pancuronium and Body-Weight

To compare two oral contraceptive pills, both containing 150 micrograms desogestrel, but with either 20 micrograms (Mercilon) or 30 micrograms (Marvelon/Desolett) ethinyl oestradiol (EE), regarding reliability, cycle control and side effect profile.. A double blind, randomised, multicentre study over one year with follow up after three, six and 12 months. The women noted tablet intake and all bleedings on specifically designed diary cards.. University clinics, central hospitals and private gynaecological practices in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.. One thousand women aged 18 to 40 years requesting oral contraceptive pills.. Reliability, cycle control, side effects, blood pressure, body weight and haemoglobin.. In a total of 4543 cycles with the 20 micrograms EE dose pill and 4688 cycles with the 30 micrograms EE dose pill, the number of pregnancies ascribed to method failure were 0 and 2, respectively. Irregular bleeding (break-through bleeding or spotting) was significantly more frequent with the 150/20 combination in about two-thirds of the cycles randomly distributed over the one year of the study. Mean blood pressure decreased slightly, particularly in the group on the 150/20 combination (about 1 mmHg), whereas mean body weight increased approximately 0.5 kg in the group with the 150/30 combination after 12 months. Haemoglobin did not change. Side effects other than bleeding problems were rare, but dizziness and mood changes were more frequent in the group on the 150/20 combination. Due to side effects, more women on the 150/20 combination discontinued the study during the one to three and four to six month periods, and women on this pill were also less positive about continuing the study drug at the end of the trial.. Both pills have high contraceptive reliability and are well tolerated, but with the 150/20 combination the cycle control is less effective. However, in view of the potentially increased safety profile of the 150/20 combination, many women can be expected to accept some additional discomfort due to irregular bleeding.. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter study compared 2 combined oral contraceptives containing 150 mcg desogestrel and either 30 mcg (Marvelon/Desolett) or 20 mcg (Mercilon) of ethinyl estradiol, focusing on reliable pregnancy prevention and cycle control. The women were 300 Norwegians, 500 Swedes, and 200 Danes, 52% of whom switched from a prior brand of pill. Women completed bleeding diaries: all bleeding that did not start in the 7-day tablet-free interval and last for 7 or fewer days was considered irregular bleeding, either breakthrough bleeding or spotting. The 2 groups were similar except that those taking the 150/20 combination were slightly older. There were 2 pregnancies with the 20 mcg combination and 3 with the 30 mcg pill, 2 of which were considered method failures. In 8573 cycles analyzed there were more instances of irregular bleeding and amenorrhea with the 20 mcg pill than with the 30 mcg pill. Duration of breakthrough bleeding was not significantly different. Irregular bleeding was also more common n women switching from another brand of pill to a lower estrogen dose pill. Blood pressure decreased slightly on the 20 mcg ill and body weight rose slightly on the 30 mcg pill, but hemoglobin did not change. More women dropped out or chose not to continue taking the 150/20 mcg pill because of side effects, usually irregular bleeding, mood changes, dizziness, or weight gain. Despite these differences, there were enough women who tolerated the lower dose combination pill to merit continuing to take it.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Desogestrel; Double-Blind Method; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Pancuronium; Risk Factors

The frequency of post-suxamethonium pain after pretreatment with small doses of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents was studied in 299 patients. Gallamine 10 and 20 mg, tubocurarine 5 mg and pancuronium 1 mg were equally effective when a 2-min interval was allowed between their injection and suxamethonium administration. Fazadinium was ineffective and caused difficulty with intubation. No evidence supporting the concept that dosage should be related to patient's weight was found. Inpatients suffered from post-suxamethonium pain as much as did outpatients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pain, Postoperative; Pancuronium; Premedication; Pyridinium Compounds; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine

Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Androstanes; Anesthesia; Atropine; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors

Infantile tracheomalacia is a potentially life-threatening disease requiring prolonged artificial respiratory support. Diagnosis and management of this disease may be further improved by establishing a suitable objective and quantitative assessment protocol for tracheal collapsibility. It is our hypothesis that tracheal collapsibility can be represented by the relationship between intraluminal pressure and the cross-sectional area of the trachea. To test this hypothesis, static pressure/area relationships of the trachea were obtained from anesthetized and paralyzed infants, who were diagnosed as having tracheomalacia by endoscopic observation. These relationships were fitted on a linear regression model, followed by calculation of the estimated closing pressure. The tracheal closing pressure ranged from -8 to -27 cm H(2)O, suggesting easy collapsibility of the trachea during crying or coughing and noncollapsibility during the spontaneous respiratory cycle, which coincided with the infants' symptoms. It is our conclusion that tracheal collapsibility of infants with tracheomalacia can be quantitatively assessed by the static pressure/area relationship of the trachea obtained under general anesthesia and paralysis.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Anesthesia, General; Body Weight; Bronchoscopy; Case-Control Studies; Compliance; Cough; Crying; Cyanosis; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Linear Models; Male; Manometry; Midazolam; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Predictive Value of Tests; Pressure; Respiratory Mechanics; Tracheal Diseases; Video Recording

Whether fetal breathing movements or gasping result in the movement of amniotic fluid substances into the distal airways remains controversial. We evaluated the effect of paralysis of the preterm rabbit fetus on the pulmonary distribution of iron dextran.. Laparotomy was performed on 10 New Zealand White rabbits of 25 days' gestation (term 31 days) under general anesthesia. Fetuses in one uterine horn were given an intramuscular injection of pancuronium (1.5 mg/kg) and fetuses in the other horn were given an equal volume of normal saline solution as controls. A 1 ml volume of iron dextran (100 mg/ml) was injected into the amniotic sac of all fetuses. The laparotomy was closed, and 20 to 24 hours later the fetuses were removed by hysterotomy and assessed for paralysis. Necropsy was performed. Lungs were stained with prussian blue and evaluated histologically for the presence of iron.. A total of 92 pups were delivered (49 given pancuronium, 43 given normal saline solution), of which 64 were born alive. There were no differences between groups for live births (31 pancuronium, 33 normal saline solution), pup body weight, or lung weight. Pups given normal saline solution demonstrated more breathing motions, spontaneous movement, and brown (color of iron dextran) stomach contents than did the pups given pancuronium (p < 0.001). At necropsy a greater number of control pups (31/33) had brown lungs grossly compared with pups given pancuronium (2/31, p < 0.001). Lung histologic examination showed that more control pups (29/29) had iron in the trachea and main bronchi compared with pancuronium pups (0/27, p < 0.001), and more control pups (29/29) had iron in the distal lung airways compared with pancuronium pups (0/27, p < 0.001). With use of the Optimas Image Analysis System, iron in the lungs of control pups was found to be equally distributed between right versus left lungs, upper half versus lower half lungs, and anterior versus posterior lung sections. More iron was identified in the central airways than in the periphery (p < 0.001).. We conclude that paralysis prevents the uptake of iron dextran into the main and distal airways of the rabbit fetus. Although lung fluid production results in a net efflux of fluid, we speculate that fetal breathing movements can result in the movement of fluid into distal airways and potentially provide fetal therapy.

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Movement; Fetus; Injections, Intramuscular; Iron-Dextran Complex; Lung; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Organ Size; Pancuronium; Paralysis; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Respiration

Four case histories are presented illustrating the unpleasant and serious reactions that may follow precurarization with small doses of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. The importance of preoperative information, the necessity of relating the dose of the precurarizing drug to the weight of the patient and the possibility of hypersensitivity to this drug are emphasized.

Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Body Weight; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Paralysis; Preanesthetic Medication; Sensation; Vecuronium Bromide

The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of pancuronium were investigated. The distribution volume of pancuronium did not appear to be age-dependent, but elimination of the drug decreased with increasing age. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Anesthesia, General; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Pancuronium

Tubocurarine 0.05 and 0.07 mg.kg-1, gallamine 0.1 and 0.2 mg.kg-1 and pancuronium 0.01 and 0.02 mg.kg-1 given three minutes before suxamethonium 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg.kg-1 in groups of 10 patients each (total 210 patients) to compare ease of tracheal intubation and incidence of post-suxamethonium muscle pain. These were compared with a control group of suxamethonium 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg.kg-1 given alone after thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1. On analysis, tubocurarine 0.07 mg.kg-1 and suxamethonium 2 mg.kg-1 was the ideal combination with the best intubation conditions and the lowest incidence of post-suxamethonium muscle pains. The second best combination was gallamine 0.2 mg.kg-1 and suxamethonium 2 mg.kg-1. Pancuronium 0.01 mg.kg-1 and 0.02 mg.kg-1 in combination with suxamethonium 2 mg.kg-1 were satisfactory, although less efficient than the combination with either tubocurarine or gallamine.

Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Fasciculation; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Muscles; Pain, Postoperative; Pancuronium; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine

Requirements of pancruonium were evaluated in 50 adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery in halothane anaesthesia. A significant negative correlation was found between gamma-globulin and the apnoeic dose of pancuronium (r = --0.335, P less than 0.02), on the one hand, and the apnoeic period after it (r = --0.311, P less than 0.05), on the other hand. beta-Globulin displayed a significant positive correlation with the apnoeic period after pancuronium (r = 0.344, P less than 0.02). The heavier patients necessitated less drug/kg bw. to obtain apnoea than the leaner ones did. Finally, the females showed a higher sensitivity to pancuronium in comparison to the males.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Anesthesia; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Female; Halothane; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxation; Pancuronium; Protein Binding; Time Factors

Correlations among the elements indispensable to the choice of an average dose of pachycurare are established for surgical needs. Weight and duration of the surgery jointly allow to foresee with approximately 80 p. 100 accuracy the effective dose required for a surgical curarization controlled according to clinical and electromyographical criteria. After calculation of the average consumption of pachycurare per unit of time, a group of curves is established by successive integrations of additional doses representing a family of parabolae corresponding to a second-degree equation: P = alpha + beta t + gamma t2 where P: the cumulative dose for a determined period of time, per kg of body weight and thus total dose if t: the duration of the surgery, t: the time variable, alpha, beta and gamma: significant calculated coefficients. This analytical function established for the use of Pancuronium - bromide in surgery, is also being tried for the curarizing substance: AH.8165.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Weight; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Pyridinium Compounds; Sex Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Bile; Biotransformation; Body Weight; Cholecystectomy; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Common Bile Duct; Female; Fluorometry; Half-Life; Humans; Hydroxylation; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Pelvis; Time Factors; Urinary Catheterization

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Body Height; Body Weight; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Pancuronium; Pulse; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Tubocurarine

Topics: Anesthesia; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Histamine Release; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Insufficiency; Succinylcholine; Time Factors; Tubocurarine

Topics: Androstanes; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Placenta; Pregnancy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androstanes; Anesthesia, General; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histamine Release; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Pulse; Time Factors; Urologic Diseases; Vital Capacity

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Androstanes; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Humans; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Pulse; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Androstanes; Anesthesia; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections; Isonipecotic Acids; Male; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Succinylcholine; Synaptic Transmission; Thiopental