peptones and Inflammation

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthus Reaction; Capillary Permeability; Caseins; Chemotaxis; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Peptones; Phagocytosis

To assess the effects of inflammation on the generation of circulating DNA from dead and dying cells, plasma DNA levels were determined in BALB/c mice, administered apoptotic or necrotic Jurkat cells following induction of peritonitis by treatment with thioglycollate (TG), peptone (PT), or sodium periodate (NaIO(4)). In mice receiving TG or NaIO(4), plasma DNA levels following intraperitoneal administration of Jurkat cells were significantly reduced compared with controls, whereas they were not affected in mice receiving PT. To determine the basis of these differences, the cellular composition of peritoneal fluids prior to the administration of the dead cells was analyzed. Among agents tested, TG administration led to the largest increase in cells, both neutrophils and monocytes. As shown by flow cytometry, the exudates contained apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages, with the highest levels in the TG-induced exudates. Analysis of DNA and caspase 3 in the fluids also showed differences. TG exudates showed increases in DNA and caspase 3, while NaIO(4)-induced exudates had an increase only in DNA. Fluid from PT-treated mice did not have increases in DNA or caspase 3. Together, these results indicate that prior inflammation can affect the generation of blood DNA from apoptotic or necrotic cells, although this effect may vary depending on the composition of the exudates with respect to cells as well as DNA.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cells; DNA; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Jurkat Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peptones; Periodic Acid; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Thioglycolates; Time Factors

The rat subcutaneous air pouch model was adapted to examine the in vivo degradation of implanted rabbit articular cartilage, both with and without induced air pouch inflammation, over a 7-day period. The effects of 3 drugs, glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (Arteparon), pentosan polysulfate (SP-54), and zinc-chelated pentosan polysulfate (DH-40J), on inflammation-induced cartilage degradation were also examined. Implanted articular cartilage from noninflamed air pouches showed a reduction in total proteoglycan (PG) content (as hexuronic acid), but not in PG extractability or aggregation, compared with cartilage maintained in tissue culture. The injection of peptone into the air pouch as an inflammogen caused an influx of leukocytes and plasma exudate and a reduction in implanted articular cartilage PG content, extractability, and aggregation, which was significantly greater than that which occurred in noninflamed air pouches. In vitro experiments demonstrated that peptone did not have a direct effect on cartilage PG degradation. Daily injection of Arteparon, SP-54, or DH-40J (10 mg/kg) into peptone-inflamed air pouches significantly increased the PG content, extractability, and aggregation in implanted articular cartilage, compared with that in cartilage from non-drug-treated control animals. The infiltration of leukocytes into the peptone-inflamed air pouches was significantly reduced by daily administration of Arteparon, 10 mg/kg. At an equivalent dose, DH-40J increased leukocyte numbers in the pouch fluid, whereas SP-54 had no significant effect on leukocyte accumulation.

Topics: Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Male; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; Peptones; Polysaccharides; Proteoglycans; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Rats and mice bearing transplanted chemically induced neoplasms have defective macrophage infiltration of inflammatory sites distant to the tumor. The defect limits concurrently accumulation of macrophages within the tumor, raising dramatically the tumor to macrophage cell ratio. The defect may not compromise host surveillance because it requires relatively large numbers of tumor cells. The abnormality does not appear to result from circulating monocyte depletion, defective monocyte chemotaxis, or the traffic of monocytes into the tumor.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Cell Movement; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chemotaxis; Fibrosarcoma; Inflammation; Macrophages; Monocytes; Neoplasm Transplantation; Peptones; Rats

Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Chemotactic Factors; Concanavalin A; Inflammation; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms; Peptones; Phagocytosis; Phytohemagglutinins

Topics: Animals; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Complement System Proteins; Endotoxins; Glycolipids; Inflammation; Kinetics; Lectins; Lethal Dose 50; Lipid A; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neutrophils; Peptones; Zymosan

Inbred DA rats bearing a syngeneic 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced neoplasm had an early impairment of chronic inflammation as measured by the numbers of monocytes elicited in a 3-day peritoneal exudative response to a sterile peptone injection. Furthermore, an advanced malignant tumor was associated with a complete block in the rats' capacity to mobilize monocytes, despite the fact that white blood cell counts on peripheral blood showed increased numbers of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during tumor growth. In contrast to the defect in chronic inflammation, a normal or increased acute inflammatory reponse was observed during tumor growth as measured by the 9-hour peritoneal PMN response to a sodium caseinate injection. Quantitative chemotaxis measurements in vitro made with these same peritoneal exudate cells revealed severe impairment of marcophage chemotaxis but normal migration of PMN. Generation of macrophage chemotactic signals from blood of rats with advanced tumors was not impaired. Since the resident cells of the peritoneal cavity were, chemotactically, a poor-responding population, this defective response in vitro appeared to correlate with the cell defect observed in vivo in the monocyte inflammatory response to peptone.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Division; Inflammation; Monocytes; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neutrophils; Organ Size; Peptones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Biological Transport; Carbenicillin; Choroid; Cornea; Eye; Inflammation; Injections; Injections, Intravenous; Iris; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptones; Probenecid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rabbits; Retina; Sclera; Vitreous Body

Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacteriolysis; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Peptones; Phagocytosis; Rabbits; Regeneration; Synovial Membrane; Time Factors

The peritoneal, like the pleural cavity, gives opportunity to measure with adequate accuracy the activity of inflammatory reactions defined by movement of fluid within the cavity, by migration of leucocytes into it, and by exudation of proteins from the plasma. The activity of inflammatory reactions caused by saccharides or by alcohols that were tested varied in accord with their molecular weight, the osmotic pressure maintained by solutions of corresponding concentration, their boiling point, or by other colligative properties. Blood serum or globulin in the concentration with which it occurs in blood serum injected into the peritoneal cavity caused changes which differed little from those caused by physiological salt solution. Protein with molecular weight as low as that of cytochrome C (12,000) or ovalbumin (45,000) when in dilute solution (1 per cent) were rapidly absorbed, whereas trypsin and chymotrypsin under the same conditions caused very active inflammatory reactions because they set free amino acids and perhaps polypeptides with amino acids in short chains. The activity of inflammatory reactions caused by carbon compounds soluble in body fluids varied in accord with their colligative properties.

Topics: Alcohols; Amino Acids; Carbon; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Hexoses; Inflammation; Injections; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Leukocytes; Molecular Structure; Oligosaccharides; Pentoses; Peptides; Peptones; Pharmacology; Proteins; Rats; Research; Sodium Chloride; Toxicology; Trypsin