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pentobarbital and Apnea

pentobarbital has been researched along with Apnea in 22 studies

Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.

Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Time to achieve recumbency, LORR, quiescent electromyograph, isoelectric electrocorticograph, heart rate and apnea were recorded."3.83Assessment of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen, Isoflurane and Pentobarbital Killing Methods in Adult Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. ( Chisholm, JM; Pang, DS, 2016)
" However, activation of a discrete region of the MM at the level of the caudal pole of the facial nucleus (CP7) consistently caused a dramatic reduction in phrenic nerve amplitude and/or frequency and, in six rats, produced a prolonged apnea."3.72A mapping study of cardiorespiratory responses to chemical stimulation of the midline medulla oblongata in ventilated and freely breathing rats. ( Goodchild, AK; Pilowsky, PM; Verner, TA, 2004)
"We recently showed that the glottis is actively closed throughout post-hyperventilation, hypocapnic central apnea in lambs."3.69Prolonged active glottic closure after barbiturate-induced respiratory arrest in lambs. ( Dalle, D; Diaz, V; Kianicka, I; Leroux, JF; Praud, JP, 1996)
" The response to bolus injection of PDG into the right atrium was qualitatively similar to the one seen in cats under anesthesia, consisting of bradycardia and apnea followed by rapid shallow breathing (RSB)."3.67The respiratory response to stimulation of juxta-pulmonary capillary receptors in the non-anesthetized cat. ( Ginzel, KH; Lucas, EA, 1985)
" In PS, loss of PCA and CT's inspiratory activity during rhythmic D activity may contribute to obstructive apnea; PCA and CT co-activation with D arrest characterizes central type apnea."3.66Respiratory EMG activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid and diaphragm muscles during sleep. ( Megirian, D; Sherrey, JH, 1980)
" We stimulated the entire reflex pathway by producing apnea or hypoventilation, the sensory pathway by electrically stimulating the proximal end of cut superior laryngeal nerves, and the motor pathway by stimulating the distal end of a cut cervical vagus nerve."3.66Selective effect of general anesthetics on reflex bronchoconstrictor responses in dogs. ( Fabbri, LM; Graf, PD; Hahn, HL; Holtzman, MJ; Nadel, JA; Sasaki, K; Skoogh, BE, 1982)
" Apnea followed by rapid shallow breathing was observed in most animals."3.66Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to right atrial injections of phenyl diguanide in pentobarbital-anesthetized newborn piglets. ( Gootman, N; Gootman, PM; Schleman, M, 1979)
" All groups developed apnea at different PB levels."3.66Pentobarbital-induced apneusis in intact, vagotomized, and pneumotaxic-lesioned cats. ( Peiss, CN; Webber, CL, 1979)
" In three cats, at PACO2 levels below 30 mmHg, aortic obstruction resulted in brief periods of apnea."3.65Control of depth and frequency of breathing during baroreceptor stimulation in cats. ( Derenne, JP; Grunstein, MM; Milic-Emili, J, 1975)
"10) led to depression of both respiratory frequency and tidal volume, resulting in apnea within 1."3.65Hypoxia-induced tachypnea in carotid-deafferented cats. ( Miller, MJ; Tenney, SM, 1975)
" Three minutes after pretreatment, group 1 (n = 11), group 3 (n = 10), and their respective control groups (n = 11 and n = 9) received intravenous bupivacaine LD50 (median lethal dose)."1.28Nimodipine reduces the toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats. ( Horn, JL; Hyman, SA; Kambam, JR; Kinney, WW; Skelley, CC, 1992)

Research

Studies (22)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199014 (63.64)18.7374
1990's4 (18.18)18.2507
2000's2 (9.09)29.6817
2010's1 (4.55)24.3611
2020's1 (4.55)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Shoemaker, A1
Steelman, K1
Srbu, R1
Bell, HJ1
Chisholm, JM1
Pang, DS1
BRUMLIK, J1
MIER, M1
PETROVICK, M1
JENSEN, HP1
Hussain, AS1
Siddiqui, MS1
Hamdard, F1
Mayhew, JF1
Verner, TA1
Goodchild, AK1
Pilowsky, PM1
Sherrey, JH1
Megirian, D1
Holtzman, MJ1
Hahn, HL1
Sasaki, K1
Skoogh, BE1
Graf, PD2
Fabbri, LM1
Nadel, JA2
Praud, JP1
Kianicka, I1
Diaz, V1
Leroux, JF1
Dalle, D1
Grunstein, MM1
Derenne, JP1
Milic-Emili, J1
Schleman, M1
Gootman, N1
Gootman, PM1
Webber, CL1
Peiss, CN1
Miller, MJ1
Tenney, SM1
Hyman, SA1
Kinney, WW2
Horn, JL1
Skelley, CC1
Kambam, JR2
Jacobi, MS1
Gershan, WM1
Thach, BT1
Matsuda, F1
Wright, W1
Tatár, M1
Korpás, J1
Polácek, H1
Záhradný, V1
Ginzel, KH1
Lucas, EA1
Chopdar, A1
Coates, AL1
Hogg, JC1
Thurlbeck, WM1
Levy, W1
Gillespie, JR1
Phillipson, EA1
Hickey, RF1
Stemmer, EA1
Crawford, DW1
List, JW1
Heber, RE1
Connolly, JE1

Other Studies

22 other studies available for pentobarbital and Apnea

ArticleYear
Disparity in the effect of morphine on eupnea and gasping in anesthetized spontaneously breathing adult rats.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2020, 11-01, Volume: 319, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Apnea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypox

2020
Assessment of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen, Isoflurane and Pentobarbital Killing Methods in Adult Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.
    PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:9

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Animals; Apnea; Bradycardia; Carbon Dioxide; Electrocardiography; Electrocort

2016
[EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON A FORM OF RESTING TREMOR IN THE EXTREMITIES OF HEALTHY DOGS].
    Pflugers Archiv fur die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere, 1964, Jan-30, Volume: 278

    Topics: Apnea; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Extremities; Heart Arres

1964
Postoperative apnoea in an ex-premature infant: is it only related to clonidine?
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:8

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Apnea; Bupivacaine; Clonidi

2003
A mapping study of cardiorespiratory responses to chemical stimulation of the midline medulla oblongata in ventilated and freely breathing rats.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2004, Volume: 287, Issue:2

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Apnea; Bradycardia; Brain Mapping; Glutami

2004
Respiratory EMG activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid and diaphragm muscles during sleep.
    Respiration physiology, 1980, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Diaphragm; Electromyography; Laryngeal Muscles; Muscles; Pentobarbit

1980
Selective effect of general anesthetics on reflex bronchoconstrictor responses in dogs.
    Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1982, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Amobarbital; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Apnea; Bronchi; Chloralose; Dogs; Hypoventil

1982
Prolonged active glottic closure after barbiturate-induced respiratory arrest in lambs.
    Respiration physiology, 1996, Volume: 104, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Electrodes, Implanted; Electromyography;

1996
Control of depth and frequency of breathing during baroreceptor stimulation in cats.
    Journal of applied physiology, 1975, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Aorta; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Brachial Artery; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Fem

1975
Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to right atrial injections of phenyl diguanide in pentobarbital-anesthetized newborn piglets.
    Pediatric research, 1979, Volume: 13, Issue:11

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aorta; Apnea; Biguanides; Blood Pressure; Bradyca

1979
Pentobarbital-induced apneusis in intact, vagotomized, and pneumotaxic-lesioned cats.
    Respiration physiology, 1979, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Apnea; Cats; Computers; Denervation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Infusions, Parentera

1979
Hypoxia-induced tachypnea in carotid-deafferented cats.
    Respiration physiology, 1975, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Animals; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Carotid Body; Carotid Sinus; Catecholamines; Cats

1975
Nimodipine reduces the toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1992, Volume: 74, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Bupivacaine; Cardiovascular System; Drug Interact

1992
Effect of pentobarbital on spontaneous recovery from hypoxic apnoea in mice.
    Respiration physiology, 1991, Volume: 84, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Apnea; Body Temperature; Hypoxia; Kinetics; Mice; Pentobarbital; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure;

1991
Nicardipine reduces the cardio-respiratory toxicity of intravenously administered bupivacaine in rats.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1990, Volume: 37, Issue:8

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Conduction; Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bupivacaine; Hea

1990
Changes induced by severe hypoxia in respiratory defence reflexes in anaesthetized cats.
    Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 1986, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Apnea; Cats; Cough; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; M

1986
The respiratory response to stimulation of juxta-pulmonary capillary receptors in the non-anesthetized cat.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1985, Volume: 35, Issue:1A

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Aorta; Apnea; Arousal; Biguanides; Capillaries; Cats; Dose-Response Relationshi

1985
Sedation for cataract surgery. Comparison of Carbrital and neuroleptanalgesia.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 1970, Volume: 54, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benperidol; Butyrates; Cataract Extraction; Fentanyl; Humans; Hyp

1970
Protection against barbiturate anaesthesia death in rabbits.
    British journal of experimental pathology, 1974, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Male; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Pentobarbital;

1974
Emergency ventilator for resuscitating apneic horses.
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1972, Volume: 161, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concen

1972
Hering-Breuer inflation reflex and regulation of breathing in conscious dogs.
    Journal of applied physiology, 1971, Volume: 31, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Apnea; Autonomic Nerve Block; Dogs; Halothane; Pentobarbital; Physical Exertion; Reflex; Re

1971
Diaphragmatic pacing in the treatment of hypoventilation syndrome.
    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 1967, Volume: 54, Issue:5

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Diaphragm; Dogs; Electric

1967