oxytocin and Syndrome

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, a new term for a condition more renowned as atrophic vaginitis, is a hypoestrogenic condition with external genital, urological, and sexual implications that affects >50% of postmenopausal women. Due to sexual embarrassment and the sensitive nature of discussing symptoms, genitourinary syndrome of menopause is greatly underdiagnosed. The most up-to-date literature pertaining to clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause is comprehensively reviewed. Early detection and individually tailored pharmacologic (eg, estrogen therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulator, synthetic steroid, oxytocin, and dehydroepiandrosterone) and/or nonpharmacologic (eg, laser therapies, moisturizers and lubricants, homeopathic remedies, and lifestyle modifications) treatment is paramount for not only improving quality of life but also for preventing exacerbation of symptoms in women with this condition.

Topics: Atrophic Vaginitis; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dyspareunia; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Life Style; Low-Level Light Therapy; Lubricants; Menopause; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Quality of Life; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Syndrome; Urinary Incontinence; Vulvar Diseases

Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Insipidus; Diethylstilbestrol; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Neurophysins; Nicotine; Osmolar Concentration; Oxytocin; Posture; Smoking; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Biological Assay; Diabetes Insipidus; Humans; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Radioimmunoassay; Syndrome; Vasopressins; Water Deprivation

In this pilot, prospective, randomized, double-blind study, the authors compared the efficacy of oxytocin with promestriene in improving vaginal atrophy of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM).. A total of 51 postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM were evaluated. They were randomized into two groups: oxytocin (25 patients) and promestriene (26 patients) and were evaluated before and after 90 days of treatment; the evaluation was based on the domains of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) (lubrication, satisfaction, and pain during sexual intercourse), clinical visual examination, and vaginal wall thickness.. After the use of the medications, both groups showed significant improvement in the three evaluated FSFI domains (p < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). On clinical examination, the medications improved all the evaluated parameters but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The evaluation of the thickness of the vaginal epithelium showed that both treatments led to increase in the vaginal epithelium (p < 0.05); however, the efficacy of promestriene was higher than that of oxytocin (p < 0.05).. Both medications were effective, however, studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the clinical applicability.

Topics: Atrophy; Double-Blind Method; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Menopause; Oxytocin; Pilot Projects; Postmenopause; Prospective Studies; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Vagina

Plasma prolactin levels are sensitive to dopamine and serotonin function, and fatigue. Low cortisol, dopamine and/or serotonin may be involved in burnout and detachment.. In this double-blind within-subject study, we treated 9 female burnout subjects and 9 controls with 35 mg cortisol and placebo orally. We measured state affect and plasma prolactin, oxytocin, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and administered an attachment questionnaire.. The burnout subjects displayed an extreme distribution of basal prolactin levels, displaying higher or lower levels compared to the controls. The low prolactin burnouts had profoundly low attachment scores and tended to have low oxytocin levels. The high prolactin burnout subjects tended to show cortisol-induced decreased prolactin and fatigue, and increased vigor.. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that burnout subjects are either characterized by low serotonergic function or by low dopaminergic function, and that the latter group benefits from cortisol replacement. These preliminary results suggest that differentiating between two syndromes may resolve inconsistencies in research on burnout, and be necessary for selecting the right treatment strategy.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Burnout, Professional; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Multivariate Analysis; Oxytocin; Prolactin; Surveys and Questionnaires; Syndrome

We sought to compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol administered to patients with the efficacy and safety in a control group treated with a Foley catheter and oxytocin for induction of labor.. Two hundred patients requiring induction of labor at term with a Bishop score of

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Catheterization; Cervical Ripening; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Induced; Misoprostol; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy; Syndrome; Time Factors; Uterine Contraction

Genital endometriosis (GE) is a widespread gynecological disease which requires its further pathogenesis investigation and search for new effective treatments. The known data of oxytocin receptor presence in endometrioid heterotopy smooth muscle cells give some grounds to assume oxytocin participation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The present study objective was to evaluate oxytocin level in peripheral blood (PB) in patients with endometriosis associated pain syndrome and to estimate the efficacy of oxytocin receptor inhibitors (IOXTR) administration based on animal endometriosis model.. The basic group comprised 61 patients with endometriosis associated pain syndrome, while 21 patients formed the control group. VAS, MPQ, and BBS objective tests were applied for pain syndrome evaluation. Oxytocin level in PB was measured by immunoenzyme method. After confirmation of endometriosis experimental model formation in rats and further randomization, a daily IOXTR intra-abdominal injection was performed in a dose of 0.35 mg/kg/24 h in the basic group (. Oxytocin level in PB was authentically higher in patients with GE compared to the control: 51.45 (35.54-62.76) pg/mL and 27.64 (23.23-34.12) pg/mL, respectively (. The obtained results confirm the oxytocin role in the pathogenesis of endometrioid associated pain syndrome. The high efficacy of IOXTR administration based on animal model of surgically induced endometriosis allows viewing this method as a perspective therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Oxytocin; Pelvic Pain; Peritoneal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Oxytocin; Syndrome; Vasotocin; Young Adult

Clinically significant separation anxiety [SA] has been identified as being common among patients who do not respond to psychiatric interventions, regardless of intervention type (pharmacological or psychotherapeutic), across anxiety and mood disorders. An attachment formation and maintenance domain has been proposed as contributing to anxiety disorders. We therefore directly determined prevalence of SA in a population of adult treatment non-responders suffering from primary anxiety. In these separation anxious nonresponders, we pilot-tested an SA-focused, attachment-based psychotherapy for anxiety, Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy-eXtended Range [PFPP-XR], and assessed whether hypothesized biomarkers of attachment were engaged. We studied separation anxiety [SA] in 46 adults (ages 23-70 [mean 43.9 (14.9)]) with clinically significant anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]≥15), and reporting a history of past non-response to psychotherapy and/or medication treatments. Thirty-seven (80%) had clinically significant symptoms of separation anxiety (Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms [SCI-SAS] score≥8). Five of these subjects completed an open clinical trial of Panic Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy eXtended Range [PFPP-XR], a 21-24 session, 12-week manualized attachment-focused anxiolytic psychodynamic psychotherapy for anxiety. Patients improved on "adult threshold" SCI-SAS (current separation anxiety) (p=.016), HARS (p=0.002), and global severity, assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale (p=.0006), at treatment termination. Salivary oxytocin levels decreased 67% after treatment (p=.12). There was no significant change in high or low frequency HRV after treatment, but change in high frequency HRV inversely correlated with treatment change in oxytocin (p<.02), and change in low frequency HRV was positively associated with change in oxytocin (p<.02). SA is surprisingly prevalent among non-responders to standard anti-anxiety treatments, and it may represent a novel transdiagnostic target for treatment intervention in this population. Anxiety and global function improved in a small trial of a brief, manualized, attachment-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, potentially supporting the clinical relevance of attachment dysfunction in this sample. The large decrease in oxytocin levels with treatment, although not statistically significant in this very small sample, suggests the need for further study of

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety, Separation; Biomarkers; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Object Attachment; Oxytocin; Psychotherapy; Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic; Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), a common, clinically heterogeneous endocrine disorder affecting young women, is associated with endocrinopathy and metabolic abnormalities. The Xiang-Fu-Si-Wu Decoction (XFSWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation used to treat PDM.. In the current study, a plasma metabonomics method based on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system was employed to examine the mechanism of XFSWD action in PDM.. Estradiol benzoate (0.01 g/kg/d) and oxytocin (5 mL/kg) were used to create the dysmenorrhea rat model. Based on the chromatographic data of plasma samples at different time-points following oral administration of XFSWD mixed in water (37.8 g crude herbs/kg) on day 7, partial least square (PLS) and discriminate analysis (DA) were applied to visualize group differentiation and marker selection.. Systemic changes occurring in PDM reflect alterations in not only uterus function but also whole-body metabolism. The XFSWD was effective as a therapeutic agent for PDM by reflect metabolic pathway. Prostaglandins and lysophospholipids were identified as two marker types for oxytocin-induced dysmenorrhea syndrome, including LysoPC(18:4), LysoPE(22:2/0:0), LysoPC(17:0), PGJ₂, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD₂, 15-deoxy-δ-12,14-PGJ₂, LysoPC(20:3), etc. Specifically, the concentrations of prostaglandins compounds (PGJ₂, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD₂, 15-deoxy-δ-12,14-PGJ₂) were increased while those of lysophospholipid compounds [lysoPC(18:4), LysoPE(22:2/0:0), LysoPC(17:0)] were decreased to a significant extent (p < 0.05) in dysmenorrheal rats. Upon treatment with the XFSWD at 12 h, the concentrations of lysophospholipids showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the model and normal groups. The lysophospholipid levels were restored. Lysophospholipids were the key factors in phospholipid metabolism. Thus, disruption of phospholipids metabolism appears critical for the development of dysmenorrhea. The XFSWD exerted its effects by interfering with the sphingolipid metabolic pathway.. The metabonomics method presents a promising tool to treat PDM in animal models, and may be applicable for clinical treatment of the human disease in the future.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Discriminant Analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dysmenorrhea; Estradiol; Female; Least-Squares Analysis; Lysophospholipids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Oxytocin; Prostaglandins; Syndrome

This study analyzed the effects of systemic oxytocin (OT) administration and 48-h food deprivation on the polydipsia, hyperphagia, and polyuria produced by electrolytic lesions of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). In a first experiment, food deprivation transiently decreased the polydipsic response, whereas food deprivation plus OT administration reduced the water intake and urine excretion of polydipsic animals but not their subsequent food intake. These results were replicated in a second experiment (20 days), which also showed that OT potentiates sodium excretion, reducing the estimated plasma sodium levels in food-deprived MBH-lesioned animals. Administration of OT on day 21 to food-deprived (from day 20 to 22) animals (second period of the experiment 2) blocked the differences in water intake and urine excretion volumes between MBH and control animals on days 21 and 22. Subsequently, this 48-h food deprivation induced an additional and lasting (days 23-40) reduction in the intake of water and food of MBH animals. According to these findings, OT administration and/or food deprivation may potentially exert enduring reducing effects on the polydipsia, polyuria, and hyperphagia of MBH syndrome.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Food Deprivation; Hyperphagia; Hypothalamus; Male; Oxytocin; Polydipsia; Polyuria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Syndrome

Endogenous oxytocin is released by the sow at the time of mating in response to stimulation by the boar, which may explain, at least partially, the importance of the relationship between the boar's courting activity and the subsequent reproductive performance of the sow. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on reproductive performance of supplementing AI doses with exogenous oxytocin during the low fertility season. At an intensive piggery in northwest Spain 3 experimental groups were randomly formed and observed throughout the year. Group 1 sows were inseminated with semen supplemented with 4 IU oxytocin. Group 2 sows received 4 IU oxytocin injected through the vulvar lips mucosa at the time of insemination. Group 3 sows were inseminated without oxytocin and served as the controls. During the low fertility season the results for each group were as follows: farrowing rate 77.02, 56.25 and 54.39%, and litter size 10.77 +/- 0.28, 10.45 +/- 0.31 and 8.53 +/- 0.34 respectively. It is concluded that the addition of oxytocin to seminal doses just before AI is an easily applicable, effective method for increasing fertility and litter size during the summer months.

Topics: Animals; Female; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spain; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

The disk method with Ericson and Bauer's solid nutrient media were employed to ascertain the drug resistance of a total of 54 strains of Escherichia coli, 25 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 11 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 7 strains of Corynebacterium pyogenes, 7 strains of Streptococcus uberis, 2 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 1 strain of Streptococcus disgalactiae isolated from utero-cervical exudate and milk samples of sows with clinical symptoms of mastitis-metritis-agalactia (MMA). It was found that gentamycin only suppressed 100 per cent of the strains. So far as the other chemotherapeutic agents were concerned the organisms showed a varying extent of resistance. After determining the sensitivity of the strains to drugs two groups of pigs (from which the strains referred to were isolated) were subject to treatment. All 20 sows of the first group were treated with oxytocin only, while the 446 animals of the second group were treated with gentamycin in combination with oxytocin. It was found that effective therapy in the case of MMA was impossible with the application of preparations on the base of the hind lobe of the pituitary only. It is necessary to use chemotherapeutic means tow which the isolated organisms are susceptible.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cervix Uteri; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Female; Gentamicins; Lactation Disorders; Mastitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

The perinatal mortality and morbidity of 185 post-term pregnancies managed by weekly trial inductions starting at 42 weeks' gestation were compared to those of 119 post-term pregnancies with spontaneous labor before a trial induction was accomplished. One stillbirth occurred in the spontaneous labor group and one in the induced group. There was no statistical difference in the maternal or fetal morbidity in terms of bradycardia in labor, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, meconium aspiration, 1-minute Apgar scores less than 4, macrosomia (more than 4000 g), neonatal pneumonia, and the incidence of cesarean section. This retrospective analysis suggests that standard clinical management is sufficient to assure optimal perinatal outcome in post-term pregnancies.

Topics: Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Syndrome

The dose-response and time-response relationships between injected oxytocin and intramammary pressure were investigated in normal lactating sows. In less than 39 s after 20, 40, or 80 U of oxytocin was given (IM injection), there was a rapid initial increase in intramammary pressure (15 to 27 mm of Hg) which lasted 22 to 32 s. After this initial response, there were secondary oscillations in pressure which lasted approximately 40 minutes (20 U) and up to 60 minutes (40 or 80 U). Changes in intramammary pressure during each oscillation varied between 1 and 5 mm of Hg. Mean values for frequency and amplitude of oscillations and total work (area under the trace) were measured. Compared with response obtained after 20 U of oxytocin was given, responses obtained at the 40-U or 80-U dose level had an increased frequency (150.0% and 249.0%, respectively) and total work (36.6% and 104.4%, respectively), but not amplitude. Thus, there may be some clinical advantage in milk let-down effect when sows are given the larger doses of oxytocin (40 or 80 U). These results indicate that newborn pigs should be allowed to nurse at the same time in which oxytocin is injected.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Endometritis; Female; Lactation Disorders; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

Mammary gland responsiveness to exogenous oxytocin during lactation was assessed by measuring changes in intramammary pressure of healthy sows given (IM injection) synthetic oxytocin (40 U). Response to oxytocin was measured once a week for the first 8 weeks of lactation. Recordings of pressure changes were expressed as mean area (cm2) under the trace at each 10-minute interval over 30 minutes after oxytocin had been given. During the 2nd week of lactation, there was a 55.3% increase (P less than 0.05) in responsiveness to oxytocin (25.1 +/- 4.2 cm2/10 minutes) as compared with the 1st week (13.9 +/- 2.2 cm2/10 minutes). Responsiveness decreased, however, from the 2nd to the 8th week. Since the incidence of mastitis-metritis-agalactia in sows is particularly high during the 1st week of lactation, low responsiveness of the mammary gland to oxytocin may be a contributing factor.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Endometritis; Female; Lactation; Lactation Disorders; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

In an initial study at the Yale-New Haven Hospital human chorionic somatomammotropin levels were reported to have predictive significance for the antepartum diagnosis of the postmaturity syndrome. Expanded data from the same institution do not support the original findings.

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Postmature; Organ Size; Oxytocin; Placenta; Placenta Diseases; Placental Lactogen; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Prenatal Diagnosis; Syndrome

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Hyponatremia; Isoproterenol; Osmolar Concentration; Oxytocin; Rats; Syndrome; Vasopressins

Appearance of a repetitive late deceleration pattern following oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in the prepartum patient may indicate fetal compromise, while absence of this finding may reflect fetal well-being. In this study, 72 patients at risk for intrauterine asphyxia underwent 81 satisfactory oxytocin challenge tests. Eight tests in seven patients were interpreted as positive; 72, as negative; and one, as suspicious. In 64 patients with negative tests, no fetal deaths or neonatal asphyxial depressions were observed. One patient developed intrapartum fetal distress with late decelerations 8 days after a negative test and was delivered by cesarean section. The positive test appears to correlate meaningfully with other clinical parameters reflecting intrauterine compromise.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asphyxia; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxytocin; Placenta Diseases; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Syndrome; Uterus

Topics: Aprotinin; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Cesarean Section; Cyanosis; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid; Female; Fibrinogen; Humans; Hypotension; Infusions, Parenteral; Oxytocin; Plasminogen; Polyhydramnios; Posture; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Shock; Syndrome; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vena Cava, Inferior

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Brain Edema; Drug Therapy; Humans; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Oxytocin; Physiology; Syndrome; Vasopressins