oxytocin and Vascular-Diseases

Topics: Female; Hand; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vascular Diseases; Young Adult

Extracellular single-unit recording experiments were done in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves (ARN) and renal vein (RVO) or artery (RAO) occlusion on the discharge rate of putative arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (Oxy) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). PVH neurons antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis were classified as either AVP or Oxy secreting on the basis of their spontaneous discharge patterns and response to activation of arterial baroreceptors. Ninety-eight putative neurosecretory neurons in the PVH were tested for their response to electrical stimulation of ARN: 44 were classified as putative AVP and 54 as putative Oxy neurons. Of the 44 AVP neurons, 52% were excited, 7% were inhibited, and 41% were nonresponsive to ARN stimulation. Of the 54 Oxy neurons, 43% were excited, 6% inhibited, and 51% were not affected by ARN. An additional 45 neurosecretory neurons (29 AVP and 16 Oxy neurons) were tested for their responses to RVO and/or RAO. RVO inhibited 42% of the putative AVP neurons and 13% of the putative Oxy neurons. On the other hand, RAO excited 33% of the AVP and 9% of the Oxy neurons. No AVP or Oxy neurons were found to be excited by RVO or inhibited by RAO. These data indicate that sensory information originating in renal receptors alters the activity of AVP and Oxy neurons in the PVH and suggest that these renal receptors contribute to the hypothalamic control of AVP and Oxy release into the circulation.

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Constriction, Pathologic; Electric Stimulation; Kidney; Male; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Artery; Renal Veins; Vascular Diseases; Vasopressins

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Female; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vascular Diseases

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxytocin induction and augmentation on neonatal bilirubin levels in newborns of diabetic and hypertensive mothers. All women included in the study were admitted to the obstetrics department at Al Hussein Hospital. They were 18-38 years old, and their gestational ages were 38-41 weeks by date. A total number of 140 newborn infants were divided into 3 groups and studied for bilirubin levels. The first group consisted of 40 infants of diabetic mothers, 20 of whom were given oxytocin for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The second group consisted of 40 infants of hypertensive mothers, 20 of whom were given oxytocin for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The third group consisted of 60 controls, 20 of whom were given oxytocin for labor induction, 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation, and 20 of whom received no oxytocin. It was found that total and unconjugated bilirubin levels were higher in infants delivered after induction of labor, whether their mothers were diabetic, hypertensive, or neither, than in infants delivered without labor induction. Bilirubin levels were mildly high in infants of diabetic mothers after augmented delivery and then nullified after 24 hours. However, the study suggested that the increased bilirubin levels were related to induced labor rather than the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns were of average weight.

Topics: Africa; Africa, Northern; Biology; Blood; Case-Control Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Demography; Developing Countries; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Egypt; Endocrine System; Hormones; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hypertension; Middle East; Oxytocin; Physiology; Pituitary Hormones; Population; Population Characteristics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Reproduction; Research; Vascular Diseases; Women

A parturient patient with imminent gangrene of the extremity caused by oxytocin-induced arteriospasm is described. The appliance of conventional measures such as anticoagulation and vasodilatation produced an immediate and sustained reversal of the arteriospasm together with dramatic relief of symptoms and signs.

Topics: Adult; Arm; Arteries; Cesarean Section; Female; Hand; Humans; Oxytocin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Spasm; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Spasm; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxytocin; Vascular Diseases; Vasoconstriction