pectins and Stomach-Neoplasms

Gastrectomy is among the most crucial types of surgeries proposed to treat gastric cancer and obesity. Gastrectomy patients experience difficulties such as energy deficit, anorexia, and malnutrition. The objective of the present study was to introduce nanofood as a fruitful strategy to supply the needed energy and nutrients for these patients and particularly control the release of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates on the simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cooked pumpkin puree (CPP), sodium caseinate, sesame oil, rice bran oil, rice starch, sugar and pectin were applied to prepare oil in water nanoemulsion. Six delivery systems were prepared including various concentrations of zein (0.02-0.15% w/v) and alginate (0.01-0.16% w/v) in acidic (2.45-2.81) and alkaline (11.45-11.82) pH ranges. The particle size (83.5-207.0 nm) and calorific values (467.2-498.4 Cal/100 g) of samples were measured. Encapsulated food matrix nanoemulsion with zein/alginate's biopolymers delivery system (0.15:0.16 w/v, pH = 8.30) with 489.9 Cal/100 g exhibited the least digestible nutrients in the mouth (0.10%>) and gastric phase (6.91%>). It has high release nutrients in the small intestine phase (72.14%>). Therefore, it is introduced as the optimal formulation. The use of CPP in nanoemulsion formulation besides other ingredients is a good strategy to prepare nanofood for gastrectomy patients.

Topics: Alginates; Caseins; Cucurbita; Energy Metabolism; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Obesity; Particle Size; Pectins; Stomach Neoplasms; Zein

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Oligosaccharides; Pectins; Solanum lycopersicum; Stomach Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship

Low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) is a complex polysaccharide that displays abundant galactosyl (i.e., sugar carbohydrate) residues. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor properties of LCP that lead to Bcl-xL -mediated dampening of apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells.. We used AGS gastric cancer and SW-480 colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the effects of LCP on cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis in cultured cells and tumor xenografts.. Significantly decreased cell viabilities were observed in LCP treated AGS and SW-480 cells (P<0.05). Cell cycle-related protein expression, such as Cyclin B1, was also decreased in LCP treated groups as compared to the untreated group. The AGS or SW-480 cell-line tumor xenografts were significantly smaller in the LCP treated group as compared the untreated group (P<0.05). LCP treatment decreased Galectin-3 (GAL-3) expression levels, which is an important gene in cancer metastasis that results in reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased suppression of Bcl-xL and Survivin to promote apoptosis. Moreover, results demonstrated synergistic tumor suppressor activity of LCP and 5-FU against gastrointestinal cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro.. LCP effectively inhibits the growth and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer cells, and does so in part by down-regulating Bcl-xL and Cyclin B to promote apoptosis, and suppress EMT. Thus, LCP alone or in combination with other treatments has a high potential as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.

Topics: Apoptosis; bcl-X Protein; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Galectin 3; Humans; Pectins; Stomach Neoplasms

Polysaccharide containing extracts from immature fruits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are known to exhibit antiadhesive effects against bacterial adhesion of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to stomach tissue. The present study investigates structural and functional features of polymers responsible for this inhibition of bacterial attachment to host cells. Ammonium sulfate precipitation of an aqueous extract yielded two fractions at 60% and 90% saturation with significant antiadhesive effects against H. pylori, strain J99, (FE60% 68% ± 15%; FE90% 75% ± 11% inhibition rates) after preincubation of the bacteria at 1 mg/mL. Sequential extraction of okra fruits yielded hot buffer soluble solids (HBSS) with dose dependent antiadhesive effects against strain J99 and three clinical isolates. Preincubation of H. pylori with HBSS (1 mg/mL) led to reduced binding to 3'-sialyl lactose, sialylated Le(a) and Le(x). A reduction of bacterial binding to ligands complementary to BabA and SabA was observed when bacteria were pretreated with FE90%. Structural analysis of the antiadhesive polysaccharides (molecular weight, monomer composition, linkage analysis, stereochemistry, and acetylation) indicated the presence of acetylated rhamnogalacturonan-I polymers, decorated with short galactose side chains. Deacetylation of HBSS and FE90% resulted in loss of the antiadhesive activity, indicating esterification being a prerequisite for antiadhesive activity.

Topics: Abelmoschus; Acetylation; Adenocarcinoma; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Fruit; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Pectins; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Cellulose; Chemical Precipitation; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Foreign Bodies; Gels; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Pectins; Radiography; Silicon Dioxide; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Vomiting