pectins and Cholelithiasis

The effect of high- (hePE) and low- (lePE) esterification pectin and high- (hvGG) and low-(lvGG) viscosity guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and on prevention of cholesterol gallstones was investigated in male golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Hamsters were fed on cholesterol-rich (4 g/kg), gallstone-inducing diets for 6 weeks. The diets were supplemented with 80 g hePE, lePE, hvGG or lvGG/kg or 80 g additional cellulose/kg. No significant differences in plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations between hvGG and lvGG and the gallstone-inducing or cellulose-enriched diets were observed. The hePE diet produced a 16% (non-significant) reduction in total plasma cholesterol but significantly decreased the plasma triacylglycerol level by 45%. The lePE diet caused only minor changes in plasma lipids. Hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in hamsters fed on hvGG, lvGG, hePE or lePE primarily due to the accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Supersaturated bile samples, with lithogenic indices ranging from 1.6 to 2.0, were determined with all diets. The hePE and lePE diets slightly altered the bile acid profile by increasing glycocholic acid and decreasing taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations resulting in a higher cholic:chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. Cholesterol gallstone formation was not substantially inhibited by the two varieties of pectin and guar gum. The hvGG, lvGG, hePE and lePE diets did not alter faecal weight and caused only minor increases in faecal bile acid excretion. In general, the present findings demonstrate that dietary pectins and guar gums had only minor effects on cholesterol metabolism and did not prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in this hamster model. Possible explanations for this lack of a distinct response to pectin and guar gum are discussed.

Topics: Animals; Bile; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cricetinae; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Galactans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mannans; Mesocricetus; Pectins; Plant Gums; Triglycerides

Male Syrian hamsters were fed a lithogenic diet containing 7% cellulose or 4.2% pectin. After 50 days, pectin was 76% and cellulose 64% less lithogenic than the control diet. Hamsters fed the control diet for 50 days were maintained on that diet for another 50 days or fed diets containing cellulose or pectin. There was a 52% increase in gallstone incidence in hamsters continued on the control diet and a 9% increase in those on cellulose. Pectin promoted regression of gallstones (by 52%).

Topics: Animals; Cellulose; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cricetinae; Dietary Fiber; Liver; Male; Mesocricetus; Pectins

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Female; Fruit; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Pectins; Rabbits; Sex Factors; Triglycerides

Topics: Absorption; Arteriosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Cellulose; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Colonic Neoplasms; Constipation; Deoxycholic Acid; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Intestinal Absorption; Lipid Metabolism; Lithocholic Acid; Pectins; Water

Topics: Cellulose; Cholelithiasis; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Dietary Carbohydrates; Humans; Pectins; Polymers

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Cellulose; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Colonic Neoplasms; Constipation; Diet; Digestion; Diverticulum, Colon; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Lignin; Metabolic Diseases; Pectins

This study aimed at investigating the effect of different sources of dietary fibre on gallstone formation in hamsters. The substances studied were pectin, lignin and psyllium hydrocolloid. The two latter compounds protected hamsters against cholesterol gallstone formation. Lignin resulted in a decrease of the deoxycholic acid conentration and in a rise of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. These changes which are similar to those observed with cholestyramine suggest that lignin acts as a bile acid sequestrant. Psyllium hydrocolloid effected a similar shift of the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio but it also resulted in a rise of the deoxycholic concentration. This latter finding is not compatible with a bile acid sequestering role of this compound. The addition of alcohol to the drinking-water resulted in the formation of stones rich in pigment. Under these conditions the tendency to form such stones was not checked by either of the investigated substances.

Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Colloids; Diet Therapy; Ethanol; Lignin; Liver; Pectins; Pigments, Biological; Psyllium

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cholestyramine Resin; Citrus; Dietary Fats; Fatty Liver; Female; Liver; Male; Pectins; Rabbits

Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cholic Acids; Fatty Liver; Female; Guanidines; Male; Mice; Neomycin; Pectins; Phosphatidylcholines; Sulfonamides

Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cholestyramine Resin; Female; Gallbladder; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Neomycin; Neostigmine; Paraffin; Pectins; Rabbits; Terpenes; Vitamin D