paullone and Colonic-Neoplasms

In an attempt to combine the ability of indolobenzazepines (paullones) to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and that of platinum-group metal ions to interact with proteins and DNA, ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) arene complexes with paullones were prepared, expecting synergies and an increase of solubility of paullones. Complexes with the general formula [M(II)Cl(η(6)-p-cymene)L]Cl, where M=Ru (1, 3) or Os (2, 4), and L=L(1) (1, 2) or L(2) (3, 4), L(1)=N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]-benzazepin-6(5H)-yliden-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)azine and L(2)=N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6-yl)-N'-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl-methylene]azinium chloride (L(2)(*)HCl), were now investigated regarding cytotoxicity and accumulation in cancer cells, impact on the cell cycle, capacity of inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis as well as their ability to inhibit Cdk activity. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay yielded IC(50) values in the nanomolar to low micromolar range. In accordance with cytotoxicity data, the BrdU assay showed that 1 is the most and 4 the least effective of these compounds regarding inhibition of DNA synthesis. Effects on the cell cycle are minor, although concentration-dependent inhibition of Cdk2/cyclin E activity was observed in cell-free experiments. Induction of apoptosis is most pronounced for complex 1, accompanied by a low fraction of necrotic cells, as observed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis.

Topics: Apoptosis; Benzazepines; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Osmium Compounds; Ruthenium Compounds

The reaction of copper(II) chloride or copper(II) acetate with 6-N-(2-N',N'-dimethylaminoethylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo-[3,2-d][1]benzazepine (HL(1)), 9-bromo-6-N-(2-N',N'-dimethylaminoethylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepine (HL(2)), N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)-yliden-N'-(1-pyridin-2-yl-methylidene)azine (HL(3)), or N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)-yliden-N'-(1-pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)azine (HL(4)) in methanol affords the novel copper(II) complexes [Cu(HL(1))Cl(2)] (1), [Cu(HL(2))Cl(2)] (2), [Cu(HL(3))Cl(2)] (3), [Cu(HL(4))Cl(2)] (4), and [Cu(L(4))(CH(3)COO)(CH(3)OH)] (5). The new ligands (HL(2) and HL(3)) and the complexes 1-5 were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, IR and electronic absorption spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Two ligands, HL(1) and HL(2), and complexes 1-4 were tested for cytotoxicity in three human cancer cell lines, namely, CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), and SW480 (colon carcinoma). Additionally, complexes 1, 2, and 4 were assayed in an isogenic pair of ovarian cancer cell lines, one being sensitive to cisplatin (A2780) and the other having acquired cisplatin resistance (A2780cisR). All of the compounds evaluated are cytotoxic, with complexes 3 and 4 exhibiting IC(50) values in the nanomolar range.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Benzazepines; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Colonic Neoplasms; Copper; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Ovarian Neoplasms