peptide-yy and Helicobacter-Infections

Helicobacter pylori have been shown to influence physiological regulation of metabolic hormones involved in food intake, energy expenditure and body mass. It has been proposed that inducing H. pylori-induced gastric atrophy damages hormone-producing endocrine cells localized in gastric mucosal layers and therefore alter their concentrations. In a recent study, we provided additional proof in mice under controlled conditions that H. pylori and gut microbiota indeed affects circulating metabolic gut hormones and energy homeostasis. In this addendum, we presented data from follow-up investigations that demonstrated H. pylori and gut microbiota-associated modulation of metabolic gut hormones was independent and precedes H. pylori-induced histopathological changes in the gut of H. pylori-infected mice. Thus, H. pylori-associated argumentation of energy homeostasis is not caused by injury to endocrine cells in gastric mucosa.

Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ghrelin; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Insulin; Leptin; Mice; Peptide YY

Helicobacter pylori, is an invariably commensal resident of the gut microbiome associated with gastric ulcer in adults. In addition, these patients also suffered from a low grade inflammation that activates the immune system and thus increased shunting of energy to host defense mechanisms. To assess whether a H. pylori infection could affect growth in early life, we determined the expression levels of selected metabolic gut hormones in germ free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with and without the presence of H. pylori. Despite H. pylori-infected (SPFH) mice display alteration in host metabolism (elevated levels of leptin, insulin and peptide YY) compared to non-infected SPF mice, their growth curves remained the same. SPFH mice also displayed increased level of eotaxin-1. Interestingly, GF mice infected with H. pylori (GFH) also displayed increased levels of ghrelin and PYY. However, in contrast to SPFH mice, GFH showed reduced weight gain and malnutrition. These preliminary findings show that exposure to H. pylori alters host metabolism early in life; but the commensal microbiota in SPF mice can attenuate the growth retarding effect from H. pylori observed in GF mice. Further investigations of possible additional side effects of H. pylori are highly warranted.

Topics: Animals; Body Mass Index; Chemokine CCL11; Energy Metabolism; Ghrelin; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Insulin; Intestine, Large; Leptin; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Models, Biological; Peptide Hormones; Peptide YY; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Weight Gain

More than half of the world's adults carry Helicobacter pylori. The eradication of H. pylori may affect the regulation of human metabolic hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on meal-associated changes in appetite-controlled insulinotropic and digestive hormones, and to assess post-eradication changes in body mass index as part of a currently on-going multicentre ESSAY (Eradication Study in Stable Adults/Youths) study.. We enrolled 29 H. pylori-positive young adult (18-30 year-old) volunteer subjects to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on meal-associated changes on eight gastrointestinal hormones, using a multiplex bead assay. Changes in body mass index and anthropometric measurements were recorded, pre- and post-eradication therapy.. Pre-prandial active amylin, total peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels were significantly elevated 12 months post-eradication compared with baseline (n = 18; Wilcoxon's signed rank test, p<0.05). Four of the post-prandial gut metabolic hormones levels (GLP-1, total PYY, active amylin, PP) were significantly higher 12 months post-eradication compared to baseline (n = 18; p<0.05). Following H. pylori eradication, the BMI and anthropometric values did not significantly change.. Our study indicates that H. pylori eradication was associated with long-term disturbance in three hormones (active amylin, PP and total PYY) both pre- and post-prandially and one hormone (GLP-1) post-prandially. Longer post-eradication monitoring is needed to investigate the long-term impact of the observed hormonal changes on metabolic homeostasis.

Topics: Adult; Appetite; Body Mass Index; Eating; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Malaysia; Male; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Peptide YY; Young Adult