pantetheine and Hyperlipidemias

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apolipoproteins B; Cataract; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Peroxides; Pantetheine

Pantethine, the stable disulfide form of pantetheine, is the major precursor of coenzyme A, which plays a central role in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A is a cofactor in over 70 enzymatic pathways, including fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate degradation, amino acid catabolism, haem synthesis, acetylcholine synthesis, phase II detoxification, acetylation, etc. Pantethine has beneficial effects in vascular disease, it able to decrease the hyperlipidaemia, moderate the platelet function and prevent the lipid-peroxidation. Moreover its neuro-endocrinological regulating role, its good influence on cataract and cystinosis are also proved. This molecule is a well-tolerated therapeutic agent; the frequency of its side-effect is very low and mild. Based on these preclinical and clinical data, it could be recommended using this compound as adjuvant therapy.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Cataract; Central Nervous System; Coenzyme A; Cystine; Cystinosis; Dietary Carbohydrates; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pantetheine; Pantothenic Acid; Pyruvates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Triglycerides

In the course of a post-marketing surveillance program on the effectiveness and tolerability of pantethine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, the effects of the drug were explored in 31 patients with dyslipidemia undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The mean duration of treatment was 9 months (min. 7 months, max. 24 months), with oral doses of 600 to 1200 mg of pantethine daily (mean daily dosage 970 mg). Improvement was noted in terms of total blood cholesterol in the 7 patients with basal hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.01) and highly significant reduction of serum triglycerides. No variations of HDL-cholesterol or total Apo-A were detected. None of the patients experienced any adverse effects from the treatment. In the light of extensive experience with the drug, plus the results of this study, the authors conclude by stressing the importance of an effective and readily tolerated product, such as pantethine, for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Renal Dialysis; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Triglycerides

Topics: Adult; Aged; Choline; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Phosphorylcholine; Sulfhydryl Compounds

A randomized and double blind experiment has been made over 50 patients and 25 checks, by giving a dosage of 3 Fosfolip (calcium salt of phosphorylcholine chlorid with pantethine) capsules a day. The analysis results has been reported in the work. In none case the product had secondary no desired effects; while therapeutical possibilities have been resulted in hepatosis, dyslipidosis and as energetic tonic in atherosclerotic subjects.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Choline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Lipids; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Phosphorylcholine; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Atherosclerotic manifestations are more common and precocious in diabetics than in the general population. Due to the increased cardiovascular risk, a primary or secondary (to diabetes mellitus) lipoprotein disorder in diabetics has to be carefully considered. 27 diabetics (15 NIDDM and 12 IDDM) with dyslipidemia (14 type IV, 8 type IIa and 5 type IIb) were divided in 3 groups and treated with 3 different hypolipemic drugs (Group A: pantethine 600 mg/day; Group B: acipimox 500 mg/day; Group C: bezafibrate 600 mg/day) to test their efficacy and acceptancy. Body weight, Hb A1-c, serum lipoproteins have been measured before and during the 6 months treatment. A significant variation of lipidemic pattern was observed in Group C: a decrease of cholesterol (-20%), triglycerides (-40%), LDL (-24.4%) and apo B (-26.8%) with an increase of HDL (+23.6%). Pantethine and acipimox were more effective on triglycerides (-37.7% and -23.3% respectively). Cardiovascular risk (CT tot/CT HDL) was significantly reduced with acipimox and normalized with bezafibrate.

Topics: Bezafibrate; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Pantetheine; Pyrazines; Risk Factors

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholestyramine Resin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Niceritrol; Pantetheine; Pravastatin; Probucol; Vitamin E

Hyperlipemia is a very frequent complication of the diabetic patient on dialysis. There is difficulty of treatment with the diet, because the dietary restriction already imposed on these patients and the secondary effects and toxicity of the available drugs in uremics aggravate the problem. We have treated 22 diabetic patients on dialysis (8 on hemodialysis and 14 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) suffering from hyperlipemia with pantethine, a physiological substance and coenzyme A precursor in the Krebs cycle. With the administration of an oral dose of 900 mg/day we obtained a reduction of total cholesterol (275 +/- 72 vs. 231 +/- 54 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol (66 +/- 36 vs. 46 +/- 18 mg/dl; p less than 0.01) and triglycerides (332 +/- 182 vs. 227 +/- 90 mg/dl; p less than 0.01) at 2 months. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol did not change, but the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). Total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides showed a progressive and significant reduction at 4 and 6 months. No changes were observed in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, uric acid, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Gastric discomfort in 2 patients and pruritus in another one were the secondary effects related. Pantethine was shown to be a very effective hypolipemic agent in diabetic patients on dialysis with a great tolerance.

Topics: Cholesterol; Cholesterol, VLDL; Diabetic Nephropathies; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Renal Dialysis; Triglycerides

Pantethine in a dosage of 600 mg for the first 3 months, and in a dosage of 1200 mg for the second 6 months was given to 16 diabetics in whom plasma beta-thromboglobulin was raised (greater than 50 ng/ml). Plasma beta-TG levels decreased significantly with pantethine treatment for 9 months. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, apo E and apo CII levels decreased significantly after 9 months. Plasma LDL-C and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio or apo B/apo AI ratio) tended to decrease with treatment. It is concluded that administration of pantethine may be beneficial in the prevention of diabetic angiopathy because of its lowering effect on plasma beta-TG, lipids and apolipoproteins.

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta-Thromboglobulin; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Recent investigations have confirmed the effectiveness and the excellent tolerability of pantethine, a derivative of pantetheine, an essential part of the acetylation coenzyme CoA, administered P.O., in normalizing the blood lipid concentrations of patients with hyperlipidemias. A group of 18 patients with hyperlipidemias (9 M, 9 F), with an average age of 52.6 years, was submitted to pantethine parenteral treatment. After a 20 days wash-out, pantethine (400 mg/day; BID) was administered intramuscularly, for 20 days. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apo A-1 and B lipoprotein, uric acid in serum, glycemia, CBC, B.U.N., creatininemia, E.S.R., SGOT, SGPT, bilirubinemia, cardiac frequency, blood pressure and body weight were controlled before and after treatment. The drug showed to have a therapeutic effectiveness by a rapid and significant improvement in the blood lipid pattern with reduction of total cholesterol, triglycerides and apo-B lipoprotein and increase of HDL-cholesterol and apo A-1 lipoprotein. The tolerability of pantethine at the stated dosage and mode of administration was invariably excellent, with non complaints or visible side effects imputable to the test drug. BUN, creatininemia, glycemia, SGOT, SGPT, bilirubinemia, E.S.R., CBC, cardiac frequency and blood pressure readings showed no noteworthy changes throughout the study.

Topics: Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Infusions, Parenteral; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Sulfhydryl Compounds

A one-year clinical trial with pantethine was conducted in 24 patients with established dyslipidemia of Fredrickson's types II A, II B, and IV, alone or associated with diabetes mellitus. The treatment was well tolerated by all patients with no subjective complaints or detectable side effects. Blood lipid assays repeated after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment revealed consistent and statistically significant reductions of all atherogenic lipid fractions (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B) with parallel increases of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A. The results were equally good in patients with uncomplicated dyslipidemia and in those with associated diabetes mellitus. The authors conclude that pantethine (a drug entity related to the natural compound, pantetheine) represents a valid therapeutic support for patients with dyslipidemia not amenable to satisfactory correction of blood lipids by diet alone.

Topics: Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Pantetheine; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Triglycerides

Topics: Adult; Aged; Choline; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fat Necrosis; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Pantetheine; Phosphorylcholine; Sulfhydryl Compounds

The lipid-lowering effect of pantethine, a new drug affecting lipid metabolism, had been evaluated in carbohydrate-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Administration of the drug raised post-heparin lipolytic activities, the change being due to an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity, whereas hepatic lipase activity remained virtually unchanged. Total lipoprotein lipase activity per g of adipose tissue increased in pantethine-treated rats compared with controls. Furthermore, the soluble lipoprotein lipase of fat-pads was fractionated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The first active peak, originated from the microsomal fractions, significantly increased after the drug treatment, while the second one, originated from the plasma membranes, remained unchanged. The increase in the microsomal lipoprotein lipase activity may be due to an increase in intracellular synthesis of lipoprotein lipase enzyme proteins. The heterogeneity of lipoprotein lipase of rat adipose tissues was ensured using affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Chromatography, Agarose; Epididymis; Hyperlipidemias; Lipids; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Pantetheine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sepharose; Subcellular Fractions; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Animals; Clofibrate; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipoproteins, HDL; Male; Pantetheine; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Nicotinic Acids; Organ Size; Pantetheine; Phytosterols; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Vitamin E