pentoxifylline and Blood Poisoning studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a candidate for adjunct immunomodulatory therapy in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but pharmacokinetic data in this population are extremely limited."	9.30	Effects of maturation and size on population pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its metabolites in very preterm infants with suspected late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study incorporating clinical outcomes. ( Batty, KT; Doherty, DA; Hibbert, J; Manning, L; Page-Sharp, M; Patole, S; Salman, S; Simmer, K; Strunk, T, 2019)
"The role of pentoxifylline (PTX) in reducing mortality associated with neonatal sepsis is not well established."	9.20	Pentoxifylline therapy for late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. ( Abdel-Hady, H; Mesbah, A; Nasef, N; Nour, I; Shabaan, AE; Shouman, B, 2015)
"To investigate the effectivity of pentoxifylline (PTX) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in the treatment of neonatal sepsis (NS), alone or in combination."	9.19	Role of pentoxifylline and/or IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of neonatal sepsis. ( Akdag, A; Dilli, D; Dilmen, U; Erdeve, O; Goekmen, T; Haque, K, 2014)
"Pentoxifylline protects against sepsis-induced microcirculatory derangement in neonates."	9.14	Effects of pentoxifylline on coagulation profile and disseminated intravascular coagulation incidence in Egyptian septic neonates. ( Abdel-Naim, AB; Adel, M; Al-Azizi, MM; Awad, HA, 2010)
"Pentoxifylline significantly affects the synthesis of TNF and IL-6 as well as reduces the mortality rate in premature infants with sepsis."	9.09	Effect of the immunomodulating agent, pentoxifylline, in the treatment of sepsis in prematurely delivered infants: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. ( Helwich, E; Kowalczyk, D; Ksycínski, W; Lauterbach, R; Pawlik, D; Zembala, M, 1999)
"Continuous intravenous administration of pentoxifylline beneficially influenced cardiopulmonary dysfunction in patients with sepsis without adverse effects."	9.08	Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Gehrke, K; Schröder, J; Staubach, KH; Stüber, F; Traumann, E; Zabel, P, 1998)
"Pentoxifylline (Trental, 5 mg/kg/h for 6 h) was administered to 17 premature infants with sepsis, on 3 successive days."	9.07	Pentoxifylline treatment of sepsis of premature infants: preliminary clinical observations. ( Cholewa, B; Lauterbach, R; Pawlik, D; Tomaszczyk, B, 1994)
"To assess the effect of intravenous pentoxifylline as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy on mortality and morbidity in neonates with suspected or confirmed sepsis."	8.91	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2015)
"Randomised or quasi-randomised trials assessing the efficacy of pentoxifylline as an adjunct to antibiotics for treatment of suspected or confirmed sepsis or NEC in neonates were eligible."	8.87	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2011)
"Studies were included if they were randomised or quasi-randomised trials, assessing the efficacy of pentoxifylline compared to placebo or no intervention as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy of suspected or confirmed sepsis in newborn infants less than 28 days old."	8.82	Pentoxifylline for neonatal sepsis. ( Haque, K; Mohan, P, 2003)
"Data presented showed that pentoxifylline attenuates microcirculatory disturbances at the mesenteric bed with significant minimization of lung inflammation after a double-injury model of hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion followed by sepsis."	7.81	Pentoxifylline attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a two-hit model of shock and sepsis. ( Aikawa, P; Correia, CJ; Cruz, JW; Cruz, RJ; Mauad, T; Nakagawa, NK; Rocha-e-Silva, M; Sannomiya, P; Zhang, H, 2015)
"Although it is known that pentoxifylline (PTX) produces various beneficial effects during sepsis, it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on the depressed vascular responsiveness to adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel potent vasodilatory peptide, under such conditions."	7.70	Mechanism of the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline during sepsis: maintenance of adrenomedullin responsiveness and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. ( Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Cioffi, WG; Koo, DJ; Wang, P; Yoo, P, 2000)
" In contrast, no significant reduction in nitroglycerine-induced vascular relaxation was seen in rats with sepsis irrespective of pentoxifylline treatment."	7.69	Pentoxifylline maintains vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic and hypodynamic sepsis. ( Ba, ZF; Chaudry, IH; Wang, P; Wood, TJ, 1996)
"Pentoxifylline protects against pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic derangements in fulminant sepsis and protects against pulmonary dysfunction."	7.69	Beneficial cardiopulmonary effects of pentoxifylline in experimental sepsis are lost once septic shock is established. ( Blocher, CR; Fisher, BJ; Fowler, AA; Kennedy, E; Ridings, PC; Sholley, MM; Sugerman, HJ; Windsor, AC, 1994)
"The influence of pentoxifylline (PTX) on mortality and some important mediators was studied in a model of cecal perforation with fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats."	7.69	Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. ( Ekstrøm, P; Giercksky, KE; Lundblad, R, 1995)
" An up-and-down dose-response design will be used, with dose step-up and step-down titration after every 3 patients."	7.01	Protocol: Pentoxifylline optimal dose finding trial in preterm neonates with suspected late onset sepsis (PTX-trial). ( Allegaert, K; Flint, RB; Kurul, S; Mazela, J; Reiss, IKM; Simons, SHP; Taal, HR, 2021)
"Mortality and morbidity due to neonatal sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remain high despite the use of potent antimicrobial agents."	7.01	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2023)
"Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a methylxanthine derivative for example, has multiple effects on the immune system, but inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release predominates."	6.71	Effect of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in neonatal sepsis. ( Hasan, BU; Hüseyin, C; Hüseyin, K; Ibrahim, KH; Kazim, U; Selim, K, 2004)
"The mean lung injury score was 1."	5.38	The effectiveness of hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline (HTS-PTX) resuscitation in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis tissue injury: comparison with LR, HES, and LR-PTX treatments. ( Kim, HJ; Lee, KH, 2012)
" Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a candidate for adjunct immunomodulatory therapy in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but pharmacokinetic data in this population are extremely limited."	5.30	Effects of maturation and size on population pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its metabolites in very preterm infants with suspected late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study incorporating clinical outcomes. ( Batty, KT; Doherty, DA; Hibbert, J; Manning, L; Page-Sharp, M; Patole, S; Salman, S; Simmer, K; Strunk, T, 2019)
"Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine derivative which modifies leukocyte function and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release."	5.29	Effects of treatment with pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet. ( Bancalari, E; Del Moral, T; Feuer, WJ; Goldberg, RN; Martinez, O; Stein-Streilein, J; Suguihara, C; Urbon, J, 1996)
"The role of pentoxifylline (PTX) in reducing mortality associated with neonatal sepsis is not well established."	5.20	Pentoxifylline therapy for late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. ( Abdel-Hady, H; Mesbah, A; Nasef, N; Nour, I; Shabaan, AE; Shouman, B, 2015)
"To investigate the effectivity of pentoxifylline (PTX) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in the treatment of neonatal sepsis (NS), alone or in combination."	5.19	Role of pentoxifylline and/or IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of neonatal sepsis. ( Akdag, A; Dilli, D; Dilmen, U; Erdeve, O; Goekmen, T; Haque, K, 2014)
"Pentoxifylline protects against sepsis-induced microcirculatory derangement in neonates."	5.14	Effects of pentoxifylline on coagulation profile and disseminated intravascular coagulation incidence in Egyptian septic neonates. ( Abdel-Naim, AB; Adel, M; Al-Azizi, MM; Awad, HA, 2010)
"Pentoxifylline significantly affects the synthesis of TNF and IL-6 as well as reduces the mortality rate in premature infants with sepsis."	5.09	Effect of the immunomodulating agent, pentoxifylline, in the treatment of sepsis in prematurely delivered infants: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. ( Helwich, E; Kowalczyk, D; Ksycínski, W; Lauterbach, R; Pawlik, D; Zembala, M, 1999)
"The influence of pentoxifylline on human polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) respiratory burst activity (RBA) was studied in 23 patients fulfilling the established criteria of sepsis and in 10 healthy donors."	5.08	In vivo modulation of human neutrophil function by pentoxifylline in patients with septic syndrome. ( Hammerle, AF; Mayer, N; Micksche, M; Oismüller, C; Steltzer, H, 1995)
"Continuous intravenous administration of pentoxifylline beneficially influenced cardiopulmonary dysfunction in patients with sepsis without adverse effects."	5.08	Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Gehrke, K; Schröder, J; Staubach, KH; Stüber, F; Traumann, E; Zabel, P, 1998)
"5 mg/kg per h pentoxifylline continuously for 5 days (after a loading dose of 600 mg) (trauma-PTX, n = 13; sepsis-PTX, n = 13) or saline solution as placebo (trauma-control; n = 13; sepsis-control, n = 13)."	5.08	Does long-term continuous administration of pentoxifylline affect platelet function in the critically ill patient? ( Boldt, J; Heesen, M; Hempelmann, G; Heyn, S; Müller, M, 1996)
"Pentoxifylline (Trental, 5 mg/kg/h for 6 h) was administered to 17 premature infants with sepsis, on 3 successive days."	5.07	Pentoxifylline treatment of sepsis of premature infants: preliminary clinical observations. ( Cholewa, B; Lauterbach, R; Pawlik, D; Tomaszczyk, B, 1994)
"To assess the effect of intravenous pentoxifylline as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy on mortality and morbidity in neonates with suspected or confirmed sepsis."	4.91	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2015)
"Randomised or quasi-randomised trials assessing the efficacy of pentoxifylline as an adjunct to antibiotics for treatment of suspected or confirmed sepsis or NEC in neonates were eligible."	4.87	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2011)
"Studies were included if they were randomised or quasi-randomised trials, assessing the efficacy of pentoxifylline compared to placebo or no intervention as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy of suspected or confirmed sepsis in newborn infants less than 28 days old."	4.82	Pentoxifylline for neonatal sepsis. ( Haque, K; Mohan, P, 2003)
"Data presented showed that pentoxifylline attenuates microcirculatory disturbances at the mesenteric bed with significant minimization of lung inflammation after a double-injury model of hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion followed by sepsis."	3.81	Pentoxifylline attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a two-hit model of shock and sepsis. ( Aikawa, P; Correia, CJ; Cruz, JW; Cruz, RJ; Mauad, T; Nakagawa, NK; Rocha-e-Silva, M; Sannomiya, P; Zhang, H, 2015)
"Sepsis is associated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of adhesion molecules, indicating endothelial activation or damage."	3.78	Influence of different volume therapies and pentoxifylline infusion on circulating soluble adhesion molecules in critically ill patients. ( Boldt, J; Heesen, M; Hempelmann, GG; Muller, M; Neumann, K, 1996)
" Pentoxifylline may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of sepsis and shock by attenuating intestinal barrier breakdown."	3.75	Phosphodiesterase inhibition attenuates alterations to the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in immunostimulated Caco-2 intestinal monolayers. ( Baird, A; Bansal, V; Choi, S; Coimbra, R; Costantini, TW; Deree, J; Eliceiri, BP; Loomis, W; Putnam, JG, 2009)
" Because pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and to increase anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that PTX treatment would change the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and decrease mortality in a murine model of acute endotoxemia."	3.73	Phosphodiesterase inhibition decreases nuclear factor-kappaB activation and shifts the cytokine response toward anti-inflammatory activity in acute endotoxemia. ( Coimbra, R; Hoyt, DB; Loomis, W; Melbostad, H; Tobar, M, 2005)
" After initial resuscitation with volume expansion, catecholamines, pentoxifylline and nitric oxide, a diagnosis of severe systemic enteroccocal sepsis was made and vancomycin-meropenem therapy was started."	3.71	Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in a neonate. ( Bocheński, P; Kornacka, MK; Rawicz, M; Rudzińska, I; Sitkowska, B, 2002)
"Although it is known that pentoxifylline (PTX) produces various beneficial effects during sepsis, it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on the depressed vascular responsiveness to adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel potent vasodilatory peptide, under such conditions."	3.70	Mechanism of the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline during sepsis: maintenance of adrenomedullin responsiveness and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. ( Bland, KI; Chaudry, IH; Cioffi, WG; Koo, DJ; Wang, P; Yoo, P, 2000)
"Pentoxifylline protects against pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic derangements in fulminant sepsis and protects against pulmonary dysfunction."	3.69	Beneficial cardiopulmonary effects of pentoxifylline in experimental sepsis are lost once septic shock is established. ( Blocher, CR; Fisher, BJ; Fowler, AA; Kennedy, E; Ridings, PC; Sholley, MM; Sugerman, HJ; Windsor, AC, 1994)
"To determine if treatment with pentoxifylline would decrease the tissue injury that occurs in a normotensive model of sepsis."	3.69	Pentoxifylline does not prevent microvascular injury in normotensive, septic rats. ( Flammand, FJ; Girotti, MJ; Martin, CM; Sibbald, WJ, 1995)
" In contrast, no significant reduction in nitroglycerine-induced vascular relaxation was seen in rats with sepsis irrespective of pentoxifylline treatment."	3.69	Pentoxifylline maintains vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic and hypodynamic sepsis. ( Ba, ZF; Chaudry, IH; Wang, P; Wood, TJ, 1996)
" Thromboxane A2 is the major mediator of the early pulmonary hypertension associated with endotoxemia, but the mechanisms underlying the prolonged hemodynamic disturbances observed in ongoing endotoxemia are not well understood."	3.69	Delayed thromboxane or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not leukotriene inhibition, attenuates prolonged pulmonary hypertension in endotoxemia. ( Li, JX; Lu, CY; Oliver, JR; Philips, JB, 1995)
"The influence of pentoxifylline (PTX) on mortality and some important mediators was studied in a model of cecal perforation with fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats."	3.69	Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. ( Ekstrøm, P; Giercksky, KE; Lundblad, R, 1995)
"To assess the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the appearance of soluble TNF receptors (sTNFRs), 20 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis were studied as were 7 chimpanzees after administration of endotoxin (4 ng/kg) with or without pentoxifylline."	3.68	Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia. ( Gallati, H; Jansen, J; Levi, M; ten Cate, H; ten Cate, JW; van der Poll, T; van Deventer, SJ; van Leenen, D; von der Möhlen, M, 1993)
" An up-and-down dose-response design will be used, with dose step-up and step-down titration after every 3 patients."	3.01	Protocol: Pentoxifylline optimal dose finding trial in preterm neonates with suspected late onset sepsis (PTX-trial). ( Allegaert, K; Flint, RB; Kurul, S; Mazela, J; Reiss, IKM; Simons, SHP; Taal, HR, 2021)
"Mortality and morbidity due to neonatal sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remain high despite the use of potent antimicrobial agents."	3.01	Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates. ( Haque, KN; Pammi, M, 2023)
"Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a methylxanthine derivative for example, has multiple effects on the immune system, but inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release predominates."	2.71	Effect of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in neonatal sepsis. ( Hasan, BU; Hüseyin, C; Hüseyin, K; Ibrahim, KH; Kazim, U; Selim, K, 2004)
"No means exist for predicting the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which complicates sepsis, trauma, and a variety of clinical disorders."	2.68	An increase in serum C18 unsaturated free fatty acids as a predictor of the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. ( Abraham, E; Bianco, JA; Bursten, SL; Federighi, DA; Harris, WE; Moore, EE; Moore, FA; Parsons, P; Repine, JE; Singer, JW, 1996)
" The dosage of catecholamines was kept constant during the entire study period and at least during 15 mins before the start of the study."	2.68	Effects of pentoxifylline on hemodynamics and oxygenation in septic and nonseptic patients. ( Bacher, A; Hammerle, A; Klimscha, W; Mayer, N; Oismüller, C; Steltzer, H, 1997)
"Consecutive patients (n = 60) with trauma or sepsis secondary to major (nontrauma) surgery."	2.68	Influence of long-term continuous intravenous administration of pentoxifylline on endothelial-related coagulation in critically ill patients. ( Boldt, J; Hempelmann, G; Heyn, S; Müller, M; Welters, I, 1996)
"Pentoxifylline has anti-inflammatory properties resulting from inhibition of erythrocyte phosphodiesterase."	2.46	Pentoxifylline in preterm neonates: a systematic review. ( Harris, E; Patole, SK; Schulzke, SM, 2010)
"Alcoholic hepatitis is an increasingly common reason for hospital admission which carries a high mortality."	2.45	The management of alcoholic hepatitis. ( Forrest, EH, 2009)
"The mean lung injury score was 1."	1.38	The effectiveness of hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline (HTS-PTX) resuscitation in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis tissue injury: comparison with LR, HES, and LR-PTX treatments. ( Kim, HJ; Lee, KH, 2012)
"Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and resulted in lactate acidosis, hypotension, and reduction in MBF (-30%; P < 0."	1.34	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce skeletal muscle protein catabolism in septic rats. ( Baviera, AM; Goncalves, DA; Graca, FA; Kettelhut, IC; Lira, EC; Lönnroth, P; Migliorini, RH; Navegantes, LC; Strindberg, L; Zanon, NM, 2007)
"Diffuse peritonitis was elicited by means of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in 45 adult Wistar rats."	1.32	Pentoxyphilline as a cyclooxygenase (cox-2) inhibitor in experimental sepsis. ( Janiak, A; Modzelewski, B, 2004)
"Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine derivative which modifies leukocyte function and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release."	1.29	Effects of treatment with pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet. ( Bancalari, E; Del Moral, T; Feuer, WJ; Goldberg, RN; Martinez, O; Stein-Streilein, J; Suguihara, C; Urbon, J, 1996)
"On the 7 samples of the 3 patients with septic shock no TNF alpha production has been detected."	1.28	Study of pentoxifylline induced modulation of TNF alpha and interleukin-6 secretion in healthy and septic patients by the use of an ex-vivo model on whole blood. ( Barbier, M; Barbier, Y; Bienvenu, J; Coulon, L; Doche, C; Guenounou, M; Lepape, A, 1992)
"coli septicemia plus PTXF bolus 20 mg/kg injected 5 min before E."	1.27	Attenuation of acute lung injury in septic guinea pigs by pentoxifylline. ( Harada, H; Hogue, RS; Ishizaka, A; O'Hanley, PT; Raffin, TA; Stephens, KE; Wu, ZH, 1988)

Research

Studies (75)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) Levels at 2 Years of Life

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (1.33)	18.7374
1990's	36 (48.00)	18.2507
2000's	21 (28.00)	29.6817
2010's	13 (17.33)	24.3611
2020's	4 (5.33)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kurul, S	2
Taal, HR	2
Flint, RB	2
Mazela, J	1
Reiss, IKM	1
Allegaert, K	2
Simons, SHP	1
Mishra, P	1
Pandey, R	1
Tripathi, S	1
Dubey, SK	1
Tripathi, YB	1
Pammi, M	3
Haque, KN	3
Salman, S	1
Hibbert, J	1
Page-Sharp, M	1
Manning, L	1
Simmer, K	1
Doherty, DA	1
Patole, S	2
Batty, KT	1
Strunk, T	1
Akdag, A	1
Dilmen, U	1
Haque, K	2
Dilli, D	1
Erdeve, O	1
Goekmen, T	1
Nakagawa, NK	1
Cruz, RJ	1
Aikawa, P	1
Correia, CJ	1
Cruz, JW	1
Mauad, T	1
Zhang, H	1
Rocha-e-Silva, M	1
Sannomiya, P	1
Shabaan, AE	1
Nasef, N	1
Shouman, B	1
Nour, I	1
Mesbah, A	1
Abdel-Hady, H	1
Deree, J	2
Martins, JO	1
Melbostad, H	3
Loomis, WH	1
Coimbra, R	4
Costantini, TW	1
Loomis, W	3
Putnam, JG	1
Choi, S	1
Baird, A	1
Eliceiri, BP	1
Bansal, V	1
Groesdonk, HV	1
Heringlake, M	1
Heinze, H	1
Ramakers, BP	1
Pickkers, P	1
Oliveira-Júnior, IS	2
Oliveira, IS	1
Oliveira, WR	1
Cavassani, SS	1
Brunialti, MK	2
Salomao, R	2
Forrest, EH	1
Diskin, CJ	1
Tarnow-Mordi, W	1
Isaacs, D	1
Dutta, S	1
Harris, E	1
Schulzke, SM	1
Patole, SK	1
Adel, M	1
Awad, HA	1
Abdel-Naim, AB	1
Al-Azizi, MM	1
Kim, HJ	1
Lee, KH	1
Buwalda, M	1
Ince, C	1
Vijayakumar, P	1
Jog, S	1
Rawicz, M	1
Sitkowska, B	1
Rudzińska, I	1
Kornacka, MK	1
Bocheński, P	1
Sikora, JP	1
Colson, A	1
Willems, B	1
Thissen, JP	1
Mohan, P	1
Modzelewski, B	1
Janiak, A	1
Tobar, M	2
Porcides, RD	1
Hoyt, DB	2
Selim, K	1
Hüseyin, C	1
Ibrahim, KH	1
Hasan, BU	1
Kazim, U	1
Hüseyin, K	1
Koh, IH	1
Junqueira, VB	1
Lira, EC	1
Graca, FA	1
Goncalves, DA	1
Zanon, NM	1
Baviera, AM	1
Strindberg, L	1
Lönnroth, P	1
Migliorini, RH	1
Kettelhut, IC	1
Navegantes, LC	1
Danjo, W	1
Fujimura, N	1
Ujike, Y	1
Li, JX	1
Oliver, JR	1
Lu, CY	1
Philips, JB	1
Bahrami, S	1
Yu, YH	1
Redl, H	2
Schlag, G	2
Lundblad, R	1
Ekstrøm, P	1
Giercksky, KE	1
Refsum, SE	2
McCaigue, M	2
Campbell, GR	1
Barclay, GR	1
Erwin, PJ	1
Rowlands, BJ	2
Boston, VE	2
Halliday, MI	2
Mancuso, G	1
Cusumano, V	1
Cook, JA	1
Smith, E	1
Squadrito, F	1
Blandino, G	1
Teti, G	1
Lauterbach, R	3
Pawlik, D	2
Tomaszczyk, B	1
Cholewa, B	1
Ridings, PC	1
Windsor, AC	1
Sugerman, HJ	1
Kennedy, E	1
Sholley, MM	1
Blocher, CR	1
Fisher, BJ	1
Fowler, AA	1
Flammand, FJ	1
Sibbald, WJ	1
Girotti, MJ	1
Martin, CM	1
van der Poll, T	1
Jansen, J	1
van Leenen, D	1
von der Möhlen, M	1
Levi, M	1
ten Cate, H	1
Gallati, H	1
ten Cate, JW	1
van Deventer, SJ	1
Mándi, Y	3
Farkas, G	3
Ocsovszky, I	2
Oismüller, C	2
Mayer, N	2
Micksche, M	1
Steltzer, H	2
Hammerle, AF	1
Nagy, Z	2
Boldt, J	3
Muller, M	3
Heesen, M	2
Neumann, K	1
Hempelmann, GG	1
Bursten, SL	1
Federighi, DA	1
Parsons, P	1
Harris, WE	1
Abraham, E	1
Moore, EE	1
Moore, FA	1
Bianco, JA	1
Singer, JW	1
Repine, JE	1
Heyn, S	2
Welters, I	1
Hempelmann, G	2
Bienvenu, J	2
Doche, C	2
Gutowski, MC	1
Lenoble, M	1
Lepape, A	2
Perdrix, JP	1
Zembala, M	2
Wang, P	4
Wood, TJ	1
Ba, ZF	1
Chaudry, IH	4
Weikert, LF	1
Bernard, GR	1
Campbell, G	1
Bengtsson, A	1
Mollnes, TE	1
Högåsen, K	1
Del Moral, T	1
Goldberg, RN	1
Urbon, J	1
Suguihara, C	1
Martinez, O	1
Stein-Streilein, J	1
Feuer, WJ	1
Bancalari, E	1
Bacher, A	1
Klimscha, W	1
Hammerle, A	1
Arias-Díaz, J	1
Vara, E	1
Torres-Melero, J	1
García, C	1
Hernández, J	1
Balibrea, JL	1
Márton, J	1
Staubach, KH	1
Schröder, J	1
Stüber, F	1
Gehrke, K	1
Traumann, E	1
Zabel, P	1
Maier, RV	1
Voisin, L	2
Breuillé, D	1
Ruot, B	1
Rallière, C	1
Rambourdin, F	1
Dalle, M	1
Obled, C	2
Reynolds, H	1
Zimmerman, JJ	1
Kowalczyk, D	1
Ksycínski, W	1
Helwich, E	1
Yang, S	1
Zhou, M	1
Koo, DJ	2
Jarrar, D	1
Yoo, P	1
Cioffi, WG	1
Bland, KI	1
Raza, A	1
Grinëv, MV	1
Golubeva, AV	1
Combaret, L	1
Tilignac, T	1
Claustre, A	1
Taillandier, D	1
Tanaka, K	1
Attaix, D	1
Coulon, L	1
Barbier, Y	1
Barbier, M	1
Guenounou, M	1
Noel, P	1
Nelson, S	1
Bokulic, R	1
Bagby, G	1
Lippton, H	1
Lipscomb, G	1
Summer, W	1
Ishizaka, A	1
Wu, ZH	1
Stephens, KE	1
Harada, H	1
Hogue, RS	1
O'Hanley, PT	1
Raffin, TA	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pentoxifylline Dose Optimization in Preterm Neonatal Late Onset Sepsis[NCT04152980]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-12	Recruiting
Open Clinical Trial of the Use of Antioxidants and Pentoxifylline as Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Therapy in Patients With and Without Septic Shock Secondary to COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia[NCT04570254]		110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-19	Completed
Pentoxifylline Therapy of Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT02163174]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Phase II Trial of Pentoxifylline in Newly-Diagnosed Biliary Atresia[NCT01774487]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-04	Terminated (stopped due to Target enrollment was not reached because the medication, pentoxifylline, has a taste that is not well tolerated by infants. The study team decided to end the study before meeting the enrollment goal because of the medication taste.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The investigators will record the ALT levels at age two years, in patients who had previously been treated with PTX therapy and still have their native liver. Scale 14-45 U/L, with a higher level indicating a worse outcome. (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: 2 years of age

Number of Participants Achieving Zero or Positive Weight Z-scores 12 Weeks After Starting PTX Therapy

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
Pentoxifylline - Group 1	160

The investigators will track the weight of patients over the course of therapy in patients receiving 90 days of PTX (this is recorded as part of routine clinical care). The weight will then be compared to standards to calculate a z-score. Normal weight Z-score is greater than or equal to 0, with a higher number of patients meeting this indicating a better outcome. (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after starting therapy

Number of Participants With Normal Serum Conjugated Bilirubin Levels 12 Weeks After Starting PTX (Pentoxifylline) Therapy

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pentoxifylline - Group 1	0
Group 2	0

The investigators will track the serum conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels over the course of therapy in patients receiving 90 days of PTX (this laboratory test is drawn as part of routine care). Normal CB is 0.0-0.3 mg/dL, with a higher number of patients meeting this indicating a better outcome. (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after starting therapy

Platelet Levels at 2 Years of Life

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pentoxifylline - Group 1	6
Pentoxifylline - Group 2	0

The investigators will record platelet levels at age two years, in patients who had previously been treated with PTX therapy and still have their native liver. Scale 189-403*10^3 Platelets/μL, with a lower level indicating a worse outcome. (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: 2 years of age

Spleen Size at 2 Years of Age

Intervention	10^3 Platelets/μL (Mean)
Pentoxifylline - Group 1	208

"The investigators will measure spleen size by ultrasound at 2 years of age, in patients who had received PTX therapy earlier and still have their native liver. Normal spleen size range (10th-90th percentile) at this age is 6.4-8.6 cm, with a value exceeding this range indicating a worse outcome." (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: 2 years of age

Time to Liver Transplant

Intervention	cm (Mean)
Pentoxifylline - Group 1	10.0

The investigators will track time to liver transplant. The shorter time to liver transplant indicates a worse outcome. (NCT01774487)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to two years after therapy finishes

Article	Year
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023, 06-20, Volume: 6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins, Intrav	2023
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Mar-09, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Enter	2015
[Anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline: importance in cardiac surgery]. Der Anaesthesist, 2009, Volume: 58, Issue:11 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Pentoxifylline; Phosph	2009
The management of alcoholic hepatitis. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Epidemiologic Methods; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Huma	2009
Novel insights into the pathobiology of the vascular access - do they translate into improved care? Blood purification, 2010, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anticoagulants; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Calcium Cha	2010
Adjunctive immunologic interventions in neonatal sepsis. Clinics in perinatology, 2010, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Breast Feeding; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Glutamine; Humans; Immunog	2010
Pentoxifylline in preterm neonates: a systematic review. Paediatric drugs, 2010, Oct-01, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lung Diseases; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Pentoxifylline; Persi	2010
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Oct-05, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Enter	2011
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Oct-05, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Enter	2011
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Oct-05, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Enter	2011
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Oct-05, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Enter	2011
Opening the microcirculation: can vasodilators be useful in sepsis? Intensive care medicine, 2002, Volume: 28, Issue:9 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Epoprostenol; Hemodynamics; Humans; Microcirculation; Netherlands; Nitric O	2002
Perinatal immunomodulation. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2002, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Chronic Disease; Cromolyn Sodium; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hematopoietic Cel	2002
Immunotherapy in the management of sepsis. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis, 2002, Volume: 50, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antioxidants; Cell Adhesion; Child; Cytokines; Glucocorticoids; Hum	2002
Pentoxifylline for neonatal sepsis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2003, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Human	2003
Influence of different volume therapies and pentoxifylline infusion on circulating soluble adhesion molecules in critically ill patients. Critical care medicine, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Combined Modality The	1996
Pharmacotherapy of sepsis. Clinics in chest medicine, 1996, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Antioxidants; Bradykinin; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; Naloxone; Pentoxifyllin	1996
Pentoxifylline--more evidence that it improves host defenses during sepsis. Critical care medicine, 1999, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Infl	1999
Appraising the potential of pentoxifylline in septic premies. Critical care medicine, 1999, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Critical Care; Cytokines; Drug Administration Schedule; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Infant, New	1999
Organ dysfunction following hemorrhage and sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review). International journal of molecular medicine, 1999, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coloring Agents; Critical Care; Cytokines; Diltiazem; Disease Model	1999
Anti-TNF therapies in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, sepsis, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Microscopy research and technique, 2000, Aug-01, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Crohn Disease; Etanercept; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Myelodysplastic Syndrome	2000
[Multiple organ failure]. Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova, 2001, Volume: 160, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Controlled Clinical Trials	2001

Article	Year
Bronco T (Shirisadi kasaya), a polyherbal formulation prevents LPS induced septicemia in rats. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2022, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Pentoxifylline; Rats; Sepsis; Water	2022
"How can a drug to treat claudication in adults save preterm newborns?" European journal of pediatrics, 2020, Volume: 179, Issue:8 Topics: Critical Illness; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pe	2020
Pentoxifylline attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a two-hit model of shock and sepsis. The Journal of surgical research, 2015, Volume: 193, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cecum; Cell Communication; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Free Radical Scavenge	2015
Insights into the regulation of TNF-alpha production in human mononuclear cells: the effects of non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibition. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2008, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Blotting, Western; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay	2008
Phosphodiesterase inhibition attenuates alterations to the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in immunostimulated Caco-2 intestinal monolayers. Life sciences, 2009, Jan-02, Volume: 84, Issue:1-2 Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cytokines; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Membrane Proteins;	2009
Adenosine-mediated attenuation of the innate immune response for only those who need it? The tailored potential of pentoxifylline. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2010, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Pentoxifylline; Sepsis; Vasodilator Agents	2010
Effects of pentoxifylline on inflammation and lung dysfunction in ventilated septic animals. The Journal of trauma, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme	2010
The effectiveness of hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline (HTS-PTX) resuscitation in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis tissue injury: comparison with LR, HES, and LR-PTX treatments. Injury, 2012, Volume: 43, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; Interleukin-6; Isotonic Solutions;	2012
Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in a neonate. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:11 Topics: Catecholamines; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nitric Oxide; Pentoxifylline; Platelet Transfusion;	2002
Inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline does not prevent endotoxin-induced decrease in serum IGF-I. The Journal of endocrinology, 2003, Volume: 178, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Enzyme Inhibitors; Growth Hormone; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interl	2003
Pentoxyphilline as a cyclooxygenase (cox-2) inhibitor in experimental sepsis. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dis	2004
LPS-stimulated PMN activation and proinflammatory mediator synthesis is downregulated by phosphodiesterase inhibition: role of pentoxifylline. The Journal of trauma, 2004, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Analysis of Variance; CD11b Antigen; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Down-Regulation; Humans; In Vitro Tech	2004
Phosphodiesterase inhibition decreases nuclear factor-kappaB activation and shifts the cytokine response toward anti-inflammatory activity in acute endotoxemia. The Journal of trauma, 2005, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endotoxemia; Humans; In	2005
Effect of pentoxifylline on lung inflammation and gas exchange in a sepsis-induced acute lung injury model. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2006, Volume: 39, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli Infections; Inflammation; Inflammat	2006
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce skeletal muscle protein catabolism in septic rats. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Carotid Arteries; Cyclic AMP; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles;	2007
Effect of pentoxifylline on diaphragmatic contractility in septic rats. Acta medica Okayama, 2008, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Diaphragm; Endotoxins; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Male; Malondiald	2008
Delayed thromboxane or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not leukotriene inhibition, attenuates prolonged pulmonary hypertension in endotoxemia. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1995, Volume: 310, Issue:3 Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Endotoxins; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmo	1995
Acute lung injury by endotoxin-induced mediators: prevention by HWA 138, a new xanthine derivative. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1995, Volume: 125, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Male; Neutrophils; Pentoxifylline; R	1995
Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 1995, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Cecal Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelins; Endotoxins; Interleukin-6; In	1995
Pentoxifylline modulates cytokine responses in a sepsis model. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1994, Volume: 388 Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Blood Pressure; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Endotoxins; Female; Interleu	1994
Efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha and eicosanoid inhibitors in experimental models of neonatal sepsis. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Acetophenones; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bacterial Toxins; Chromonar; Eicosanoids; Endotoxins; Ibup	1994
Beneficial cardiopulmonary effects of pentoxifylline in experimental sepsis are lost once septic shock is established. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1994, Volume: 129, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cardiovascular System; Immunophenotyping;	1994
Pentoxifylline does not prevent microvascular injury in normotensive, septic rats. Critical care medicine, 1995, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Capillary Permeability; Cecum; Heart Rate; Ligation; Male; Microcirculation	1995
Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 168, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Kinetics;	1993
Effects of pentoxifyllin and PentaglobinO on TNF and IL-6 production in septic patients. Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin M; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Leukoc	1995
Pentoxifylline maintains vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic and hypodynamic sepsis. Surgery, 1996, Volume: 120, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Endothelium, Vascular; Heart Rate; Male; Nitroglyceri	1996
Modulation of TNF alpha and IL-6 in a peritonitis model using pentoxifylline. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1996, Volume: 31, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cecum; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Perforatio	1996
Effects on complement activation and cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-8) release of infusion of anti-TNF-antibodies or a xanthine derivative (HWA 138) in septic baboons. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1996, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Complement Activation; Complement Membrane Attack Complex; Escherichia coli Inf	1996
Effects of treatment with pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet. Pediatric research, 1996, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hemodynamics; Leukocytes; Pentoxifylline; Sepsis; Streptococcal In	1996
Local production of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide in rat diaphragm during sepsis: effects of pentoxifylline and somatostatin. The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica, 1997, Volume: 163, Issue:8 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biomarkers; Confidence Intervals; Diaphragm; Disease Models, Animal;	1997
Relevance of cytokine production to infected pancreatic necrosis. Acta chirurgica Hungarica, 1997, Volume: 36, Issue:1-4 Topics: APACHE; Cause of Death; Cytokines; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Intercellular Adhesio	1997
Pentoxifylline in sepsis. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1998, Volume: 133, Issue:4 Topics: Humans; Multiple Organ Failure; Pentoxifylline; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Research Design; Sepsi	1998
Cytokine modulation by PX differently affects specific acute phase proteins during sepsis in rats. The American journal of physiology, 1998, Volume: 275, Issue:5 Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Animals; Escherichia coli Infections; Free Radical Scavengers; Interleukin-1;	1998
Pentoxifylline prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic to hypodynamic response during sepsis. The American journal of physiology, 1999, Volume: 277, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hemodynamics; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pentoxifylline; Phosphodiesteras	1999
Mechanism of the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline during sepsis: maintenance of adrenomedullin responsiveness and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The Journal of surgical research, 2000, Jun-01, Volume: 91, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenomedullin; Animals; Aorta; Cecum; Cytokines; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Ligation; Male; Orga	2000
Torbafylline (HWA 448) inhibits enhanced skeletal muscle ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis in cancer and septic rats. The Biochemical journal, 2002, Jan-15, Volume: 361, Issue:Pt 2 Topics: Animals; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Down-Regulation; Hydrolysis; Male; Multienzyme Complexes; Muscle,	2002
Study of pentoxifylline induced modulation of TNF alpha and interleukin-6 secretion in healthy and septic patients by the use of an ex-vivo model on whole blood. Nouvelle revue francaise d'hematologie, 1992, Volume: 34 Suppl Topics: Blood; Depression, Chemical; Humans; Interleukin-6; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Pentoxifylline; Sepsis;	1992
Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality. Life sciences, 1990, Volume: 47, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Male; Neutro	1990
Attenuation of acute lung injury in septic guinea pigs by pentoxifylline. The American review of respiratory disease, 1988, Volume: 138, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Glucuroni	1988

pentoxifylline and Blood Poisoning