pectins and Acute-Disease

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pectins

Various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea. Oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy of all cases. A variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection. Kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. Bismuth subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by about 50 percent and improves other associated symptomatology. The drugs that affect motility such as loperamide and diphenoxylate are the most active of the nonspecifically acting drugs. They must be avoided in patients with significant fever and dysentery. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is now considered the drug of choice for shigellosis due to the presence of ampicillin-resistant Shigella strains in most regions of the world. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also an effective form of therapy for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and for traveler's diarrhea without definable cause. Erythromycin, although not proved to be effective against Campylobacter, probably shortens the disease. Furazolidone, although not dramatically effective, has a spectrum of activity that includes Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia lamblia. It may not be effective in severely ill (hospitalized) patients with diarrhea. The various forms of available therapy can be administered empirically, depending on symptomatology. Mildly ill patients (one to three unformed stools in 24 hours with minimal additional symptoms) probably are best treated with fluids only. Mild to moderately ill persons (three to six unformed stools in 24 hours) can be treated with a drug that acts nonspecifically, such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide. Those with severe diseases (six or more unformed stools with moderate to severe associated symptoms), particularly when associated with fever and the passage of bloody mucoid stools, may be given an antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial drug given will be determined by ancillary laboratory tests (dark-field examination or examination of a wet-mount preparation for motile Campylobacter or stool culture for Shigella, Campylobacter, or Salmonella) or may be administered on an empiric basis. Traveler's diarrhea can be eliminated in selected persons by the administration of a pharmacologic agent. Liquid bismuth subsalicylate is effective in large doses, which may be impr

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bismuth; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Combinations; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Giardiasis; Humans; Infant; Kaolin; Loperamide; Narcotics; Organometallic Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Salicylates; Salmonella Infections; Travel

One hundred and fifty patients aged 19 to 86 years with general peritonitis mainly in a toxic (85.3%) stage were examined. The leading causes of peritonitis were acute appendicitis (24.0%) and perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers (21.3%). Three groups of patients were formed with a pair samples method for a comparative analysis of treatment. The control group of patients was treated conventionally. Entero-sorption was performed through naso-intestinal tube with well-known carbonic sorbent UAO-A and pectin-containing medication made of red beet. The results were compared. A 1.3-fold decrease in entero-paresis naso-intestinal intubation duration, a relief in severity of the patients' condition by SAPS scale as early as on day 2, improvement of immunity indices, faster reduction of toxicity of blood plasma and leukocytic index of intoxication, a 12% decrease in postoperative pneumonia morbidity and postoperative lethality from 14 to 6.6% demonstrated advantages of entero-sorption with pectin-containing medication.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Appendicitis; Enterosorption; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Pectins; Peptic Ulcer Perforation; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors

Various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea. Oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy of all cases. A variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection. Kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. Bismuth subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by about 50 percent and improves other associated symptomatology. The drugs that affect motility such as loperamide and diphenoxylate are the most active of the nonspecifically acting drugs. They must be avoided in patients with significant fever and dysentery. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is now considered the drug of choice for shigellosis due to the presence of ampicillin-resistant Shigella strains in most regions of the world. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also an effective form of therapy for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and for traveler's diarrhea without definable cause. Erythromycin, although not proved to be effective against Campylobacter, probably shortens the disease. Furazolidone, although not dramatically effective, has a spectrum of activity that includes Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia lamblia. It may not be effective in severely ill (hospitalized) patients with diarrhea. The various forms of available therapy can be administered empirically, depending on symptomatology. Mildly ill patients (one to three unformed stools in 24 hours with minimal additional symptoms) probably are best treated with fluids only. Mild to moderately ill persons (three to six unformed stools in 24 hours) can be treated with a drug that acts nonspecifically, such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide. Those with severe diseases (six or more unformed stools with moderate to severe associated symptoms), particularly when associated with fever and the passage of bloody mucoid stools, may be given an antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial drug given will be determined by ancillary laboratory tests (dark-field examination or examination of a wet-mount preparation for motile Campylobacter or stool culture for Shigella, Campylobacter, or Salmonella) or may be administered on an empiric basis. Traveler's diarrhea can be eliminated in selected persons by the administration of a pharmacologic agent. Liquid bismuth subsalicylate is effective in large doses, which may be impr

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bismuth; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Combinations; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Giardiasis; Humans; Infant; Kaolin; Loperamide; Narcotics; Organometallic Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Pectins; Salicylates; Salmonella Infections; Travel

Topics: Acute Disease; Charcoal; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Drug Combinations; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids; Kaolin; Pectins

To evaluate the efficacy of antidiarrheal agents in the treatment of diarrheal illnesses, a study was conducted with children in Guatemala who had an acute diarrheal illness. Eighty patients, aged 3 to 11 years, were hospitalized and treated for two days with one of five agents: kaolin-pectin suspension concentrate (Kao-Con), kaolin suspension, pectin suspension, diphenoxylate-atropine liquid (Lomotil), or placebo. Although the patients receiving kaolin-pectin produced stools that tended to be more formed than those of the placebo-treated group patients, the study did not demonstrate any effect by any of the agents tested in influencing the frequency of bowel movement, the water content of the stools, or the weight of stools. Kaolin-pectin suspension and diphenoxylate-atropine liquid do not appear to be useful in the relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea in children.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea, Infantile; Diphenoxylate; Drug Evaluation; Feces; Female; Humans; Kaolin; Male; Pectins; Placebos

Antioxidant and membranoprotective effect of biological active supplements of phospholipid and pectin nature in patients with acute leukosis during the clinical and laboratory remission period is indicated.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antioxidants; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Pectins; Phospholipids

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Epithelium; Gels; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pectins; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radiodermatitis; Radiotherapy

Effect of natural and enriched with pectin tanned fruits on radiation-induced metabolic disorders was studied in persons subjected to radiation due to Chernobyl accident. It was shown that products in question beneficially influenced blood antioxidant system as well as brought to the norm contents of triglicerides and albumins in patients with IIa and IV types of hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Acute Disease; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fruit; Humans; Nuclear Reactors; Pectins; Power Plants; Radiation Injuries; Ukraine

The protective capacities of fresh green (unripe) sweet bananas and of phosphatidylcholine and pectin (banana ingredients) against acute (ethanol- or indomethacin-induced) and chronic (indomethacin-induced) gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated in rats. Banana pulp was mixed with saline and given by gavage, as a pretreatment in a single dose. The identical protocol was used for pectin and phosphatidylcholine solution, and the dosages were adjusted to equal the amount of ingredients in the banana mixture, but higher concentrations were also given. The banana suspension reduced acute lesions, as did pectin and phosphatidylcholine in higher concentrations, but in concentrations as in fresh fruit no protective effects were observed except by pectin against indomethacin injury. In the model of chronic ulcers the banana suspension provided an incomplete and temporary protective effect. We conclude that the protective capacity of fresh green sweet bananas cannot be confined to only one active component. Pectin and phosphatidylcholine may protect gastric mucosa by strengthening the mucous-phospholipid layer, but the mechanism of protection afforded by bananas has to be further elucidated.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Ethanol; Fruit; Gastric Mucosa; Indomethacin; Male; Models, Biological; Pectins; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach Ulcer; Suspensions

Topics: Acute Disease; Carbon; Diarrhea; Diphenoxylate; Humans; Isonipecotic Acids; Kaolin; Pectins

Topics: Acute Disease; Candida; Child; Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Feces; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kaolin; Mouth; Neomycin; Pectins