pectins and Dyslipidemias

The prevalence of obesity has raised global concerns. Environmental pollutants are one of the main causes of obesity. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber could reduce obesity induced by high-fat diets, but whether environmental pollutant-induced obesity can be reversed is still unknown.. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectin on obesity induced by a typical environmental pollutant p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and explore the underlying mechanism by which pectin reversed p,p'-DDE-induced obesity.. p,p'-DDE was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and pectin was supplied during and after cessation of p,p'-DDE exposure. Body and fat weight gain, plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance of mice were assessed. Gut microbiota composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the receptor proteins and hormones in the SCFAs-related signaling pathway were analyzed. Moreover, p,p'-DDE levels in various tissues of mice were detected.. Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in p,p'-DDE-exposed mice. Furthermore, pectin apparently altered the p,p'-DDE-induced microbial composition and then promoted the levels of SCFAs in colonic feces as well as the expression of G-protein coupled receptors and the concentration of hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Pectin treatment also significantly reduced p,p'-DDE accumulation in mice tissues during p,p'-DDE exposure but did not change p,p'-DDE metabolism after termination of p,p'-DDE exposure.. Pectin had a good effect on reducing p,p'-DDE-induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of environmental pollutant-caused health problems.

Topics: Animals; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dyslipidemias; Environmental Pollutants; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperglycemia; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Pectins

Many functional foods and dietary supplements have been reported to be beneficial for the management of dyslipidaemia, one of the major risk factors for CVD. Soluble fibres and legume proteins are known to be a safe and practical approach for cholesterol reduction. The present study aimed at investigating the hypocholesterolaemic effect of the combinations of these bioactive vegetable ingredients and their possible effects on the expression of genes regulating cholesterol homeostasis. A total of six groups of twelve rats each were fed, for 28 d, Nath's hypercholesterolaemic diets, differing in protein and fibre sources, being, respectively, casein and cellulose (control), pea proteins and cellulose (pea), casein and oat fibres (oat), casein and apple pectin (pectin), pea proteins and oat fibres (pea+oat) and pea proteins and apple pectin (pea+pectin). Administration of each vegetable-containing diet was associated with lower total cholesterol concentrations compared with the control. The combinations (pea+oat and pea+pectin) were more efficacious than fibres alone in modulating cholesterolaemia ( - 53 and - 54%, respectively, at 28 d; P< 0·005). In rats fed the diets containing oat fibres or apple pectin, alone or in combination with pea proteins, a lower hepatic cholesterol content (P< 0·005) and higher hepatic mRNA concentrations of CYP7A1 and NTCP were found when compared with the control rats (P< 0·05). In summary, the dietary combinations of pea proteins and oat fibres or apple pectin are extremely effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentrations in rats and affect cellular cholesterol homeostasis by up-regulating genes involved in hepatic cholesterol turnover.

Topics: Animals; Avena; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caseins; Cellulose; Cholesterol; Dietary Fiber; Dyslipidemias; Homeostasis; Liver; Male; Malus; Pectins; Pisum sativum; Plant Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risk Factors; Time Factors