pectins and Diarrhea

Acute diarrhea is amongst the most common childhood illnesses. Of paramount importance is an oral rehydration with glucose-electrolyte solutions. A number of herbal therapies are available to shorten the duration of the diarrhea and to alleviate the unpleasant symptoms. Although herbal preparations are generally well tolerated, only a few have been tested on children and adjusted to their needs. Various therapies for diarrhea in childhood are highlighted with regard to the clinical trials with children, and their user-friendliness.

Topics: Age Factors; Antidiarrheals; Chamomile; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Food Additives; Humans; Infant; Pectins; Phytotherapy; Time Factors

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pectins

Various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea. Oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy of all cases. A variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection. Kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. Bismuth subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by about 50 percent and improves other associated symptomatology. The drugs that affect motility such as loperamide and diphenoxylate are the most active of the nonspecifically acting drugs. They must be avoided in patients with significant fever and dysentery. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is now considered the drug of choice for shigellosis due to the presence of ampicillin-resistant Shigella strains in most regions of the world. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also an effective form of therapy for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and for traveler's diarrhea without definable cause. Erythromycin, although not proved to be effective against Campylobacter, probably shortens the disease. Furazolidone, although not dramatically effective, has a spectrum of activity that includes Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia lamblia. It may not be effective in severely ill (hospitalized) patients with diarrhea. The various forms of available therapy can be administered empirically, depending on symptomatology. Mildly ill patients (one to three unformed stools in 24 hours with minimal additional symptoms) probably are best treated with fluids only. Mild to moderately ill persons (three to six unformed stools in 24 hours) can be treated with a drug that acts nonspecifically, such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide. Those with severe diseases (six or more unformed stools with moderate to severe associated symptoms), particularly when associated with fever and the passage of bloody mucoid stools, may be given an antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial drug given will be determined by ancillary laboratory tests (dark-field examination or examination of a wet-mount preparation for motile Campylobacter or stool culture for Shigella, Campylobacter, or Salmonella) or may be administered on an empiric basis. Traveler's diarrhea can be eliminated in selected persons by the administration of a pharmacologic agent. Liquid bismuth subsalicylate is effective in large doses, which may be impr

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bismuth; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Combinations; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Giardiasis; Humans; Infant; Kaolin; Loperamide; Narcotics; Organometallic Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Salicylates; Salmonella Infections; Travel

Topics: Acidosis; Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Child; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Giardiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Kaolin; Lactose; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Salmonella Infections

Topics: Cellulose; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietetics; Fruit; Galactans; Humans; Mannans; Pectins; Plant Gums; Vegetables

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of prune juice on chronic constipation.. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Japanese subjects with chronic constipation.. Prune intake significantly decreased hard and lumpy stools while increasing normal stool and not increasing loose and watery stools. Prune intake also ameliorated subjective complaints of constipation and hard stools, without alteration of flatulence, diarrhea, loose stools, or urgent need for defecation. There were no adverse events or laboratory abnormalities of liver or renal function after prune intake.. Prune juice exerted an effective and safe natural food therapy for chronic constipation.

Topics: Constipation; Defecation; Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Humans; Pectins; Polyphenols; Sorbitol

A pectin-containing oligomeric formula (POF) is a unique type of enteral formula that transforms from a liquid to a gel after reacting with gastric acid. Reports on its clinical effects have been limited. The present study was conducted to examine and verify the clinical effects of POF.. The study subjects were 201 stable patients receiving intragastric tube feeding. They were randomized into 2 groups to receive either POF or a standard polymeric formula (SPF) as a control. The duration of observation was 1 week. Analyses were conducted for the incidence of predefined composite events, including diarrhea, defecation treatments, and other enteral nutrition (EN) management-related events.. Composite events occurred in 15 of 98 patients in the POF group and 30 of 100 patients in the SPF group, with a significantly lower incidence in the POF group compared with the SPF group (P = 0.011). In particular, diarrhea occurred in 2 patients in the POF group and 13 patients in the SPF group, with a significantly lower incidence in the POF group compared with the SPF group (P = 0.003).. The results of this study suggest that POF is less likely to cause EN-related events, especially diarrhea, than SPF is.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diarrhea; Energy Intake; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Food, Formulated; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Pectins

The initial complications associated with infusion of enteral nutrition (EN) for clinical and nutritional care are vomiting, aspiration pneumonia, and diarrhea. There are many recommendations to prevent these complications. A novel method involving a viscosity-regulating pectin solution has been demonstrated. In Japan, this method along with the other so-called "semi-solid EN" approaches has been widely used in practice. However, there has been no randomized clinical trial to prove the efficiency and safety of a viscosity-regulating pectin solution in EN management. Therefore, we planned and initiated a multicenter randomized controlled trial to determine the efficiency and safety.. This study included 34 patients from 7 medical institutions who participated. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained from all participating institutions. Patients who required EN management were enrolled and randomly assigned to the viscosity regulation of enteral feeding (VREF) group and control group. The VREF group (n = 15) was managed with the addition of a viscosity-regulating pectin solution. The control group (n = 12) was managed with conventional EN administration, usually in a gradual step-up method. Daily clinical symptoms of pneumonia, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea; defecation frequency; and stool form were observed in the 2 week trial period. The dose of EN and duration of infusion were also examined.. A favorable trend for clinical symptoms was noticed in the VREF group. No significant differences were observed in episodes of pneumonia, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea between the 2 groups. An apparent reduction in infusion duration and hardening of stool form were noted in the VREF group.. The novel method involving a viscosity-regulating pectin solution with EN administration can be clinically performed safely and efficiently, similar to the conventional method. Moreover, there were benefits, such as improvement in stool form, a short time for EN infusion, and a reduction in vomiting episodes, with the use of the novel method. This indicates some potential advantages in the quality of life among patients receiving this novel method.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Anthropometry; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Cell Count; Blood Urea Nitrogen; C-Reactive Protein; Creatinine; Diarrhea; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Fever; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Pectins; Pneumonia; Prealbumin; Serum Albumin; Treatment Outcome; Viscosity; Vomiting; Zinc

To evaluate the efficacy of pectin, a kind of soluble dietary fiber, in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).. A total of 87 patients with IBS-D were selected in the Jinling Hospital between July 2011 and December 2013. Using a randomized, controlled trial, the efficacy of pectin for IBS-D was prospectively evaluated. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 24 g pectin powder/d (n=46) or a placebo (n=41). Before and after 6 weeks of treatment, colonic microflora was examined by real-time PCR and compared between groups. Changes in stool frequency and form (Bristol stool scale), composite score of symptoms (Likert scale) and QOL scores (IBS-QOL questionnaire) were also monitored. Peripheral blood sample from patients with IBS-D was obtained to estimate the cytokines level, which was compared with that obtained from a group of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n=20).. Those patients randomized to pectin experienced a greater reduction in composite symptom scores and Bristol stool scale scores, as well as significant improvement in QOL scores (P<0.05). The pectin acted as prebiotics and significantly enhanced faecal bifidobacteria and decreased total Clostridium sp (P<0.05). At baseline, patients with IBS-D demonstrated an abnormal IL-10/IL-12 ratio, which was normalized by pectin feeding alone (P<0.01). Placebo did not exert these effects on the aforementioned parameters after treatment. No significant adverse effects were reported during the study.. Pectin acts as a prebiotic in specifically stimulating gut bifidobacteria in IBS-D patients and is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, balancing colonic microflora and relieving systemic inflammation. In view of its ability to re-establish a healthy gut ecosystem, pectin has the potential of being a therapeutic agent in IBS-D.

Topics: Bifidobacterium; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Pectins; Treatment Outcome

Acute diarrhea is one of the most common childhood diseases. The main aim of therapy is oral rehydration, mostly using a glucose-electrolyte solution. Results from a previous study (DIALOG I) investigating adjuvant treatment with a medicinal preparation containing an apple pectin-chamomile extract (Diarrhoesan) indicated a significantly reduced duration of diarrhea in children.. The objective of the present clinical placebo-controlled, double-blind study (DIALOG II) was to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the apple pectin-chamomile extract on a larger number of patients.. The investigation was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study enrolling 255 patients presenting with acute diarrhea. Patients were aged between 6 months and 6 years and treated on an outpatient basis with either an apple pectin-chamomile preparation or placebo. As a basic medication, each child received a glucose-electrolyte solution on the first day of treatment.. The primary outcome (primary efficacy parameter) included a combined analysis of stool frequency, stool The statistical analysis revealed a superior efficacy of the tested preparation over placebo with a significantly reduced stool frequency in the treatment group compared to the control group. The results were corroborated by efficacy assessment performed by investigators and patients. Treatment was well tolerated, with an incidence of adverse effects similar to placebo.. These findings support the concept of a beneficial influence of the investigated vegetable extract in shortening the course of the disease and relieving associated symptoms.

Topics: Antidiarrheals; Chamomile; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infant; Male; Malus; Pectins; Plant Extracts; Treatment Outcome

Anaerobic colonic flora are necessary for the fermentation of fiber into short-chain fatty acids and constitute the bulk of fecal mass. Lack of dietary fiber in most enteral feedings, compounded by antibiotic therapy, suppresses normal colonic metabolism, resulting in diarrhea. Pectin, a water-soluble fiber, stimulates epithelial growth in the colon and thus reduces diarrhea.. Forty-four critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy were randomized to receive fiber-containing or fiber-free tube feedings and pectin or placebo. Data on frequency, consistency, and volume of fecal output; energy (caloric) intake; and administration of specific medications were collected for 9 days. Diarrhea was defined as 2 or more days with scores of 12 or higher on the Hart and Dobb diarrhea scale.. Subjects in the 4 groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, severity of illness, or energy intake. Twelve subjects (27.3%) experienced diarrhea. Significantly fewer subjects in the fiber-free/placebo and fiber/pectin groups experienced diarrhea than did subjects in the fiber/placebo group (P = .02). On the basis of repeated-measures analysis of variance of daily mean scores, the severity of diarrhea did not differ significantly among the study groups over time (P = .16).. The reduced rate of diarrhea found in this study may be related to the stringent definition of diarrhea used. The therapeutic dose of pectin for reducing diarrhea needs further exploration. The trend was toward less diarrhea in the fiber/pectin group, but the study needs to be replicated with a larger sample.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Critical Illness; Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake; Enteral Nutrition; Food Additives; Food, Formulated; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Severity of Illness Index

In a prospective, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, parallel group study, children (6 months to 5.5 years of age) with acute, non-complicated diarrhea received either a preparation containing apple pectin and chamomile extract (Diarrhoesan, n = 39) or placebo (n = 40) in addition to the usual rehydration and realimentation diet. At the end of three days of treatment, the diarrhea had ended significantly (p < 0.05) more frequently in the pectin/chamomile (33/39) than in the placebo group (23/40). Pectin/chamomile reduced the duration of diarrhea significantly (p < 0.05) by at least 5.2 h. The parents documented the well-being in a diary twice daily; in contrast to placebo, a trend of continuous improvement was observed in the pectin/chamomile group. The parents expressed their contentment more frequently (82%) with pectin/chamomile than with placebo (60%, not significant). There were no further differences between the treatment groups.

Topics: Antidiarrheals; Child; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Pectins; Plant Extracts; Prospective Studies

Various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea. Oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy of all cases. A variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection. Kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. Bismuth subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by about 50 percent and improves other associated symptomatology. The drugs that affect motility such as loperamide and diphenoxylate are the most active of the nonspecifically acting drugs. They must be avoided in patients with significant fever and dysentery. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is now considered the drug of choice for shigellosis due to the presence of ampicillin-resistant Shigella strains in most regions of the world. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also an effective form of therapy for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and for traveler's diarrhea without definable cause. Erythromycin, although not proved to be effective against Campylobacter, probably shortens the disease. Furazolidone, although not dramatically effective, has a spectrum of activity that includes Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia lamblia. It may not be effective in severely ill (hospitalized) patients with diarrhea. The various forms of available therapy can be administered empirically, depending on symptomatology. Mildly ill patients (one to three unformed stools in 24 hours with minimal additional symptoms) probably are best treated with fluids only. Mild to moderately ill persons (three to six unformed stools in 24 hours) can be treated with a drug that acts nonspecifically, such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide. Those with severe diseases (six or more unformed stools with moderate to severe associated symptoms), particularly when associated with fever and the passage of bloody mucoid stools, may be given an antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial drug given will be determined by ancillary laboratory tests (dark-field examination or examination of a wet-mount preparation for motile Campylobacter or stool culture for Shigella, Campylobacter, or Salmonella) or may be administered on an empiric basis. Traveler's diarrhea can be eliminated in selected persons by the administration of a pharmacologic agent. Liquid bismuth subsalicylate is effective in large doses, which may be impr

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bismuth; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Combinations; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Giardiasis; Humans; Infant; Kaolin; Loperamide; Narcotics; Organometallic Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Salicylates; Salmonella Infections; Travel

Topics: Acute Disease; Charcoal; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Drug Combinations; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids; Kaolin; Pectins

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side-effect of antibiotic treatment resulting from an imbalance in the colonic bacteria. The hypothesis of this study is to ask whether polysaccharide from the rhizome of Dioscorea opposita which is recorded as conventional herbs and food for diarrhea treatment in Southeast Asia, may be an active compound against diarrhea induced by antibiotics. To address, firstly, a homogenous polysaccharide, DOP0.2-S-3 was characterized as a homogalacturonan containing linear repeating units of → 4)-α-

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Dioscorea; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Mice; Pectins

Dietary fibers, such as pectins, are blended in liquid diets (LDs) to prevent diarrhea; however, which type of pectin is more effective, along with its mechanism of action, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the gelling characteristics, fermentability, fecal properties, and motility of the colon during the administration of LDs blended with pectins.. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered LDs containing high-methoxy pectin (HM), low-methoxy amidated pectin (LMA), low-methoxy pectin (LM), and very low-methoxy amidated pectin (VLMA) ad libitum. The amount of pectin in the feces was assessed by measuring galacturonic acid content. The contractile motility of the rats' descending colons was measured with a force transducer.. HM was well fermented, but VLMA was significantly less fermented. LM and LMA displayed intermediate fermentability. An LD that contained LM and VLMA gelled with calcium ions in artificial gastric juice did not cause diarrhea, as opposed to other pectin types. Contractile motility was significantly lower and stools were looser when pectin or calcium was excluded from the LD.. In the colon, LM or VLMA could form a water-holding gel with calcium ions to produce normal feces. The mechanical stimulation of the formed fecal mass might induce physiological colonic contractions.

Topics: Animals; Colon; Diarrhea; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Male; Pectins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Pectin-containing liquid enteral nutrition (PCLEN) contains pectin, which becomes solid in the stomach and therefore mitigates vomiting and diarrhea. Its efficacy for use in critical care medicine was evaluated.. We used liquid enteral nutrition (LEN) (traditional LEN (TLEN)) as the primary LEN at the emergency and critical care center. We adopted PCLEN as the primary LEN from 2014. During 2012-2016, 954 patients admitted to intensive care units and emergency wards were given PCLEN or TLEN. We conducted propensity score matching for 693 eligible patients for age, sex, and organ dysfunctions for six organs.. We included 199 PCLEN patients and 199 TLEN patients. Severity was higher in the PCLEN group. The enteral nutrition failure rate was significantly lower for PCLEN than for TLEN. The diarrhea incidence rates were 28.1% vs 38.2% (p=0.033), and the incidence rates of nosocomial pneumonia were 4.5% and 9.6% (p=0.048). For PCLEN, the enteral nutrition failure rates were not different for patients with gastric acid inhibitors and without them.. PCLEN can be used effectively for critically ill patients irrespective of the use of gastric acid inhibitors. It can decrease the incidence of enteral nutrition failure and diarrhea.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Diarrhea; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Retrospective Studies

The effect of the uptake of erythritol with and without the addition of pectin on fecal condition, p-OSM and p-AVP levels, and the endolymphatic volume was investigated to consider the possibility that erythritol is applicable as a therapeutic agent for Meniere's disease.. Two experiments were performed using 100 female Hartley guinea pigs. Experiment 1 was designed to morphologically investigate the influence of the uptake of erythritol with or without the addition of pectin on the endolymphatic volume. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate changes in p-OSM and p-AVP levels after the uptake of erythritol with or without the addition of pectin.. (1) Endolymphatic hydrops significantly decreased after the uptake of a mixture of erythritol and pectin, but did not decrease after the uptake of pectin or erythritol (p<0.001). (2) The fecal condition was muddy in all animals with the uptake of erythritol alone, but muddy or very soft feces were not observed in animals with a mixture of pectin and erythritol. p-AVP and p-OSM levels were significantly elevated in animals with the uptake of erythritol alone or a mixture of erythritol and pectin. Notably, the increase in p-AVP and p-OSM levels was significantly more evident in animals with the uptake of erythritol alone (one-way ANOVA, p<0.001).. The addition of pectin almost completely suppressed erythritol-induced diarrhea. Consequently, the secondary elevation of p-AVP and p-OSM due to diarrhea was also reduced. The uptake of a mixture of erythritol and pectin markedly decompressed endolymphatic hydrops, although the uptake of erythritol alone did not. The difference of the decompression effect between animal groups with the uptake of erythritol alone and a mixture of erythritol and pectin seemed to be attributable to the difference of p-AVP levels due to diarrheal state.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endolymphatic Hydrops; Erythritol; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hydrostatic Pressure; Pectins; Vasodilator Agents; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Child; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Drug Labeling; Humans; Kaolin; Lice Infestations; Pectins

Colonic bacterial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) plays an important role in the salvage of unabsorbed carbohydrate and in colonic absorption of electrolytes and water. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (DP-IBS) have a different pattern and rate of fermentation of carbohydrate and fiber to SCFA compared with controls. Fecal homogenates from 10 patients with DP-IBS and 10 age-matched controls were studied. SCFA were measured by gas chromatography in baseline fecal samples and in fecal homogenates in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system after incubation with no additional substrate, lactulose, potato starch, citrus pectin, and hemicellulose over a 24-hour period. Net SCFA production rates were calculated for the first 6 h of the incubation period. Patients with DP-IBS had a consistently different pattern of less total SCFA, a lower percentage of acetate (p < 0.05), and a higher proportion of n-butyrate (p < 0.05) than controls. In stool homogenates from both controls and DP-IBS patients, lactulose fermentation resulted in the highest rate of SCFA production followed by pectin, starch, and hemicellulose. However, at all time points, the fecal homogenates from controls generated a higher concentration of total SCFA, acetate, and propionate with all substrates tested. SCFA production rates were higher in controls incubated with lactulose, starch, and hemicellulose. The fecal SCFA profile of patients with DP-IBS is characterized by lower concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, and propionate and a higher concentration and percentage of n-butyrate. Fecal flora from these patients produced less SCFA in an in vitro fermentation system in response to incubations with various carbohydrates and fibers. Differences in SCFA production by colonic bacterial flora in patients with DP-IBS may be related to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Child; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Diarrhea; Fatty Acids; Feces; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Polysaccharides; Propionates; Starch

Topics: Adolescent; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Child; Child, Preschool; Colon; Diarrhea; Digestion; Disaccharides; Fermentation; Galactans; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactose Intolerance; Malabsorption Syndromes; Mannans; Monosaccharides; Pectins; Plant Gums

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Charcoal; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy, Combination; Intestines; Kaolin; Male; Pectins; Rats

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Fats; Feces; Kaolin; Lactose Intolerance; Male; Pectins; Potassium; Rats; Sodium

Topics: Acute Disease; Carbon; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids; Kaolin; Pectins

Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Calcium Carbonate; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Humans; Kaolin; Malabsorption Syndromes; Osmotic Pressure; Pectins

Topics: Animals; Colonic Diseases; Diarrhea; Male; Pectins; Rabbits; Sulfates; Ulcer

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Kaolin; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Furazolidone; Guanidines; Kaolin; Male; Neomycin; Pectins; Sulfaguanidine; Sulfonamides; Tropanes

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aminocaproates; Anilides; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Pectins; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans; Infant; Intestines; Kaolin; Neomycin; Opium; Pathology; Pectins; Toxicology

Topics: Cyclohexanes; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy; Humans; Kaolin; Opium; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Piperidines; Psyllium; Thiophenes; Toxicology

Topics: Antacids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Pectins; Streptomycin

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Belladonna Alkaloids; Diarrhea; Humans; Magnesium Compounds; Pectins; Silicon Compounds

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Antidiarrheals; Belladonna Alkaloids; Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Pectins; Sulfonamides

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Belladonna Alkaloids; Child; Diarrhea; Dysentery; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Pectins; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides; Sulfonamides

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Atropine Derivatives; Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Pectins; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides; Sulfonamides; Syndrome

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Pectins; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Diarrhea; Humans; Pectins; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Pectins; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Pectins