oxytocin and Metabolic-Syndrome

The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, schizophrenia may be a multisystem disorder in which one organ system is predominantly affected and where other organ systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence of the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, such as an association with cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous system regulation, desynchrony in the resting-state default mode network, and shared genetic liability, suggest that metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are connected via common pathways that are central to schizophrenia pathogenesis, which may be underpinned by oxytocin system dysfunction. Oxytocin, a hormone that involves in the mechanisms of food intake and metabolic homeostasis, may partly explain this piece of the puzzle in the mechanism underlying this association. Given its prosocial and anorexigenic properties, oxytocin has been administered intranasally to investigate its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and obesity. Although the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oxytocinergic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are both complex and it is still too early to draw a conclusion upon, oxytocinergic dysfunction may yield a new mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment.

Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxytocin; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

There is growing interest in using intranasal oxytocin (OT) to treat social dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (i.e., psychotic disorders). While OT treatment results have been mixed, emerging evidence suggests that OT system dysfunction may also play a role in the etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which appears in one-third of individuals with psychotic disorders and associated with increased mortality. Here we examine the evidence for a potential role of the OT system in the shared risk for MetS and psychotic disorders, and its prospects for ameliorating MetS. Using several studies to demonstrate the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, we show that OT system dysfunction may be one common mechanism underlying MetS and psychotic disorders. Given the critical need to better understand metabolic dysregulation in these disorders, future OT trials assessing behavioural and cognitive outcomes should additionally include metabolic risk factor parameters.

Topics: Animals; Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxytocin; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome

In recent years, multiple hormones have been investigated in relation to female sexual function. Because consumers can easily purchase products claiming to contain these hormones, a clear statement regarding the current state of knowledge is required.. To review the contribution of hormones, other than estrogens and androgens, to female sexual functioning and the evidence that specific endocrinopathies in women are associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to update the previously published International Society of Sexual Medicine Consensus on this topic.. The literature was searched using several online databases with an emphasis on studies examining the physiologic role of oxytocin, prolactin, and progesterone in female sexual function and any potential therapeutic effect of these hormones. The association between common endocrine disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, pituitary disorders, and obesity, and FSD also was examined.. Quality of data published in the literature and recommendations were based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Education system.. There is no evidence to support the use of oxytocin or progesterone for FSD. Treating hyperprolactinemia might lessen FSD. Polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, and metabolic syndrome could be associated with FSD, but data are limited. There is a strong association between diabetes mellitus and FSD.. Further research is required; in particular, high-quality, large-scale studies of women with common endocrinopathies are needed to determine the impact of these prevalent disorders on female sexual function.

Topics: Contraceptive Agents, Female; Dyspareunia; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prevalence; Referral and Consultation; Sexual Behavior

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in OXT levels in metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and prediabetes subjects vs. MetS subjects without glucose intolerance (non-diabetic MetS). It was also intended to determine the relationship between plasma OXT levels and inflammatory markers in those subjects.. Along with 45 lean and normoglycemic controls, a total of 190 MetS subjects (61 men, 129 women) were enrolled. Colorimetric enzymatic assays of the following components were performed: plasma OXT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), resistin, adiponectin, leptin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), thrompospondin 1 (TSP-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and glucagon.. hsCRP, PAI-1, resistin, leptin-to-adiponection-ratio (LAR), TNF-α, TSP-1, and MIF were significantly higher in both MetS groups (prediabetic and T2DM) than in MetS-only subjects. Leptin and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the MetS-T2DM group (but not in MetS-prediabetics) vs. MetS-only subjects. Conversely adiponectin, OXT, MCP-1, and IL-10 were significantly lower in both MetS groups (prediabetic and T2DM) than in MetS-only subjects. There was no marked discrepancy in either glucagon or IL-6 levels among the three MetS groups. In the entire MetS study population, OXT correlated substantially and proportionally with MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-6; it correlated negatively with HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), PAI-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, TSP-1, resistin, adiponectin, leptin, LAR, and MIF. No association could be observed between OXT and glucagon.. OXT may be a substantial surrogate predictive/prognostic tool and putative pharmacotherapeutic target in metabolic anomalies and related disorders.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Oxytocin; Prediabetic State

Irisin and oxytocin can affect energy homeostasis and it has been suggested that they may play an important role in reducing obesity and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic parameters (including irisin and oxytocin levels) and anthropometric parameters in obese children.. Ninety obese children (mean age, 13.85±1.63 years) and 30 healthy controls (mean age, 14.32±1.58 years) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters (glucose, insulin, lipid, oxytocin, and irisin levels) were analyzed. The serum irisin and oxytocin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioelectrical impedance was used to determine body composition.. Irisin level was higher in the patients than in the controls (p=0.018), and this higher irisin level was correlated with increased systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, fat percentage, fat mass, glucose level, insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Serum oxytocin level was significantly decreased in obese children compared to the controls (p=0.049). Also, among the 60 obese patients, oxytocin level was significantly lower in patients with than in those without metabolic syndrome (8.65±2.69 vs. 10.87±5.93 ng/L, respectively), while irisin levels were comparable (p=0.049 and p=0.104, respectively). There were no statistically significant relationships between oxytocin or irisin levels and lipid levels (p>0.05).. Obese children had significantly higher irisin levels than the healthy controls. Additionally, this study shows for the first time that oxytocin level is significantly lower in obese compared with non-obese children and also lower in obese children with metabolic syndrome compared to those without.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Fibronectins; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Oxytocin; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; ROC Curve

The neurohypophysial hormone, oxytocin, is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose tissue-specific serum protein that inversely associates with metabolic syndrome (MetS). High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW APN) is considered the active form. In the present study, we aimed to determine the relationships of oxytocin and HMW APN to MetS and investigate whether or not the combination of oxytocin and HMW APN is associated with further metabolic abnormalities compared to each of them alone. A total of 170 subjects (75 with MetS and 95 non-MetS) were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood lipids, hs-CRP, oxytocin and HMW APN levels were measured. Compared with non-MetS subjects, serum oxytocin and HMW APN levels were significantly lower in subjects with MetS (P<0.01). We then classified the subjects into three groups: high oxytocin and high HMW APN levels (high score group), low oxytocin and low HMW APN levels (low score group) and others. Participants in low score group showed the worst metabolic profiles and were more likely to have MetS compared to the other two group. In Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the classification by the combination of oxytocin and HMW APN was significantly correlated with a larger number of metabolic risk factors compared with classification by each of them alone. Individuals with low circulating oxytocin levels coupled with low HMW APN levels were at significantly increased risk of MetS. The combination of both markers would be useful for identifying MetS high risk patients.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Oxytocin; Risk Factors

Oxytocin regulates food intake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and urinary sodium excretion. We assessed the association between serum oxytocin levels and presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older men.. Cross-sectional study was performed in 540 volunteer men aged 50-85yrs from the MINOS cohort. Oxytocin was measured in fasting serum by radioimmunoassay (Oxytocin RIA, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals). MetS was diagnosed using the harmonized definition.. Serum oxytocin was higher in 166 men with MetS vs. controls (p<0.005). After adjustment for confounders including leptin, higher oxytocin was associated with higher odds of MetS (OR=1.38 per SD, 95%CI: 1.10-1.71, p<0.005). Men with serum oxytocin >0.74pg/mL (median) had higher odds of MetS vs. men with oxytocin ⩽0.74pg/mL (OR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.33-3.18, p<0.005). Higher oxytocin levels and low testosterone levels (total or free) were significantly associated with higher odds of MetS jointly and independently of each other. Men having oxytocin >0.74pg/mL and total testosterone <300ng/dL (<10.4nmol/L) had higher odds of MetS vs. men without these characteristics (OR=3.95, 95%CI: 1.65-9.46, p<0.005). Men having 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels <30ng/mL and oxytocin >0.74pg/mL had higher odds of MetS vs. men without these characteristics (OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.47-5.58, p<0.01). Men having oxytocin >0.74pg/mL and osteocalcin levels <14.6ng/mL (lowest quartile) had higher odds of MetS vs. men without these characteristics (OR=4.12, 95%CI: 2.07-8.20, p<0.001).. In older men, higher serum oxytocin levels are associated with higher odds of MetS regardless of potential confounders.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Oxytocin; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires

Exact cause of the metabolic syndrome [MS], a global epidemic, is still unclear. Man has same fundamental needs to live as animals but modern man's life-style compels him to acquire certainty of resources for all his needs in a complex social network. Today money has become the sole life essential need. Contrarily none of the animals needs to earn money. Brain is also an organ of the human body with a unique thought process to define logical actions to achieve a person's goals. This way life is a flow of desires followed by logical actions. The person struggles to attain desired goals via the allostatic load but a perceived insurmountable threat can make his flow of life stalled to freeze him. Published data from varied branches of medical science indicates role of hormones in overall homeostasis. Particularly multifaceted role of serotonin is well documented. Adrenalin being the primary mediator of Cori cycle is also well known. From the integration of observations from published data with reference to common human's modern lifestyle, it is hypothesized that a perceived trapped situation in life creates acute chaos of thoughts in brain, which results in acute excess of stress hormones and concurrent depletion of resting hormones, which in turn triggers MS. In global terms, MS indicates an acute imbalance of a few hormones and implies psychosomatic roots of the disorder. This may pave a better way in deciding a personalized holistic protocol with combination of counter regulatory psychoactive medications.

Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Allostasis; Animals; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholecystokinin; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Exercise; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Hypertension; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Microbiota; Models, Theoretical; Motivation; Obesity; Oxytocin; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Risk Factors; Serotonin