oxytocin and Kidney-Failure--Chronic

Levels of immunoreactive (IR) oxytocin (OT)-associated or estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN) and vasopressin-associated or nicotine-stimulated neurophysin (NSN) were measured in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis (HD) and intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ESN-IR in 17 patients before HD was 24.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and increased after HD to 33.2 +/- 4.1 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). ESN-IR in 17 patients with CAPD was 15.2 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, significantly lower than in patients undergoing HD, P less than 0.001. In patients receiving IPD (n = 6), ESN was 11.6 +/- 3.7 ng/ml and did not change significantly after IPD. Levels of ESN in patients with renal failure were increased compared with levels in normal individuals, 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml. Levels of ESN were not correlated with laboratory parameters that may be abnormal in renal failure. NSN levels in 16 of 17 patients undergoing HD were 3.2 +/- 0.34 ng/ml and in 14 of 17 patients with CAPD were 2.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, respectively. ESN before HD (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01), after HD (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001), and in patients with CAPD (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001) and IPD (r = 0.81, P less than 0.05) correlated significantly with an OT-like peptide previously found to be increased in renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Estrogens; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Neurophysins; Nicotine; Oxytocin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Renal Dialysis; Vasopressins

Levels of a novel oxytocin (OT)- and arginine vasotocin (AVT)-like peptide detected by one antiserum to OT (Pitt Ab-1) and one antiserum to AVT (Tor AVT) were recently found to rise in human plasma in response to administration of estrogen. The novel peptide rose in parallel with the estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN). The mean level (+/- SEM) of ESN in plasma of 11 individuals with altered renal function (nondialyzed) was significantly higher than the level in individuals with normal renal function (4.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.04 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). In patients treated with hemo- or peritoneal dialysis, mean (+/- SEM) levels of ESN were 18.1 +/- 3.2 and 16.8 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, respectively. Levels of estradiol and estrone were not elevated and did not correlate with high levels of ESN. Levels of OT Pitt Ab-1, AVT, and ESN immunoreactivity were measured in plasma form nine patients undergoing hemodialysis and eight patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Mean (+/- SEM) levels of all three peptides were elevated (12.9 +/- 1.5 microU/ml, 32.1 +/- 6.7 pg/ml, and 13.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). ESN was significantly correlated with OT Pitt Ab-1 and AVT (R2 = 0.80; P less than 0.001). Plasma samples from the same patients were pooled, treated, and separated by reverse phase HPLC. The plasma contained a peak of immunoreactivity detected by Pitt Ab-1 and Tor AVT Ab. The position of the material was distinct from that of synthetic OT, AVT, or AVP and corresponded to the position of the novel OT-like peptide found in plasma of individuals given estrogen. The findings support parallel secretion of the OT-like peptide with ESN and represent the first disease state characterized by high levels of this OT- and AVT-like peptide.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Peptides; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Vasotocin

In 13 patients suffering from renal dysfunction and treated by chronic haemodialysis, the mnemic functions appeared within the limits of normality and there was no positive correlation between blood levels of neurophysines and free cortisol. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between levels of neurophysine I and items 3 and 5 of the memory test PRM. This negative result indicates that in haemodialyzed patients a discrepancy may exist between blood levels of neurophysines and vasopressin release, or that there is no direct relationship between plasma and CSF concentrations of such hormones.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Psychological Tests; Renal Dialysis; Vasopressins