pancuronium and Arrhythmias--Cardiac

Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Ciliary Body; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Arrest; Humans; Nerve Block; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Pancuronium; Reflex; Reflex, Oculocardiac; Strabismus; Trigeminal Nerve; Vagus Nerve

One hundred and twenty patients undergoing anaesthesia for elective surgery received either pancuronium or vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Within each of these two groups, half were given glycopyrronium and the remainder an inert placebo. The incidence of bradycardia or bradydysrhythmias was higher in the group having vecuronium compared with those given pancuronium. Glycopyrronium afforded protection against undesirable vagal activity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Pyrrolidines; Vecuronium Bromide

Neuromuscular block was antagonized using pyridostigmine 250 micrograms kg-1 in two groups of 50 patients; one group received atropine 20 micrograms kg-1 and the other glycopyrrolate 10 micrograms kg-1 with the anticholinesterase drug. Atropine was associated with a greater initial tachycardia than was glycopyrrolate. The subsequent bradycardia was also greater in this group, although the decreases in heart rate were smaller than those generally observed following mixtures of atropine and neostigmine. Arrhythmias were transient and required no treatment in either group. Better control of secretions was achieved with glycopyrrolate.

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Drug Combinations; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Oropharynx; Pancuronium; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Pyrrolidines

Eighty healthy adult patients randomly allocated to four groups received pancuronium 0.01, 0.015, 0.02 mg kg-1 or gallamine 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v. 3 min before induction. Just before induction of anaesthesia, the patients were examined for signs and symptoms of neuromuscular blockade. After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, suxamethonium 1.5 mg kg-1 was administered i.v. Five minutes later the second dose was injected. No serious arrhythmia was seen in any of the four groups following the repeated dose of suxamethonium. However, the highest dose of pancuronium (0.02 mg kg-1) caused an unacceptably high frequency of partial neuromuscular blockade.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Halothane; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Premedication; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

A prospective study of 79 fit young adults who underwent oral dental surgery was undertaken with five different anaesthetic techniques. Anaesthesia was commenced with methohexitone or flunitrazepam, muscle relaxants, and cuffed nasal intubation, and anaesthesia was maintained with 50% nitrous oxide, 50% oxygen, halothane or fentanyl with or without intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Six of the 33 patients who received methohexitone and halothane developed dangerous dysrhythmias. Flunitrazepam, IPPV, adequate analgesia and anaesthesia provide maximum cardiovascular stability.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Fentanyl; Flunitrazepam; Halothane; Heart Rate; Humans; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation; Male; Methohexital; Pancuronium; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinylcholine; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diazepam; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Ketamine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Myocardial Revascularization; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Edrophonium; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Hydroxyzine; Male; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Junction; Pancuronium; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Pyrrolidines

To determine the incidence, triggers, and timing of myocardial injury during reoperation for coronary artery bypass surgery.. Prospective observational.. One tertiary care university hospital.. 15 patients undergoing reoperation.. Multilead electrocardiographic monitoring approximately every 3 minutes during surgery.. The occurrence of a new ischemic ST elevation or depression on the electrocardiogram (ECG) was determined. A major deterioration in ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) also was determined. Peak creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) > or = 25 IU/L was considered to be the marker of myocardial injury. Seven patients demonstrated myocardial injury, all intraoperatively. Five of these patients had new ST elevation episodes before CPB. Three of the episodes were temporally associated with an abrupt increase in the heart rate. The other two episodes were temporally associated with surgical manipulation of the heart and the old grafts. The sixth patient had a significant deterioration of ventricular function during CPB. One of the patients who had ST elevation before CPB and the seventh patient developed ST elevation towards the end of protamine administration.. In patients undergoing reoperation, the intraoperative incidence of myocardial injury, especially before CPB, was found to be substantially higher than that previously reported.

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Creatine Kinase; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Heparin Antagonists; Humans; Incidence; Intraoperative Complications; Intubation, Intratracheal; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Myocardial Ischemia; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Prospective Studies; Protamines; Reoperation; Ventricular Dysfunction

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Drug Combinations; Edrophonium; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Humans; Isoflurane; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Junction; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Pancuronium; Vecuronium Bromide

Topics: Anesthetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Drug Combinations; Fentanyl; Heart Arrest; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Sufentanil; Vecuronium Bromide

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Vecuronium Bromide

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Vecuronium Bromide

We have used immature commercial swine (13-25 kg) successfully in a variety of experimental cardiopulmonary surgical procedures in our laboratories since 1981. Multiple drug anesthetic protocols using barbiturates, narcotics, paralytic and antiarrhythmic agents have been employed in over 400 procedures per year. Complications, including fatal cardiac arrhythmias, have been greatly reduced by anesthetic protocols and surgical procedures developed through experience.

Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; Female; Fentanyl; Halothane; Heart Transplantation; Male; Pancuronium; Pentobarbital; Pneumonectomy; Succinylcholine; Swine; Thiamylal; Thiopental; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Reflex; Reflex, Oculocardiac; Vecuronium Bromide

Intramuscular injection of levomepromazine (0.5 mg/kg) 30 min before intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium induces a good surgical anaesthesia in dogs artificially ventilated with 50% N2O and 50% O2 and given 0.01 mg/kg atropine and 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium intravenously before left thoracotomy. This protocol is suitable for the study of the arrhythmogenic effects of acute one-stage coronary artery ligation in anaesthetized dogs. In fact, minor interference with the autonomic nervous system appears to be involved since heart rate is maintained slow and mean aortic pressure is kept within normal limits, as pH, PaO2, anc PaCO2 during subsequent periods. Acute circumflex coronary arterio-venous pedicle ligation close to the left main trunk division resulted in this model in a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation (10 out of 15 dogs) early (7 +/- 4 min) after occlusion. Specific interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of early post-ischemic life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias might be tested in this model.

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Female; Ligation; Male; Methotrimeprazine; Pancuronium; Pentobarbital; Preanesthetic Medication

Atropine 0.015 mg kg-1 and glycopyrrolate 0.0075 mg kg-1 were compared as antimuscarinic agents during reversal of pancuronium block with neostigmine 0.03 mg kg-1 in 30 patients anaesthetized with thiopental-N2O-halothane and undergoing minor surgery. In patients treated with atropine-neostigmine, the frequencies of bradycardia and junctional rhythm were relatively high and about the same as those reported by us previously in patients anaesthetized with thiopental-N2O-fentanyl. As in our previous study, glycopyrrolate seemed to have advantages over atropine during reversal of pancuronium block: the incidences of bradycardia and junctional rhythm were significantly less in patients treated with glycopyrrolate. Recovery from anaesthesia, as assessed by the awakening after discontinuation of N2O and halothane administration, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, were not significantly different between the atropine and glycopyrrolate groups.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Halothane; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Pyrrolidines; Varicose Veins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Digitalis Glycosides; Digoxin; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Potassium; Succinylcholine

Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Catecholamines; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Isoflurane; Male; Methyl Ethers; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Pheochromocytoma

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Drug Combinations; Edrophonium; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Pyrrolidines

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Pancuronium

Topics: Aminophylline; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Drug Interactions; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Tachycardia

Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Pancuronium

The authors studied the effects of pancuronium, 14--200 micrograms/kg, on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions) in dogs anesthetized with halothane, 1.4 MAC. Neither muscle relaxant significantly affected the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine. This finding indicates that the usual guidelines for the administration of epinephrine during halothane anesthesia are not affected by concomitant administration of the two nondepolarizing muscle relaxants studied.

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Halothane; Heart Rate; Male; Pancuronium; Tubocurarine

The effect of pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg i.v. on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure were investigated in two groups of eight patients, each receiving inhalational anaesthesia with either halothane or cyclopropane. A more pronounced effect on HR in the cyclopropane group with a mean increase of 104% occurred. The mean increase in the halothane group was 54%. There was a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the HR increases The vagolytic effect of pancuronium and the influence of halothane and cyclopropane on the autonomic nervous system are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Cyclopropanes; Female; Halothane; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium

Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enflurane; Halothane; Heart Rate; Imipramine; Methyl Ethers; Pancuronium

Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Enflurane; Epinephrine; Fentanyl; Halothane; Meperidine; Methoxyflurane; Morphine; Narcotics; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium

Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dogs; Gallamine Triethiodide; Halothane; Humans; Imipramine; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium

Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Neuroleptanalgesia; Pancuronium

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dextrans; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fentanyl; Halothane; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pancuronium; Potassium; Time Factors; Vasodilation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Anesthesia, Local; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nerve Block; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Female; Ganglia, Autonomic; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Morphine; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Stellate Ganglion; Syndrome; Thiamylal; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Edrophonium; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pancuronium; Propantheline; Pulse; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiration; Salivation; Scopolamine Derivatives; Time Factors

The effects of dobutamine, a new catecholamine, have been studied during anaesthesia with halothane, halothane and nitrous oxide and alphaprodine. Renal blood flow is increased by dobutamine as are mean arterial pressure and heart rate. The increase in rate is less marked during alphaprodine anaesthesia than when halothane is administered. Dobutamine may prove a useful agent in the management of acute circulatory failure but it is capable of inducing dysrhythmias under the conditions of these experiments.

Topics: Alphaprodine; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Catecholamines; Dobutamine; Dogs; Halothane; Heart Rate; Kidney; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Regional Blood Flow; Thiopental; Tubocurarine

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Halothane; Heart Rate; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Pancuronium; Pulmonary Alveoli; Tachycardia; Time Factors

Topics: Androstanes; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asthma; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium

Topics: Anesthesia; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Histamine Release; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Insufficiency; Succinylcholine; Time Factors; Tubocurarine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Methohexital; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Oxygen; Pancuronium; Thiopental; Toxiferine; Tubocurarine