence for retinal hypoxia found at the border of the vascular and avascular retina. However, the mean PO(2) (range, 24-28 mm Hg) over the vascular retina was not different (P > 0.05) between any of the newborn rat groups in this study.. (19)F MRS of a perfluorocarbon droplet provides an accurate measure of preretinal vitreous oxygen tension in rats. These data support an important role of physiologic hypoxia in normal retinal circulatory development and raises the possibility that, in experimental ROP, retinal hypoxia is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the development of retinal NV.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apyrase; Crown Ethers; Disease Models, Animal; Ethers, Cyclic; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retinal Neovascularization; Retinal Vessels; Retinopathy of Prematurity

In this serial in vivo study, macrophages labelled with perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (15C5) were monitored in rats after inducing adoptive transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (AT-EAE). AT-EAE is an animal model of multiple sclerosis and is characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in the central nervous system (CNS) and breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier. A particular feature of AT-EAE are macrophage infiltrates. Purpose of this study was to monitor the invasive and evasive phase of the macrophages in AT-EAE by using 3-dimensional 19F magnetic resonance imaging (3D 19F-MRI). In the early stage of the disease, a much stronger 19F-signal intensity was observed in AT-EAE-rats than in healthy control rats in the tissue adjacent to CNS regions severely affected by inflammatory infiltrates, and thereafter the 19F-signal intensity was decreasing over the time. However, no 19F-signal could be observed in the CNS itself neither in AT-EAE-rats nor in control rats. According to these findings it is assumed that we monitored the evasion of the macrophages from the region of inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Crown Ethers; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Ethers, Cyclic; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Macrophages; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medulla Oblongata; Mesencephalon; Multiple Sclerosis; Pons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Spinal Cord; Weight Loss