pentostatin and Bone-Marrow-Diseases

In a prospective phase II trial, pentostatin combined with cyclophosphamide and rituximab (PCR) induced strong responses and was well-tolerated in previously untreated patients with advanced-stage, indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). After a median patient follow-up of more than 108 months, we performed an intent-to-treat analysis of our 83 participants. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 108 months for follicular lymphoma (FL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) were 71%, 67% and 15%, respectively, and were affected by clinicopathological characteristics. Ten-year PFS rates for those with beta-2-microglobulin levels <2·2 and ≥2·2 mg/l prior to treatment were 71% and 21%, respectively. Patients without bone marrow involvement had 10-year PFS rates of 72% vs. 29% for those with involvement. At time of analysis, the median overall survival (OS) had not been reached. The OS rate was 64% at 10 years and differed significantly based on histology: 94% for FL, 66% for MZL and 39% for SLL. Long-term toxicities included 18 (21·7%) patients with second malignancies and 2 (2·4%) who developed myelodysplastic syndrome after receiving additional lines of chemotherapy. Our 10-year follow-up analysis confirms that PCR is an effective, robust and tolerable treatment regimen for patients with iNHL.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Pentostatin; Rituximab; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bone Marrow Diseases; Epithelioid Cells; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Pentostatin

Treatment with the purine analog 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) achieves a complete response in close to 90% of patients with hairy cell leukemia, with approximately 75% remaining in prolonged remission. Recently, we unexpectedly noted foci of hypoplasia and aplasia in routine follow-up bone marrow biopsies of several hairy cell leukemia patients in remission with normal blood counts. Because of this finding we examined all available biopsies to assess the incidence of this phenomenon. A total of 94 biopsies in 31 patients were reviewed. Of these, 23 were prior to 2-CDA therapy and 71 (in 30 patients) were obtained 2-76 (mean 22) months following one or more courses of treatment. Nine patients had also received prior interferon and 7 (of whom 3 had also received interferon) had undergone splenectomy. Hypocellular foci were found in only 3 (13%) of the pre-therapy biopsies. Forty-seven of the 71 post-therapy biopsies (in 23 patients) (66%) had a total of 176 hypocellular foci. Of these 47 biopsies, 39 were without evidence of disease. A simultaneous complete blood count was normal in 34 of the 47 hypoplastic biopsies (72%). This suggests that these hypoplastic areas may not be representative of the entire bone marrow and that normal hematopoiesis may take place at other sites. However, since the longest follow-up is less than 7 yr, the potential long-term significance of these findings, such as progressive bone marrow aplasia or dysplasia, may still be unrecognised.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Examination; Cladribine; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Interferons; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Pentostatin; Remission Induction; Splenectomy