pazopanib and Testicular-Neoplasms

A 68-year-old man underwent an inguinal orchiectomy for a right testicular tumor and the pathological diagnosis was atypical lipomatous tumor. Nine years later, a resection procedure was performed for local recurrence. Five years after that second surgery, abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings revealed a low density mass 40 mm in size on the back side of the right kidney and enlarged fat in the retroperitoneal space. We performed a laparoscopic tumor resection under a diagnosis of lipoma or liposarcoma recurrence, and the pathological diagnosis was well differentiated liposarcoma. Treatment with pazopanib was started, as a CT examination showed that the tumor remained, after which we performed an open nephroureterectomy and resected the remaining tumor portion. Pazopanib treatment was continued and no obvious signs of recurrence were seen at 8 months after the most recent surgery. Although well differentiated liposarcoma usually recurs in the original tumor region, multicentric recurrence in other parts is possible.

Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Humans; Indazoles; Liposarcoma; Male; Orchiectomy; Pyrimidines; Recurrence; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Sulfonamides; Testicular Neoplasms; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Therapeutic options for patients with chemoresistant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are limited. Pazopanib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor with distinct antiangiogenic activity. We aimed to evaluate pazopanib activity in patients with refractory GCT.. In the open-label, single-arm, phase 2 Pazotest study (NCT01743482), patient eligibility included failure of ≥2 platinum-based regimens, and allowed prior high-dose chemotherapy administration. Patients were given pazopanib 800 mg/day until disease progression (PD) or onset of unacceptable toxicity. Measurements of serum tumor markers (STM), computed tomography and FDG-PET were carried out at baseline, after 4 weeks of pazopanib treatment, and every 8 weeks thereafter. PD was defined as increasing levels of STM, increasing size of non-teratomatous masses, or appearance of new lesions. The study primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS, H0: 3-month PFS ≤ 10%, H1: ≥25%, α = 5%, β = 20%).. Forty-three patients were enrolled from May 2013 to July 2016. The number of prior chemotherapy regimens was: 2 (11.6%), 3 (51.2%), >3 (37.2%). Grade 3 adverse events were observed in six patients (13.9%). Overall, 70.3% of patients had reduced levels of STM after 4 weeks. There were 2 partial responses (4.7%), 19 cases of stable disease, and 16 cases of PD (6 not evaluable by RECIST). The median follow-up duration was 29.6 months. The 3-month PFS probability was 12.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.7%-28.9%]. The 24-month OS probability was 14.2% (95% CI: 6.0%-33.7%). In patients with a >50% decline in STM, the 24-month OS probability was 24.1% (95% CI: 8.3%-69.6%). The small sample size was the major limitation.. Despite pazopanib showed potent but short-lived activity in refractory GCT, long-term survival was obtained in a proportion of treated patients. According to the kinetics of pazopanib activity, this drug may be investigated in less pre-treated patients as an optimal bridging therapy preceding and/or combined with salvage chemotherapy.

Topics: Adult; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Disease Progression; Humans; Indazoles; Male; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pyrimidines; Sulfonamides; Testicular Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible clinical and neuroradiological syndrome which may appear at any age and characterized by headache, altered consciousness, seizures, and cortical blindness. The exact incidence is still unknown. The most commonly identified causes include hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, and some cytotoxic drugs. Vasogenic edema related subcortical white matter lesions, hyperintense on T2A and FLAIR sequences, in a relatively symmetrical pattern especially in the occipital and parietal lobes can be detected on cranial MR imaging. These findings tend to resolve partially or completely with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Here in, we present a rare case of unilateral PRES developed following the treatment with pazopanib, a testicular tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitory agent.. A posterior reverzibilis encephalopathia szindróma (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, PRES) reverzibilis klinikai és neuroradiológiai kórkép, ami bármely életkorban jelentkezhet fejfájás, módosult tudatállapot, görcsroham és corticalis vakság formájában. Az állapot pontos incidenciája nem ismert. A leggyakrabban azonosított kiváltó ok a hipertenzív encephalopathia, az eclampsia, illetve egyes citotoxikus szerek. A képalkotó eljárások közül koponya-MR-rel főleg az occipitalis és parietalis lebenyekben mutatható ki nagyrészt szimmetrikus, vazogén oedemához társuló subcorticalis fehérállomány-laesio T2A- és FLAIR-szekvencia-hiperintenzitás formájában. Korai diagnózis és megfelelő kezelés hatására a tünetek részben vagy egészében megszűnnek. A tanulmány az egyoldali PRES ritka esetét mutatja be, ami heretumor terápiájaként alkalmazott vascularis endothelialis növekedési faktor gátló (VEGF) pazopanibkezelés következtében alakult ki.

Topics: Adult; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Humans; Indazoles; Male; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Pyrimidines; Sulfonamides; Testicular Neoplasms

Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is still a clinical challenge, and one associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this work was to test pazopanib, an anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic multikinase inhibitor, and its combination with lapatinib (an anti-ErbB inhibitor) in mouse orthotopic models of human testicular GCTs.. We used two different models of human testicular GCTs orthotopically grown in nude mice; a CDDP-sensitive choriocarcinoma (TGT38) and a new orthotopic model generated from a metastatic GCT refractory to first-line CDDP chemotherapy (TGT44). Nude mice implanted with these orthotopic tumors were treated with the inhibitors and the effect on tumoral growth and angiogenesis was evaluated.. TGT44 refractory tumor had an immunohistochemical profile similar to the original metastasis, with characteristics of yolk sac tumor. TGT44 did not respond when treated with cisplatin. In contrast, pazopanib had an anti-angiogenic effect and anti-tumor efficacy in this model. Pazopanib in combination with lapatinib in TGT38, an orthotopic model of choriocarcinoma had an additive effect blocking tumor growth.. We present pazopanib as a possible agent for the alternative treatment of CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-refractory GCT patients, alone or in combination with anti-ErbB therapies.

Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Indazoles; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pyrimidines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sulfonamides; Testicular Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

As granulosa cell tumors of the adult type are extremely uncommon testicular neoplasms, relatively few case reports and case series have been published. Treatment for localized, small-volume, or oligometastatic disease is generally surgical resection alone. Visceral or widely metastatic disease is relatively rare, so there is no consensus approach to treatment. We report the case of an advanced granulosa cell tumor of the testis with a confirmed partial response to an angiogenesis inhibitor after initial resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Humans; Indazoles; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Pyrimidines; Salvage Therapy; Sulfonamides; Testicular Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed