peptide-yy and Gastroesophageal-Reflux

Colonic fermentation of carbohydrates is known to influence gastric and esophageal motility in healthy subjects. This study investigated the effects of colonic fermentation induced by oral administration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).. In the cross-over design used in the study, 9 patients with symptomatic GERD were administered a low-residue diet (i.e., 10 g fiber/day) during 2, 7-day periods, receiving either 6.6 g of FOS or placebo 3 times daily after meals. Each period was separated by a wash out of at least 3 weeks. On day 7, esophageal motility and pH were recorded in fasting conditions and after a test meal containing 6.6 g of FOS or placebo. Breath hydrogen concentrations (reflecting colonic fermentation) and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY, and cholecystokinin were monitored.. Compared with placebo, FOS led to a significant increase in the number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and reflux episodes, esophageal acid exposure, and the symptom score for GERD. The integrated plasma response of GLP-1 was significantly higher after FOS than placebo.. Colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates increases the rate of TLESRs, the number of acid reflux episodes, and the symptoms of GERD. Although different mechanisms are likely to be involved, excess release of GLP-1 may account, at least in part, for these effects.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Breath Tests; Cholecystokinin; Colon; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Esophagogastric Junction; Female; Fermentation; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hydrogen; Male; Middle Aged; Oligosaccharides; Patient Compliance; Peptide Fragments; Peptide YY; Postprandial Period; Protein Precursors

The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex and poorly understood. We aim to investigate the association of various circulating peptide hormones with heterogenous manifestations of GERD.. One hundred and four patients that had experienced typical GERD symptoms (heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) for at least 3 episodes per week in the past 3 months were enrolled. All patients received a baseline assessment of symptom severity and frequency with the Reflux Disease Questionnaire and an upper endoscopy to classify GERD into erosive esophagitis (EE, n = 67), non-erosive esophagitis (NE, n = 37), and Barrett's esophagus (BE, n = 8). Fifty asymptomatic subjects with an endoscopically normal esophagus were recruited as the control group. Complete anthropometric measures and blood biochemistry were obtained and fasting serum levels of adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin) and gut hormones (ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY)) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all subjects.. All circulating peptide hormone levels were not statistically different between the GERD and control groups. However, GERD patients appeared to have lower PYY levels [median (25th-75th percentile), 80.1 (49.8-108.3) vs. 99.4 (65.8-131.9) pg/ml, p = 0.057] compared with control subjects. Among the GERD patients, ghrelin levels were inversely associated with the frequency and severity of acid regurgitation. In male GERD patients, EE was associated with significantly higher PYY levels [107.0 (55.0-120.8) vs. 32.8 (28.7-84.5) pg/ml, p = 0.026] but lower adiponectin levels [6.7 (5.6-9.3) vs. 9.9 (9.6-10.6) μg/ml, p = 0.034] than NE. Patients with BE had significantly lower adiponectin levels [6.0 (5.1-9.2) vs. 9.2 (7.1-11.2) μg/ml, p = 0.026] than those without BE.. Humoral derangement of circulating peptide hormones might participate in inflammation and symptom perception in patients suffering from GERD. Further studies to clarify the exact role of these hormones in the pathogenesis of GERD are warranted.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Barrett Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Ghrelin; Heartburn; Humans; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide YY; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was designed to assess the relationship between gastric emptying of glucose solution and the ensuing plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in patients having undergone fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).. In 10 male patients the emptying of 50% glucose solution was determined scintigraphically and its relationship with plasma glucose, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP concentrations was studied before and 3 months after fundoplication.. In the first 30 min after glucose ingestion, emptying was significantly (p = 0.048) faster after fundoplication than before. Emptying and GLP-1 and GIP correlated: the faster the emptying during the first 30 min the greater the concentrations integrated over that period (p = 0.04; p = 0.01; p = 0.02). Emptying and PYY concentrations were unrelated. In the 120-180 min. period, blood glucose concentrations were lower the faster the emptying in the initial 30 min (p = 0.06) and the entire 50-min recording period (p = 0.03) had been. The GLP-1 concentrations integrated over the first 30 min correlated inversely with the integrated plasma glucose during the third hour after ingestion (p = 0.004).. After fundoplication, gastric emptying may, if accelerated in its initial phases, give rise to greater and earlier increases in plasma glucose, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations and thus to reactive hypoglycemia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Fundoplication; Gastric Emptying; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide YY; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Probability; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric