pectins and Hemolysis

This study aimed to investigate the influence of kappa (κ)-carrageenan on the initial stages of the foreign body response against pectin gel. Pectin-carrageenan (P-Car) gel beads were prepared from the apple pectin and κ-carrageenan using gelling with calcium ions. The inclusion of 0.5% κ-carrageenan (Car0.5) in the 1.5 (P1.5) and 2% pectin (P2) gel formulations decreased the gel strength by 2.5 times. Car0.5 was found to increase the swelling of P2 gel beads in the cell culture medium. P2 gel beads adsorbed 30-42 mg/g of bovine serum albumin (BSA) depending on pH. P2-Car0.2, P2-Car0.5, and P1.5-Car0.5 beads reduced BSA adsorption by 3.1, 5.2, and 4.0 times compared to P2 beads, respectively, at pH 7. The P1.5-Car0.5 beads activated complement and induced the haemolysis less than gel beads of pure pectin. Moreover, P1.5-Car0.5 gel beads allowed less adhesion of mouse peritoneal macrophages, TNF-α production, and NF-κB activation than the pure pectin gel beads. There were no differences in TLR4 and ICAM-1 levels in macrophages treated with P and P-Car gel beads. P2-Car0.5 hydrogel demonstrated lower adhesion to serous membrane than P2 hydrogel. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the inclusion of κ-carrageenan in the apple pectin gel improves its biocompatibility.

Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Carrageenan; Gels; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrogels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Malus; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-kappa B; Pectins; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Hydrogel can provide a favorable moisture environment for skin wound healing. In this study, a novel in-situ crosslinked injectable hydrogel was prepared using the water-soluble amidated pectin (AP) and oxidized chitosan (OC) through Schiff-base reaction without any chemical crosslinker. The influence of AP content on the properties of the hydrogel was systemically investigated. It showed that gelation time, pore structure, swelling capability and degradability of the hydrogel can be tuned by varying the content of amine and aldehyde groups from AP and OC. All the porous hydrogels with various AP contents (65%, 70%, and 80%) presented desirable gelation time, swelling property, high hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Particularly, AP-OC-65 hydrogel presented superior swelling capability and better hemo- and bio-compatibility, owing to more residual amine sites in the hydrogel. Therefore, the injectable AP-OC-65 hydrogel has a greater potential for application to wound dressing or skin substitute.

Topics: Amides; Animals; Bandages; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chitosan; Cross-Linking Reagents; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrogels; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Pectins; Schiff Bases; Skin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Thermodynamics; Wound Healing

The application of non-toxic carriers to increase drug loading, multi-drug delivery, and extremely small size of nano-drugs to construct a tremendous transmission system is the goal for all researchers to be pursued. The proposal of natural pectin nano-platform for delivery of multiple drugs is critical for biomedical research, especially a particle size of below 100nm with high yield. Here we design a new core-shell structure pectin-eight-arm polyethylene glycol-ursolic acid/hydrooxycampothecin nanoparticle (Pec-8PUH NPs) through a special self-assembly method for stabilizing and dispersing particles, improving water-solubility, and achieving drug controlled release. The obtained Pec-8PUH NPs possessed appropriate size (~91nm), drug-loaded efficiency and encapsulation efficiency through the regulation of eight-arm polyethylene glycol. In addition, Pec-8PUH NPs could enhance cell cytotoxicity, shorten blood retention time (7.3-fold UA, 7.2-fold HCPT) and more effective cellular uptake than free drugs, which exhibited an obvious synergistic effect of UA and HCPT by the co-delivery. 4T1 tumor-bearing mice also showed a higher survival rate than free UA and free HCPT. The result further shows that this novel drug delivery system has a promising potential for anti-cancer combination therapy.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Camptothecin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Female; Half-Life; Hemolysis; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Particle Size; Pectins; Polyethylene Glycols; Transplantation, Heterologous; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

In this study, we have reported the fabrication and evaluation of pectin-capped gold nanoparticles (PEC-AuNPs) for delivery of anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) to cells overexpressing asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). Pectin was used as a reducing, stabilizing and targeting agent. The pectin-capped gold nanoparticles demonstrated surface plasmon resonance band at 519 nm. The PEC-AuNPs were spherical in shape with a particle size of 14 nm and zeta potential value of -33 mV and were biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. The PEC-AuNPs exhibited a high drug loading efficiency of 78%. The DOX-loaded gold nanoparticles (DOX-PEC-AuNPs) showed excellent stability under varying pH and electrolytic conditions. The cytotoxicity study of the DOX-PEC-AuNPs in human Caucasian hepatocyte cells demonstrated their greater potency in killing these cells as compared to free DOX. The uptake and targeting potential of DOX-PEC-AuNPs was thoroughly investigated. Further, it was found that the PEC-AuNPs were taken up by HepG2 cells via a clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis by asialoglycoprotein receptor present of the surface of these cells. Thus, the PEC-capped AuNPs can prove a promising carrier for anticancer drug in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Endocytosis; Engineering; Gold; Hemolysis; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Metal Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Pectins

Pectin has been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. In this study, it was modified with sodium periodate as an oxidant and characterized by physicochemical methods Periodate oxidation increased the contents of dialdehyde units and carboxyl groups in pectin, and a decrease in pectin viscosity was measured. The oxidization reaction led to a significant decrease in all values of molecular weight and size (Mn, Mw, [η] and Rh) as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), which allowed the selection of the oxidized pectin to be added to chitosan. Chitosan-based films were characterized by infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Thermal behaviour studies demonstrated that interactions existed between chitosan and oxidized pectin. The haemolysis percentages of films were found to be less than 5%, which indicated their good blood compatibility. Finally, the antibacterial activity was clearly improved. Cross-linking reactions between pectin and chitosan through ionic bonds and amide bonds and between chitosan and oxidized pectin through Schiff base formation were evidenced, which opens the way to extend applications of these polysaccharides; notably, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of these new networks is convenient for pharmaceutical, biomedical or cosmetic applications.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chitosan; Hemolysis; Humans; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction; Pectins; Schiff Bases

In the present studies, renewable and nontoxic biopolymer, pectin, was extracted from Indian red pomelo fruit peels and used for the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Biological Therapy; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Death; Cerium; Citrus; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Pectins; Picrates; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; X-Ray Diffraction

The berries of Sambucus nigra have traditionally been used and are still used to treat respiratory illnesses such as cold and flu in Europe, Asia and America. The aim of this paper was to elucidate the structures and the immunomodulating properties of the pectic polymers from elderberries. All the purified fractions obtained from 50% ethanol, 50°C water and 100°C water extracts showed potent dose-dependent complement fixating activity and macrophage stimulating activity. The isolated fractions consisted of long homogalacturonan regions, in addition to arabinogalactan-I and arabinogalactan-II probably linked to a rhamnogalacturonan backbone. Reduced bioactivity was observed after reduction of Araf residues and 1→3,6 Gal by weak acid hydrolysis. The rhamnogalacturonan region in SnBe50-I-S3-I and SnBe50-I-S3-II showed higher activity compared to the native polymer, SnBe50-S3, after enzymatic treatment with endo-α-d-(1→4)-polygalacturonase. These results indicated that elderberries contained immunomodulating polysaccharides, where the ramified regions express the activities observed.

Topics: Animals; Artemia; Cell Line; Hemolysis; Immunologic Factors; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Mice; Pectins; Sambucus; Sheep; Structure-Activity Relationship

The role of electrostatic interactions in the attachment and fusion at acidic pH of Sindbis virus (SNV) with goose erythrocytes was studied, investigating the effect of several anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on SNV hemagglutination and hemolysis. In order to establish the target of active drugs, the compounds were incubated either with the virus particles or with the erythrocytes. Dextran sulfate was the only compound able to inhibit the attachment of SNV to the erythrocytes. Fusion of virus with red cells was reduced dose-dependently by the polyanions dextran sulfate, mucin and polygalacturonic acid. On the contrary two polycations, polylysine and polybrene, enhanced viral hemolytic activity. However the effect of polyions is not exclusively related to the electric charge since ineffective molecules were found in both classes of compounds.

Topics: Animals; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dextran Sulfate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Geese; Hemagglutination, Viral; Hemolysis; Heparin; Hexadimethrine Bromide; Histones; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mucins; Pectins; Polylysine; Polymyxin B; Protamines; Sindbis Virus; Vero Cells