pentobarbital has been researched along with Brain Ischemia in 86 studies
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.
Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " We compared microregional O2 balance in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion during pentobarbital and isoflurane anesthesia." | 7.81 | Local O2 Balance in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Improved during Pentobarbital Compared with Isoflurane Anesthesia. ( Barsoum, S; Chi, OZ; Liu, X; Rah, KH; Weiss, HR, 2015) |
| "Thiopental is an anesthetic used for controlling high intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by brain surgery, brain trauma, and severe stroke." | 7.75 | Thiopental exaggerates ischemic brain damage and neurological deficits after experimental stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Duan, WM; Duan, YF; Liu, C; Zhao, LR; Zhao, YF, 2009) |
| "To compare the effects of pentobarbital and propofol on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia model, and to evaluate the availability of propofol in setting the focal cerebral ischemia." | 7.72 | [Comparison of pentobarbital and propofol on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia model in rats]. ( Kang, QY; Li, J; Liu, Y; Zhang, PB; Zhao, JJ, 2004) |
| "These results indicate that activation of GABAA receptors, which include the specific binding subunits for propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, plays a role in the inhibition of neuronal death induced by brain ischemia." | 7.70 | Neuroprotective properties of propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, on neuronal damage induced by forebrain ischemia, based on the GABAA receptors. ( Isshiki, A; Ito, H; Uchino, H; Watanabe, Y, 1999) |
| "Effect of minaprine on hypoxia- or hypoxia/hypoglycemia (ischemia)-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake by rat hippocampal slices was evaluated." | 7.68 | Protective effect of minaprine against the abnormal changes of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat hippocampal slices induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia. ( Kodama, K; Shibata, S; Ueki, S, 1992) |
| "We investigated the neuroprotective effects of vinconate (a vinca alkaloid derivative), baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist), or pentobarbital (a GABAA receptor-effector) on neuronal damage following repeated brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbils." | 7.68 | Comparative protective effects of vinconate, baclofen, and pentobarbital against neuronal damage following repeated brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbil brain. ( Araki, T; Kato, H; Kogure, K, 1991) |
| "Changes in the electrocardiogram following bilateral common carotid arteries ligation was observed during the awake state and pentobarbital anesthesia; and the influences of cerebral ischemia, pentobarbital or halothane anesthesia on the cardiotoxicity induced by continuous infusion of ouabain were also studied in Mongolian gerbils." | 7.68 | [Experimental study on arrhythmias induced by cerebral ischemia and ouabain in Mongolian gerbils]. ( Maruyama, Y; Nakamura, T, 1991) |
| "Status epilepticus is common in infants and may have long-term consequences on the brain persisting into adulthood." | 5.36 | Harmful effect of kainic acid on brain ischemic damage is not related to duration of status epilepticus. ( Giorgi, FS; Hasson, H; Malhotra, S; Moshé, SL; Rosenbaum, DM, 2010) |
| "Pretreatment with pentobarbital Na (30 mg/kg, i." | 5.28 | Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced hypoxia in mice: evaluation as an experimental model of cerebral ischemia for drug screening. ( Hiramatsu, Y; Kato, Y; Koida, M; Muguruma, K; Nakamuta, H; Ogawa, Y; Yasuda, K, 1989) |
| "Cerebral ischemia was induced in unanesthetized gerbils using bilateral carotid artery ligations." | 5.27 | Effects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on prostanoid accumulation in unanesthetized and pentobarbital-treated gerbils. ( Dorman, RV, 1988) |
| " We compared microregional O2 balance in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion during pentobarbital and isoflurane anesthesia." | 3.81 | Local O2 Balance in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Improved during Pentobarbital Compared with Isoflurane Anesthesia. ( Barsoum, S; Chi, OZ; Liu, X; Rah, KH; Weiss, HR, 2015) |
| "Thiopental is an anesthetic used for controlling high intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by brain surgery, brain trauma, and severe stroke." | 3.75 | Thiopental exaggerates ischemic brain damage and neurological deficits after experimental stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Duan, WM; Duan, YF; Liu, C; Zhao, LR; Zhao, YF, 2009) |
| "To compare the effects of pentobarbital and propofol on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia model, and to evaluate the availability of propofol in setting the focal cerebral ischemia." | 3.72 | [Comparison of pentobarbital and propofol on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia model in rats]. ( Kang, QY; Li, J; Liu, Y; Zhang, PB; Zhao, JJ, 2004) |
| "The neuroprotective effects of GTS-21 [3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride] were studied and compared with those of nicotine, 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine hydrochloride hydrate (THA) and pentobarbital-Na (PB) using a cerebral ischemia model in Mongolian gerbils." | 3.70 | Protective effect of GTS-21, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist, on delayed neuronal death induced by ischemia in gerbils. ( Miyake, H; Nanri, M; Watanabe, H; Yamamoto, J, 1998) |
| "These results indicate that activation of GABAA receptors, which include the specific binding subunits for propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, plays a role in the inhibition of neuronal death induced by brain ischemia." | 3.70 | Neuroprotective properties of propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, on neuronal damage induced by forebrain ischemia, based on the GABAA receptors. ( Isshiki, A; Ito, H; Uchino, H; Watanabe, Y, 1999) |
| "Changes in the electrocardiogram following bilateral common carotid arteries ligation was observed during the awake state and pentobarbital anesthesia; and the influences of cerebral ischemia, pentobarbital or halothane anesthesia on the cardiotoxicity induced by continuous infusion of ouabain were also studied in Mongolian gerbils." | 3.68 | [Experimental study on arrhythmias induced by cerebral ischemia and ouabain in Mongolian gerbils]. ( Maruyama, Y; Nakamura, T, 1991) |
| "We investigated the neuroprotective effects of vinconate (a vinca alkaloid derivative), baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist), or pentobarbital (a GABAA receptor-effector) on neuronal damage following repeated brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbils." | 3.68 | Comparative protective effects of vinconate, baclofen, and pentobarbital against neuronal damage following repeated brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbil brain. ( Araki, T; Kato, H; Kogure, K, 1991) |
| " Ten EEGs from 10 patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE-BS) and 21 records from 8 patients with pentobarbital induced burst-suppression for treatment of status epilepticus (SE-BS) were reviewed." | 3.68 | Variance of interburst intervals in burst suppression. ( Beydoun, A; Drury, I; Yen, CE, 1991) |
| "We studied the alterations in the binding of muscarinic cholinergic and adenosine A1 receptors following transient cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils and examined the effects of the novel vinca alkaloid derivative vinconate and pentobarbital against the alterations in the binding of these receptors." | 3.68 | Postischemic alteration of muscarinic acetylcholine and adenosine A1 binding sites in gerbil brain. Protective effects of a novel vinca alkaloid derivative, vinconate, and pentobarbital using an autoradiographic study. ( Araki, T; Kato, H; Kogure, K, 1992) |
| "Effect of WEB 1881 FU (nebracetam) on hypoxia and ischemia-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake and CA1 field potentials induced by hypoxia and hypoxia/hypoglycemia (ischemia) in rat brain slices was evaluated and compared to the findings obtained with pentobarbital and idebenone." | 3.68 | Neuroprotective effect of WEB 1881 FU (nebracetam) on an ischemia-induced deficit of glucose uptake in rat hippocampal and cerebral cortical slices and CA1 field potential in hippocampal slices. ( Kagami-ishi, Y; Shibata, S; Ueki, S; Watanabe, S, 1992) |
| "Effect of minaprine on hypoxia- or hypoxia/hypoglycemia (ischemia)-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake by rat hippocampal slices was evaluated." | 3.68 | Protective effect of minaprine against the abnormal changes of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat hippocampal slices induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia. ( Kodama, K; Shibata, S; Ueki, S, 1992) |
| "Survival rates following incomplete brain ischemia induced during pentobarbital anesthesia were significantly higher in mice with a minor brain injury, inflicted one week before, than in those given a sham operation." | 3.67 | Effects of pentobarbital and ketamine on brain injury-induced anti-ischemic activity. ( Endoh, H; Fujiwara, N; Ohama, E; Shimoji, K; Taga, K; Takahata, Y, 1987) |
| "Using a model of global cerebral ischemia in rats, we examined the effects of a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, nicardipine, on the liberation of free fatty acids (FFAs)." | 3.67 | Ca2+ antagonist and protection of the brain against ischemia. Effects of nicardipine on free fatty acid liberation in the ischemic brain in rats. ( Handa, J; Kidooka, M; Matsuda, M, 1987) |
| "We previously reported that whole-brain free fatty acids (FFA) rose almost linearly for up to 1 h after decapitation of unanesthetized rats and was significantly attenuated by pentobarbital anesthesia." | 3.66 | Reassessment of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia and its attenuation by barbiturate anesthesia. ( Nemmer, JP; Nemoto, EM; Shiu, GK, 1983) |
| "A mouse model of transient (90 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established, and western blotting, enzymic activity assay, and fluorescent immunostaining techniques were used." | 1.51 | Involvement of d-amino acid oxidase in cerebral ischaemia induced by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in mice. ( Han, QQ; Liu, H; Mao, XF; Wang, YX; Wang, ZY; Wu, HY; Zhao, MJ, 2019) |
| "Status epilepticus is common in infants and may have long-term consequences on the brain persisting into adulthood." | 1.36 | Harmful effect of kainic acid on brain ischemic damage is not related to duration of status epilepticus. ( Giorgi, FS; Hasson, H; Malhotra, S; Moshé, SL; Rosenbaum, DM, 2010) |
| "Hypothermia was induced in awake, anesthetized and brain ischemic-anesthetized rats." | 1.31 | Effect of hypothermia on brain multi-parametric activities in normoxic and partially ischemic rats. ( Etziony, R; Granot, E; Mayevsky, A; Sonn, J, 2002) |
| "Global cerebral ischemia was produced by a 10 min occlusion of both common carotid arteries 24 hr after the permanent electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries." | 1.29 | The effect of VA-045 on disturbance in consciousness in experimental animal models. ( Araki, H; Imagawa, Y; Ogawa, S; Okuyama, S; Otomo, S; Saito, Y; Sakagawa, T; Shima, K; Yamada, S, 1993) |
| "Pentobarbital pretreatment may be used to predict biochemical events involved in ischemic brain damage following bilateral carotid artery ligations in the gerbil, since it reduces the subsequent edema and mortality." | 1.28 | Arachidonic acid metabolism in gerbil cerebra: effects of ischemia and pentobarbital. ( Dorman, RV; Hamm, TF, 1990) |
| "Pretreatment with pentobarbital Na (30 mg/kg, i." | 1.28 | Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced hypoxia in mice: evaluation as an experimental model of cerebral ischemia for drug screening. ( Hiramatsu, Y; Kato, Y; Koida, M; Muguruma, K; Nakamuta, H; Ogawa, Y; Yasuda, K, 1989) |
| "Pentobarbital (60 mg/kg) was administered i." | 1.27 | Attenuation by pentobarbital of free fatty acid and diacylglycerol liberation during global ischaemia in rat brain. ( Hattori, T; Kameyama, Y; Nishimura, Y; Nozawa, Y; Sakai, N; Yamada, H, 1986) |
| "Pentobarbital (60 mg/kg) was administered i." | 1.27 | Inhibitory effect of pentobarbital on phospholipase C activity in ischaemic rat brain. ( Banno, Y; Hattori, T; Kameyama, Y; Nishimura, Y; Nozawa, Y; Sakai, N; Yamada, H, 1987) |
| "Cerebral ischemia was induced in unanesthetized gerbils using bilateral carotid artery ligations." | 1.27 | Effects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on prostanoid accumulation in unanesthetized and pentobarbital-treated gerbils. ( Dorman, RV, 1988) |
| "Brain ischemia was evoked by rat decapitation and pentobarbital (60 mg/kg) was administered i." | 1.27 | [Effects of pentobarbital on brain lipid metabolism during global ischemia]. ( Hattori, T; Kameyama, Y; Nishimura, Y; Nozawa, Y; Sakai, N; Yamada, H, 1986) |
| " The course of concentration under maintenance dosage was extremely variable, mainly due to interindividual and intraindividual variations in clearance." | 1.27 | [Thiopental kinetics in high-dose use]. ( Jensen, U; Murr, R; Peter, K; Schmiedeck, P; Taeger, K, 1986) |
| " The effective dosage of the drugs were 20-40 mg/kg in pentobarbital, 10-20 mg/kg in diazepam, and 12." | 1.27 | [Treatable ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus]. ( Kirino, T; Sano, K; Tamura, A; Tomukai, N, 1986) |
| "Focal cerebral ischemia initiates multiple detrimental effects in the brain." | 1.27 | Indomethacin-mediated improvement following middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. Effects of anesthesia. ( Dempsey, RJ; Donaldson, DL; Meyer, KL; Roy, MW, 1985) |
| "The neurological effects of cerebral ischemia episodes lasting 8, 9, or 10 minutes were compared in dogs treated with pentobarbital and those not treated." | 1.26 | No barbiturate protection in a dog model of complete cerebral ischemia. ( Michenfelder, JD; Milde, JH; Steen, PA, 1979) |
| " We observed a striking reduction in the size of infarction in the animals treated with thiopental at moderate and prolonged dosage levels." | 1.26 | The controlled delivery of thiopental and delayed cerebral revascularization. ( Agdeppa, D; Dujovny, M; Lipton, SD; Mazel, M; Nelson, D; Segel, R; Yonas, H, 1981) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 49 (56.98) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 25 (29.07) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 8 (9.30) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 4 (4.65) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Liu, H | 1 |
| Zhao, MJ | 1 |
| Wang, ZY | 1 |
| Han, QQ | 1 |
| Wu, HY | 1 |
| Mao, XF | 1 |
| Wang, YX | 1 |
| Chi, OZ | 1 |
| Barsoum, S | 1 |
| Rah, KH | 1 |
| Liu, X | 1 |
| Weiss, HR | 1 |
| Duan, YF | 1 |
| Liu, C | 1 |
| Zhao, YF | 1 |
| Duan, WM | 1 |
| Zhao, LR | 1 |
| Hasson, H | 1 |
| Malhotra, S | 1 |
| Giorgi, FS | 1 |
| Rosenbaum, DM | 1 |
| Moshé, SL | 1 |
| Krysl, D | 1 |
| Deykun, K | 1 |
| Lambert, L | 1 |
| Pokorny, J | 1 |
| Mares, J | 1 |
| WRIGHT, RL | 1 |
| AMES, A | 1 |
| Serres, S | 1 |
| Bezancon, E | 1 |
| Franconi, JM | 1 |
| Merle, M | 1 |
| Zhang, PB | 1 |
| Liu, Y | 1 |
| Li, J | 1 |
| Zhao, JJ | 1 |
| Kang, QY | 1 |
| Adachi, N | 1 |
| Liu, K | 1 |
| Motoki, A | 1 |
| Hiraga, N | 1 |
| Irisawa, Y | 1 |
| Semba, K | 1 |
| Arai, T | 1 |
| Ochiai, C | 1 |
| Asano, T | 1 |
| Tamura, A | 2 |
| Sano, K | 2 |
| Fukuda, T | 2 |
| Nakamura, T | 2 |
| Piatt, JH | 1 |
| Schiff, SJ | 1 |
| Morimoto, Y | 1 |
| Tsumagari, T | 1 |
| Wauquier, A | 1 |
| Clincke, G | 1 |
| Van den Broeck, WA | 1 |
| Hermans, C | 1 |
| Melis, W | 1 |
| VAn Loon, J | 1 |
| Nemoto, EM | 5 |
| Shiu, GK | 5 |
| Nemmer, JP | 2 |
| Bleyaert, AL | 2 |
| Nemmer, J | 1 |
| Belopavlovic, M | 1 |
| Buchthal, A | 1 |
| Lawner, PM | 1 |
| Laurent, JP | 1 |
| Simeone, FA | 1 |
| Fink, EA | 1 |
| Edgar, AD | 1 |
| Strosznajder, J | 1 |
| Horrocks, LA | 1 |
| Yonas, H | 1 |
| Dujovny, M | 1 |
| Nelson, D | 1 |
| Lipton, SD | 1 |
| Segel, R | 1 |
| Agdeppa, D | 1 |
| Mazel, M | 1 |
| Ignelzi, RJ | 2 |
| Astrup, J | 1 |
| Sørensen, PM | 1 |
| Sørensen, HR | 1 |
| Mayevsky, A | 2 |
| Lebourdais, S | 1 |
| Chance, B | 1 |
| Nakashima, K | 2 |
| Todd, MM | 3 |
| Warner, DS | 2 |
| Verhaegen, M | 1 |
| Iaizzo, PA | 1 |
| Ishimaru, H | 2 |
| Takahashi, A | 2 |
| Ikarashi, Y | 2 |
| Maruyama, Y | 3 |
| Okuyama, S | 2 |
| Imagawa, Y | 1 |
| Ogawa, S | 1 |
| Saito, Y | 1 |
| Araki, H | 3 |
| Otomo, S | 1 |
| Sakagawa, T | 1 |
| Yamada, S | 1 |
| Shima, K | 1 |
| Takaoka, S | 1 |
| Wu, B | 1 |
| Ludwig, PS | 1 |
| Pearlstein, RD | 1 |
| Brinkhous, AD | 1 |
| Dexter, F | 1 |
| Lavine, SD | 1 |
| Masri, LS | 1 |
| Levy, ML | 1 |
| Giannotta, SL | 1 |
| Nanri, M | 1 |
| Yamamoto, J | 1 |
| Miyake, H | 1 |
| Watanabe, H | 1 |
| Gross, CE | 1 |
| Bednar, MM | 1 |
| Lew, SM | 1 |
| Florman, JE | 1 |
| Kohut, JJ | 1 |
| McKinley, BA | 1 |
| Parmley, CL | 1 |
| Ito, H | 1 |
| Watanabe, Y | 1 |
| Isshiki, A | 1 |
| Uchino, H | 1 |
| Kwon, JY | 1 |
| Bacher, A | 1 |
| Deyo, DJ | 1 |
| Disterhoft, JF | 1 |
| Uchida, T | 1 |
| Zornow, MH | 1 |
| Nelson, RM | 1 |
| Green, AR | 1 |
| Lambert, DG | 1 |
| Hainsworth, AH | 1 |
| Cole, DJ | 1 |
| Cross, LM | 1 |
| Drummond, JC | 1 |
| Patel, PM | 1 |
| Jacobsen, WK | 1 |
| Sonn, J | 1 |
| Granot, E | 1 |
| Etziony, R | 1 |
| Steen, PA | 2 |
| Milde, JH | 2 |
| Michenfelder, JD | 3 |
| Sundt, TM | 1 |
| Anderson, RE | 1 |
| Hoff, JT | 1 |
| Marshall, L | 1 |
| Levy, DE | 1 |
| Brierley, JB | 2 |
| Weidler, DJ | 1 |
| Jallad, NS | 1 |
| Black, KL | 1 |
| Pulsinelli, WA | 1 |
| Rawlinson, D | 1 |
| Plum, F | 1 |
| Shibata, S | 2 |
| Kagami-ishi, Y | 1 |
| Ueki, S | 2 |
| Watanabe, S | 1 |
| Kodama, K | 1 |
| Araki, T | 4 |
| Kato, H | 4 |
| Kogure, K | 5 |
| Freund, TF | 1 |
| Buzsaki, G | 1 |
| Leon, A | 1 |
| Somogyi, P | 1 |
| Hara, H | 2 |
| Onodera, H | 1 |
| Beydoun, A | 1 |
| Yen, CE | 1 |
| Drury, I | 1 |
| Masukawa, T | 1 |
| Tochino, Y | 1 |
| Hamm, TF | 1 |
| Dorman, RV | 3 |
| Bhardwaj, A | 1 |
| Brannan, T | 1 |
| Weinberger, J | 1 |
| Inoue, T | 1 |
| Koida, M | 1 |
| Nakamuta, H | 1 |
| Yasuda, K | 1 |
| Muguruma, K | 1 |
| Hiramatsu, Y | 1 |
| Ogawa, Y | 1 |
| Kato, Y | 1 |
| Yamamoto, M | 1 |
| Kawabata, S | 1 |
| Shimizu, M | 1 |
| Karasawa, Y | 2 |
| Kawashima, K | 1 |
| Hayashi, M | 1 |
| Aihara, H | 2 |
| Huang, JH | 1 |
| Hattori, T | 3 |
| Nishimura, Y | 3 |
| Sakai, N | 3 |
| Yamada, H | 3 |
| Kameyama, Y | 3 |
| Nozawa, Y | 3 |
| Banno, Y | 1 |
| Berga, P | 1 |
| Beckett, PR | 1 |
| Roberts, DJ | 1 |
| Llenas, J | 1 |
| Massingham, R | 1 |
| Shiratsuchi, A | 1 |
| Sugio, K | 1 |
| Horigome, N | 1 |
| Inami, T | 1 |
| Tanaka, Y | 1 |
| Sakurai, M | 1 |
| Gotoh, M | 1 |
| Sakaguchi, T | 1 |
| Nedergaard, M | 1 |
| Diemer, NH | 1 |
| Edgehouse, NL | 1 |
| Shimoji, K | 2 |
| Takahata, Y | 2 |
| Fujiwara, N | 1 |
| Endoh, H | 1 |
| Taga, K | 1 |
| Ohama, E | 1 |
| Kidooka, M | 1 |
| Matsuda, M | 1 |
| Handa, J | 1 |
| Rivera, VM | 1 |
| Meyer, JS | 1 |
| Hata, T | 1 |
| Ishikawa, Y | 1 |
| Imai, A | 1 |
| Wagner, KR | 1 |
| Ting, P | 1 |
| Westfall, MV | 1 |
| Yamaguchi, S | 1 |
| Bacher, JD | 1 |
| Myers, RE | 1 |
| Taeger, K | 1 |
| Murr, R | 1 |
| Schmiedeck, P | 1 |
| Jensen, U | 1 |
| Peter, K | 1 |
| Kirino, T | 1 |
| Tomukai, N | 1 |
| Wendling, WW | 1 |
| Harakal, C | 1 |
| Dempsey, RJ | 1 |
| Roy, MW | 1 |
| Meyer, KL | 1 |
| Donaldson, DL | 1 |
| Chandler, MJ | 1 |
| DeLeo, J | 1 |
| Carney, JM | 1 |
| Hallmayer, J | 1 |
| Hossmann, KA | 1 |
| Mies, G | 1 |
| Du Bois, M | 1 |
| Bowman, PD | 1 |
| Goldstein, GW | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lidocaine For Neuroprotection During Cardiac Surgery[NCT00938964] | 550 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
"Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a 20-item self-report examination designed to measure symptoms of depression. Subjects rate the degree to which they have experienced a range of symptoms of depression, such as I had crying spells and I felt lonely. Scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms. Scores greater than 16 are typically considered indicative of clinically significant depression." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -1.27 |
| Placebo | -0.89 |
"Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a 20-item self-report examination designed to measure symptoms of depression. Subjects rate the degree to which they have experienced a range of symptoms of depression, such as I had crying spells and I felt lonely. Scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms. Scores greater than 16 are typically considered indicative of clinically significant depression." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.57 |
| Placebo | 0.16 |
To characterize cognitive function over time, while minimizing potential redundancy in the cognitive measures, a factor analysis was performed on the 14 cognitive test scores from baseline. We chose a five-factor solution, which represents 5 cognitive domains: structured verbal memory, unstructured verbal memory, executive function, visual memory and attention/concentration. To quantify overall cognitive function, a baseline cognitive index was first calculated as the mean of the 5 preoperative domain scores. The cognitive index score has a mean of zero, thus any positive score is above the mean, any negative score is below the mean. A continuous change score was then calculated by subtracting the baseline from the 1 year cognitive index. The resulting outcome measure is unbounded with standard deviation of 0.35. A negative change score indicating decline and a positive score indicating improvement (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: 1 year after surgery
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.09 |
| Placebo | 0.07 |
To characterize cognitive function over time, while minimizing potential redundancy in the cognitive measures, a factor analysis was performed on the 14 cognitive test scores from baseline. We chose a five-factor solution, which represents 5 cognitive domains: structured verbal memory, unstructured verbal memory, executive function, visual memory and attention/concentration. To quantify overall cognitive function, a baseline cognitive index was first calculated as the mean of the 5 preoperative domain scores. The cognitive index score has a mean of zero, thus any positive score is above the mean, any negative score is below the mean. A continuous change score was then calculated by subtracting the baseline from the 6-week cognitive index. The resulting outcome measure is unbounded with standard deviation of 0.35. A negative change score indicating decline and a positive score indicating improvement. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Preoperative to 6 weeks after surgery
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.07 |
| Placebo | 0.07 |
"The DASI is a 12-item scale of functional capacity that has been found to correlate well with objective measures of maximal exercise capacity. Items reflect activities of personal care, ambulation, household tasks, sexual function, and recreational activities. Activities done with no difficulty receive scores, which are weighted and summed, for a quantitative measure of functional status. Scores range from 0 to 60; a higher-weighted score indicates better function." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 6.3 |
| Placebo | 6.96 |
"The DASI is a 12-item scale of functional capacity that has been found to correlate well with objective measures of maximal exercise capacity. Items reflect activities of personal care, ambulation, household tasks, sexual function, and recreational activities. Activities done with no difficulty receive scores, which are weighted and summed, for a quantitative measure of functional status. Scores range from 0 to 60; a higher-weighted score indicates better function." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -10.98 |
| Placebo | -11.67 |
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item neurologic examination stroke scale used to evaluate the effect of acute cerebral infarction on the levels of consciousness, language, neglect, visual-field loss, extraocular movement, motor strength, ataxia, dysarthria, and sensory loss. A trained observer rates the patent's ability to answer questions and perform activities. Ratings for each item are scored with 3 to 5 grades with 0 as normal, and there is an allowance for untestable items. The range of scores is from 0 (normal) to 42 (profound effect of stroke on patient). (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.05 |
| Placebo | 0.07 |
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item neurologic examination stroke scale used to evaluate the effect of acute cerebral infarction on the levels of consciousness, language, neglect, visual-field loss, extraocular movement, motor strength, ataxia, dysarthria, and sensory loss. A trained observer rates the patent's ability to answer questions and perform activities. Ratings for each item are scored with 3 to 5 grades with 0 as normal, and there is an allowance for untestable items. The range of scores is from 0 (normal) to 42 (profound effect of stroke on patient). (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.05 |
| Placebo | 0.04 |
The Western perioperative neurologic scale was designed to detect neurologic deficits after cardiac surgery. It includes 14 items classified into eight domains (mentation, speech, cranial nerve function, motor weakness, sensation and cerebellum, reflexes, and gait). Each item is scored from 0 (severe deficit) to3 (normal), and a maximum score of 42 indicates normal neurological function. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.02 |
| Placebo | -0.02 |
The Western perioperative neurologic scale was designed to detect neurologic deficits after cardiac surgery. It includes 14 items classified into eight domains (mentation, speech, cranial nerve function, motor weakness, sensation and cerebellum, reflexes, and gait). Each item is scored from 0 (severe deficit) to3 (normal), and a maximum score of 42 indicates normal neurological function. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.04 |
| Placebo | -0.01 |
"Perceived Social Support Scale: Twelve items indicate how strongly subjects agree that there is a special person who is around when I am in need and my family really tries to help me. Choices range from very strongly disagree to very strongly agree. Items are summed for a range of 12 to 84, with a high score meaning more social support." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.71 |
| Placebo | -1.16 |
"Perceived Social Support Scale: Twelve items indicate how strongly subjects agree that there is a special person who is around when I am in need and my family really tries to help me. Choices range from very strongly disagree to very strongly agree. Items are summed for a range of 12 to 84, with a high score meaning more social support." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 1.23 |
| Placebo | -0.49 |
"Social Activity: This measure consisted of eight items that indicate the degree of social interaction. Sample items are How often do you talk on the telephone with friends and relatives? and How often do you attend meetings of social groups, clubs, or civic organizations? Scores range from 8 to 32. A lower score indicates more social activity." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -0.20 |
| Placebo | 0.03 |
"Social Activity: This measure consisted of eight items that indicate the degree of social interaction. Sample items are How often do you talk on the telephone with friends and relatives? and How often do you attend meetings of social groups, clubs, or civic organizations? Scores range from 8 to 32. A lower score indicates more social activity." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 0.95 |
| Placebo | 1.59 |
"Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI): The STAI consists of two 20-item scales that measure anxiety. Representative items include statements such as I feel nervous and I feel worried. These items are rated on a 4-point scale, based on how well they describe the patient's current or typical mood, from not at all to very much so. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -6.70 |
| Placebo | -6.39 |
"Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI): The STAI consists of two 20-item scales that measure anxiety. Representative items include statements such as I feel nervous and I feel worried. These items are rated on a 4-point scale, based on how well they describe the patient's current or typical mood, from not at all to very much so. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -7.12 |
| Placebo | -6.31 |
Symptom limitations: Patients were given a list of eight symptoms and asked to rate the degree to which the symptom limited daily activities. The symptoms were angina, shortness of breath, arthritis, back trouble, leg pains, headaches, fatigue, and other. Scores range from 8 to 32, with higher scores indicating greater limitations. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -1.39 |
| Placebo | -1.48 |
Symptom limitations: Patients were given a list of eight symptoms and asked to rate the degree to which the symptom limited daily activities. The symptoms were angina, shortness of breath, arthritis, back trouble, leg pains, headaches, fatigue, and other. Scores range from 8 to 32, with higher scores indicating greater limitations. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -0.67 |
| Placebo | -0.8 |
"Cognitive Difficulties Scale: a 39-item scale, is a self-report assessment of perceived problems in long- and short-term memory, concentration, attention, and psycho-motor coordination. Sample items are I forget errands I planned to do and I fail to recognize people I know. Scores range from 39 to 164, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive difficulty." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -0.46 |
| Placebo | -1.02 |
"Cognitive Difficulties Scale: a 39-item scale, is a self-report assessment of perceived problems in long- and short-term memory, concentration, attention, and psycho-motor coordination. Sample items are I forget errands I planned to do and I fail to recognize people I know. Scores range from 39 to 164, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive difficulty." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -3 |
| Placebo | -3.21 |
"Duke Older Americans Resources and Services Procedures- Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (OARS-IADL): This measure contains six items that assess the ability to perform important tasks for daily living (e.g., Could you prepare your own meals? Could you drive a car?). Scores range from 6 to 24. Higher scores indicate increasing difficulty in engaging in daily activities." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | -0.15 |
| Placebo | -0.31 |
"Duke Older Americans Resources and Services Procedures- Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (OARS-IADL): This measure contains six items that assess the ability to perform important tasks for daily living (e.g., Could you prepare your own meals? Could you drive a car?). Scores range from 6 to 24. Higher scores indicate increasing difficulty in engaging in daily activities." (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 2.46 |
| Placebo | 2.1 |
To characterize cognitive function over time, while minimizing potential redundancy in the cognitive measures, a factor analysis was performed on the 14 cognitive test scores from baseline. We chose a five-factor solution, which represents 5 cognitive domains: structured verbal memory, unstructured verbal memory, executive function, visual memory and attention/concentration. Each domain score is normally distributed with a mean of zero. A change score was calculated for each domain by subtracting the baseline from the 6-week score. A dichotomous outcome variable of post-operative cognitive deficit was defined as a decline of ≥1 standard deviation in 1 or more of the 5 domains. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Preoperative to 6 weeks after surgery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Lidocaine | 87 |
| Placebo | 83 |
The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): The SF-36 was designed to measure general health status. Two scales were used: Work Activities (four items) and General Health (one item). For the work activities scale, the reported score was the sum of four questions, each with values ranging from 1 to 4, the total score could range from 4 to 16. A higher score on Work Activities indicates more health-related problems For the general health question, the patients ranked their health from Excellent (1) to poor (5), the scale ranged from 1 to 5 with 1 being best health and 5 being worst. A high score in General Health indicates poorer health state. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 1-year
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 year Change Work Activities | 1 year Change General health perception | |
| Lidocaine | -1.37 | -0.28 |
| Placebo | -1.42 | -0.43 |
The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): The SF-36 was designed to measure general health status. Two scales were used: Work Activities (four items) and General Health (one item). For the work activities scale, the reported score was the sum of four questions, each with values ranging from 1 to 4, the total score could range from 4 to 16. A higher score on Work Activities indicates more health-related problems For the general health question, the patients ranked their health from Excellent (1) to poor (5), the scale ranged from 1 to 5 with 1 being best health and 5 being worst. A high score in General Health indicates poorer health state. (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: baseline, 6-weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6-Week Change Work activities | 6-Week Change General health perception | |
| Lidocaine | 2.71 | -0.004 |
| Placebo | 3 | -0.03 |
Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at baseline, cross-clamp removal, end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and 6 hours post cross-clamp removalime points and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post cross-clamp removal
| Intervention | Mean linear fluorescence intensity-MLFI (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cross-clamp removal | End of Bypass | 6 hours post cross-clamp removal | |
| Lidocaine | -0.15 | 0.02 | -0.73 | -0.10 |
| Placebo | -0.43 | -0.73 | -0.40 | 0.19 |
Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at baseline, cross-clamp removal, end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and 6 hours post cross-clamp removalime points and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post cross-clamp removal
| Intervention | Mean linear fluorescence intensity-MLFI (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cross-clamp removal | End of Bypass | 6 hours post cross-clamp removal | |
| Lidocaine | -4.22 | -2.46 | -0.34 | 1.21 |
| Placebo | -0.04 | 1.83 | 2.64 | 0.54 |
Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at baseline, cross-clamp removal, end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and 6 hours post cross-clamp removal and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post cross-clamp removal
| Intervention | Mean linear fluorescence intensity-MLFI (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cross-clamp removal | End of Bypass | 6 hours post cross-clamp removal | |
| Lidocaine | -2.02 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 1.04 |
| Placebo | -0.08 | 0.17 | 1.19 | -0.68 |
Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at baseline, cross-clamp removal, end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and 6 hours post cross-clamp removalime points and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups (NCT00938964)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post cross-clamp removal
| Intervention | Mean linear fluorescence intensity-MLFI (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cross-clamp removal | End of Bypass | 6 hours post cross-clamp removal | |
| Lidocaine | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.37 |
| Placebo | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
1 review available for pentobarbital and Brain Ischemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Barbiturate therapy in cerebral ischaemia.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru | 1980 |
85 other studies available for pentobarbital and Brain Ischemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Involvement of d-amino acid oxidase in cerebral ischaemia induced by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Disease Models, Animal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral A | 2019 |
Local O2 Balance in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Improved during Pentobarbital Compared with Isoflurane Anesthesia.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Infarction, Mi | 2015 |
Thiopental exaggerates ischemic brain damage and neurological deficits after experimental stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chloral Hydrate; Disease Models, Animal; D | 2009 |
Harmful effect of kainic acid on brain ischemic damage is not related to duration of status epilepticus.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Kainic Acid; Ma | 2010 |
Perifocal and remote blood-brain barrier disruption in cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion and its modulation by the choice of anesthesia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Ischemia; Exc | 2012 |
MEASUREMENT OF MAXIMAL PERMISSIBLE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND A STUDY OF ITS PHARMACOLOGIC PROLONGATION.
Topics: Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Infarction; | 1964 |
Ex vivo analysis of lactate and glucose metabolism in the rat brain under different states of depressed activity.
Topics: Alanine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circul | 2004 |
[Comparison of pentobarbital and propofol on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia model in rats].
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; In | 2004 |
A comparison of protective effects between L-histidine and hypothermia against ischemia-induced neuronal damage in gerbil hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Histamine; Histamine A | 2006 |
[An experimental study on the mechanism of the protective action of pentobarbital and Y-9179 against cerebral ischemia (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dogs; Electroencephalography; | 1981 |
High dose barbiturate therapy in neurosurgery and intensive care.
Topics: Barbiturates; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Criti | 1984 |
[Effect of nizofenone (Y-9179) on experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils].
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Female; Gerbillinae; Imidazoles; Male; Pentobarbital; Time Factors | 1984 |
Global incomplete ischemia in dogs assessed by quantitative EEG analysis. Effects of hypnotics and flunarizine.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cinnarizine; Computers; | 1984 |
Free fatty acid accumulation in the pathogenesis and therapy of ischemic-anoxic brain injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cinnarizine; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Flunarizine; Gallopamil; Hypoxia, | 1983 |
Reassessment of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia and its attenuation by barbiturate anesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 1983 |
Dose of thiopental, pentobarbital, and phenytoin for maximal therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemic anoxia.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Hypoxia, Brain; Ketami | 1983 |
Effect of extracranial-intracranial bypass and pentobarbital on acute stroke in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebral Revascularization; Cerebrova | 1982 |
Activation of ethanolamine phospholipase A2 in Brain during ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Arteries; Gerbillinae; Ketamine; Ligation; Pentobarbital; Ph | 1982 |
Efficacy of therapies and attenuation of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Etomidate; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Halothane; Hypothermi | 1981 |
The controlled delivery of thiopental and delayed cerebral revascularization.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebral Revascularization; Dogs; Dose-R | 1981 |
Protective effect of pentobarbital on ischemic brain cell nuclei.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Cell Nucleus; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; | 1981 |
Inhibition of cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption in the dog by hypothermia, pentobarbital, and lidocaine.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Dogs; Glucose; Hypothermia, Induced; Lidocaine; Oxy | 1981 |
Barbiturate attenuation of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Kinetics; Pentobarbita | 1981 |
The interrelation between brain PO2 and NADH oxidation-reduction state in the gerbil.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Ischemia; Chloral Hydrate; Cortical Spreading D | 1980 |
The relation between cerebral metabolic rate and ischemic depolarization. A comparison of the effects of hypothermia, pentobarbital, and isoflurane.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Hypothermia, Induced; Isoflurane; M | 1995 |
A comparison of the effects of hypothermia, pentobarbital, and isoflurane on cerebral energy stores at the time of ischemic depolarization.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Hypothermia, Induced; Isoflurane; Male; Memb | 1995 |
Pentobarbital protects against CA1 pyramidal cell death but not dysfunction of hippocampal cholinergic neurons following transient ischemia.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Female; Gerbillinae | 1995 |
The effect of VA-045 on disturbance in consciousness in experimental animal models.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Consciousness; Craniocerebral Trauma; Disease Mo | 1993 |
Electroencephalographic burst suppression is not required to elicit maximal neuroprotection from pentobarbital in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pento | 1996 |
Effects of hypothermia, pentobarbital, and isoflurane on postdepolarization amino acid release during complete global cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; G | 1996 |
Effects of MK-801 and pentobarbital on cholinergic terminal damage and delayed neuronal death in the ischemic gerbil hippocampus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dizocilpine Maleate | 1997 |
Temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in intracranial aneurysm surgery: time limitation and advantage of brain protection.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Brai | 1997 |
Protective effect of GTS-21, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist, on delayed neuronal death induced by ischemia in gerbils.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Benzylidene Compounds; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; GA | 1998 |
Preoperative volume expansion improves tolerance to carotid artery cross-clamping during endarterectomy.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Stenosis; Dominance, | 1998 |
Effects of injury and therapy on brain parenchyma pO2, pCO2, pH and ICP following severe closed head injury.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cra | 1998 |
Neuroprotective properties of propofol and midazolam, but not pentobarbital, on neuronal damage induced by forebrain ischemia, based on the GABAA receptors.
Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA | 1999 |
Effects of pentobarbital and isoflurane on conditioned learning after transient global cerebral ischemia in rabbits.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Conditioning, Classical; Is | 2000 |
On the regulation of ischaemia-induced glutamate efflux from rat cortex by GABA; in vitro studies with GABA, clomethiazole and pentobarbitone.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Chlormethiazole; Female; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyr | 2000 |
Thiopentone and methohexital, but not pentobarbitone, reduce early focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Electroencephalography; Free Radicals; Glutamic Acid; Male; | 2001 |
Effect of hypothermia on brain multi-parametric activities in normoxic and partially ischemic rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hypothermia; Male; Mitochondria; NAD; O | 2002 |
No barbiturate protection in a dog model of complete cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dogs; Energy Metabolism | 1979 |
Intracellular redox states under halothane and barbiturate anesthesia in normal, ischemic, and anoxic monkey brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Halothane; Haplorhini; | 1979 |
Barbiturates in neurosurgery.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebral Infarction; Dogs; Haplorhini; Humans; Hypoxia, | 1979 |
Delayed pentobarbital administration limits ischemic brain damage in gerbils.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Gerbillina | 1979 |
Critical plasma pentobarbital levels in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Electrocardiography; Pentobarbital; Serum | 1979 |
Effect of various drugs on ischemic glial nuclei.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Nucleus; Dexamethasone; Female; Furosemide; Hypo | 1979 |
Barbiturate exacerbation of ischemic brain damage following bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the rat.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Pentobarbital; Rats | 1979 |
Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of barbiturate therapy following complete global ischemia.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Do | 1978 |
Neuroprotective effect of WEB 1881 FU (nebracetam) on an ischemia-induced deficit of glucose uptake in rat hippocampal and cerebral cortical slices and CA1 field potential in hippocampal slices.
Topics: Animals; Benzoquinones; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Deoxyglucose; Electrophysiology; Evoked Pot | 1992 |
Protective effect of minaprine against the abnormal changes of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat hippocampal slices induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Deoxyglucose; Hippocampus | 1992 |
Postischemic alteration of muscarinic acetylcholine and adenosine A1 binding sites in gerbil brain. Protective effects of a novel vinca alkaloid derivative, vinconate, and pentobarbital using an autoradiographic study.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Gerbillinae; Male; Pentobarbital; Receptors, Muscar | 1992 |
Hippocampal cell death following ischemia: effects of brain temperature and anesthesia.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Chloral Hydrate; Drug | 1990 |
Involvement of lipid peroxidation and inhibitory mechanisms on ischemic neuronal damage in gerbil hippocampus: quantitative autoradiographic studies on second messenger and neurotransmitter systems.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Autoradiography; Body Temperature; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channels; Chlorides; | 1991 |
Variance of interburst intervals in burst suppression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Fem | 1991 |
Comparative protective effects of vinconate, baclofen, and pentobarbital against neuronal damage following repeated brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbil brain.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Brain Ischemia; Gerbillinae; Male; Neurons; P | 1991 |
[Experimental study on arrhythmias induced by cerebral ischemia and ouabain in Mongolian gerbils].
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Electrocardiograph | 1991 |
Circadian periodicity in the duration of decapitation-induced gasping in mice.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain Death; Brain Ischemia; Circadian Rhythm; Ethanol; Hypothermia, Indu | 1991 |
Arachidonic acid metabolism in gerbil cerebra: effects of ischemia and pentobarbital.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Ethanolamine | 1990 |
Pentobarbital inhibits extracellular release of dopamine in the ischemic striatum.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Corpus Striatum; Depression, Chemical; Dopa | 1990 |
Prevention of hippocampus neuronal damage in ischemic gerbils by a novel lipid peroxidation inhibitor (quinazoline derivative).
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Ischemia; Free Radicals; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Lipid Peroxidatio | 1990 |
Regional neuroprotective effects of pentobarbital on ischemia-induced brain damage.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Gerbillinae; Hi | 1990 |
Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced hypoxia in mice: evaluation as an experimental model of cerebral ischemia for drug screening.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation | 1989 |
Pharmacological effects of indeloxazine, a new cerebral activator, on brain functions distinct from other cerebral metabolic enhancers.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Biotransformation; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cauda | 1989 |
The adenosine analogue and cerebral protecting agent, AMG-1, has no effect on delayed neuronal death following ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1989 |
Attenuation by pentobarbital of free fatty acid and diacylglycerol liberation during global ischaemia in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Diglycerides; Fatty Acids; Glyc | 1986 |
Inhibitory effect of pentobarbital on phospholipase C activity in ischaemic rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Edetic Acid; Male; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strain | 1987 |
Synergistic interactions between piracetam and dihydroergocristine in some animal models of cerebral hypoxia and ischaemia.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dihydroergotox | 1986 |
Protective effects of minaprine on the cerebrum of rodents.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain Ischemia; Hypoxia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inb | 1988 |
Effects of pentobarbital and cyproheptadine on brain ischemia induced by bilateral occlusions of carotid arteries and vertebral arteries of second cervical vertebra in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cyproheptadine; Electroencep | 1988 |
Effects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on prostanoid accumulation in unanesthetized and pentobarbital-treated gerbils.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Consciousness; Eicosanoic Acids; Gerbillinae; | 1988 |
Experimental cerebral ischemia: barbiturate resistant increase in regional glucose utilization.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Male; | 1988 |
Ischemia-induced development of cerebral edema in awake and anesthetized gerbils.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Gerbillinae; Male; Pentobarbital | 1987 |
Effects of pentobarbital and ketamine on brain injury-induced anti-ischemic activity.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Ketamine; Male; Mi | 1987 |
Ca2+ antagonist and protection of the brain against ischemia. Effects of nicardipine on free fatty acid liberation in the ischemic brain in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Decerebrate State; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Ma | 1987 |
Narcolepsy following cerebral hypoxic ischemia.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Middle A | 1986 |
[Effects of pentobarbital on brain lipid metabolism during global ischemia].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbr | 1986 |
Brain metabolic correlates of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral necrosis in mid-gestational sheep fetuses: significance of hypotension.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetal Diseases; Hypotensi | 1986 |
Brain injury improves survival of mice following brain ischemia.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Mice; Pentobarbital | 1986 |
[Thiopental kinetics in high-dose use].
Topics: Adult; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; H | 1986 |
[Treatable ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus].
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Diazepam; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Humans; Imidazoles; Pentobarbital | 1986 |
Comparative actions of pentobarbital and verapamil on canine cerebral and peripheral arteries in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Cerebral Arteries; Dinoprost; Dogs; Female; In Vitro Tec | 1985 |
Indomethacin-mediated improvement following middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. Effects of anesthesia.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Evoked P | 1985 |
An unanesthetized-gerbil model of cerebral ischemia-induced behavioral changes.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Gerbillinae; Male; Motor Activity; Pent | 1985 |
Low dose of barbiturates for prevention of hippocampal lesions after brief ischemic episodes.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Male; Pentobarbital; Time Factors | 1985 |
Cell proliferation after ischemic infarction in gerbil brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Artery Thrombosis; Cell Division; Cerebral | 1985 |