oxytocin and Jaundice--Neonatal

An increased incidence of neonatal jaundice has been observed in babies born to mothers who were treated with different drugs before or during delivery. In this review literature data on such drugs are collected which are under suspicion to produce increased levels of bilirubin in the newborn infant. Despite numerous attempts to show significant effects of these drugs on neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia most of them give contradictory results. Nevertheless, agents that stimulate uterine motility (oxytocin) as well as drugs that inhibit uterine motility (ritodrine) may have an icterogenic effect. Possible mechanisms of their actions are described. Thus, even if there is some association between drugs given prenatally and jaundice developing postnatally, no practical consequences arise except in such cases where additional risk factors may increase the danger of bilirubin encephalopathies in jaundiced infants.

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bilirubin; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Amenorrhea; Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Colitis; Diet; Female; Humans; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Lactation; Mastitis; Milk, Human; Nutritive Value; Obesity; Oxytocin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prolactin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Amnion; Cervix Uteri; Dinoprostone; Female; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Parenteral; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Risk

Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Distress; Fetal Viability; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infections; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Mother-Child Relations; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetrical Forceps; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; United Kingdom

Topics: Agar; Animals; Bilirubin; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Male; Milk, Human; Oxytocin; Phenobarbital; Photochemistry; Phototherapy

Topics: Blood Coagulation Disorders; Cervix Uteri; Dilatation; Electricity; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Regional Blood Flow; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Urination; Uterus; Water Intoxication

To investigate the relationship of neonatal bilirubin levels to oxytocin infusion and the diluent used for oxytocin infusion.. The study was carried out as a prospective, randomized study in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between January to December in 1995. A total of 80 patients managed with oxytocin during labor, enrolled to the study. These patients randomly divided into isotonic % 0.9 saline (Group 1) and 5% glucose solutions (Group 2) by a consecutive order using a balanced block randomization scheme. Forty multiparous patients delivering without oxytocin infusion formed the control group (Group 3). The details of maternal age, gestational age, labor duration, mode of delivery, birth weight of the babies, total volume of fluid administered until delivery and total oxytocin dose were noted in each case. Sodium and initial bilirubin levels were measured in the cord blood. Later on, capillary blood bilirubin and hematocrit concentrations were measured on day 1 and 2 in the newborn nursery. The groups were compared according to these parameters.. The data of 29 patients in Group 1, 36 patients in Group 2 and 40 patients in Group 3 were suitable for analysis. The difference between study and control groups regarding the rate of hyponatremia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal jaundice was not statistically significant. Cord plasma sodium levels, cord plasma bilirubin levels and day 1 and 2 hematocrit and plasma bilirubin levels were not statistically different between the groups. irrespective of the diluent used, the cord plasma bilirubin levels and day 2 plasma bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the accelerated group.. No significant effect of oxytocin infusion was revealed on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia unless oxytocin was for the augmentation of labor.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Fetal Blood; Hematocrit; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sodium

To ascertain the effect of isotonic saline and glucose infusions of oxytocin on neonatal bilirubin levels.. Eighty-two parturient Nigerian women requiring oxytocin infusion in labor were randomized into two groups receiving 0.9% saline or 5% glucose, respectively. A group of 82 women not requiring oxytocin were recruited for comparison. All had sodium and bilirubin estimations in cord plasma and neonatal bilirubin assay on Day 3.. Analysis of variance revealed higher mean cord and neonatal bilirubin levels in the glucose group compared with the other two (P < 0.05). Significant inverse correlation was observed between cord plasma sodium and neonatal bilirubin levels in all groups. Hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 55% of babies in the glucose group compared with 21% and 22% in the saline and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001).. The use of isotonic saline rather than 5% glucose solution as vehicle for oxytocin infusion in labor appears to be associated with lower neonatal bilirubin levels.

Topics: Adult; Bilirubin; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Isotonic Solutions; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sodium Chloride

In a prospective study of neonatal jaundice 739 infants, delivered vaginally, in the vertex presentation, and without major complications, were examined. Labour was induced or stimulated after random allocation of the mothers to one of three oxytocics (prostaglandin E2 orally, oxytocin intravenously, or demoxytocin buccally). Oxytocics were unnecessary after primary amniotomy in 91 women. A linear logistic statistical analysis showed that gestational age has a highly significant influence on the risk of jaundice (defined by maximum serum level of bilirubin greater than or equal to 205 mumol/l). An apparent influence of birthweight could be explained by the correlation between birthweight and gestational age. The influence of the three oxytocic agents was not significant, although they may have had a slight effect; however, any such effect could be a consequence of the infants of mothers given oxytocics being less mature than those whom mothers did not receive oxytocics. The duration of labour and the mother's age also had no effect on risk of jaundice. Thus, neonatal jaundice after induced and stimulated labour seems to be primarily associated with fetal maturity; the pharmacological side-effect, if any, of oxytocics is of no importance.

Topics: Birth Weight; Dinoprostone; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E

A prospective study of 447 labours and the resulting newborn failed to reveal any significant difference between the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, defined as a level of at least 205 mumol/l (12 mg/100 ml), following spontaneous labour and after labour induced or accelerated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The incidence of unexplained neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia after spontaneous labour was 4-5 per cent. There was no significant association between the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and the total dose of PGE2 used for induction. None of the babies of the six mothers who required more than 1-5 mg of PGE2 to induce labour developed hyperbilirubinaemia. No association was demonstrated between neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and birth weight or the duration of labour. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Topics: Birth Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E

In a prospective, randomised trial, 111 obstetrically normal pregnant women, who had elective induction of labour performed between 39 and 40 weeks, were compared with 117 controls who were managed expectantly until 41 weeks. Compared with the controls, the patients who had elective induction of labour had significantly less meconium staining in labour and a smaller blood-loss after delivery. The mean length of labour, the amount of pethidine used, and the Apgar scores at 1 minute were similar in the two groups. In the electively induced group, the caesarean-section rate was lower and the use of epidural analgesia more common than in the controls, but the differences were mot statistically signficant. The hour of delivery was similar in the two groups, suggesting that convenience to medical and nursing staff would not be greatly changed by elective induction of labour. There was no evidence that the hazards to mother and child were increased by elective induction, and its use might improve perinatal mortality by reducing the number of unexplained mature stillbirths.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Body Height; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delivery, Obstetric; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Fetal Death; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal Age; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Time Factors

The frequency of "significant" jaundice of the newborn at this hospital increased from 8-1% of all live births in 1971 to 12-1% in 1972 and 15-4% in 1973. This coincided with an increased use of oxytocic agents and epidural anaesthetics in labour, and a change in the artificial feed given to normal infants. A retrospective study of jaundiced infants born in 1972 failed to explain the increase in jaundice. Though the use of oxytocic agents was not the direct cause, since their use results in the delivery of more infants before 40 weeks of gestation it may be a contributory factor. The use of epidural anaesthetics was sastically related to the development of jaundice but the nature of the association was not clear. Mothers of infants who became jaundiced has a significantly higher frequency of poor past obstetric histories, but once again the association was not clear. The change in artificial feeds was excluded as a possible cause.

Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Nursing Care; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies

4 groups of 30 primigravidas and their infants were studied prospectively. No patient with rhesus incompatibility was included in the study. The 4 groups went into labor in the following ways: 1) induced by intravenous oxytocin; 2) induced by intravenous prostagladin (PG)E2; 3) induced by extraamniotic PGE2; and 4) spontaneous labor. Mean infant bilirubin levels on day 5 were significantly higher (p.005 and p.025 respectively) for the 1st 2 groups than for the spontaneous group. Levels for the group whose labor was induced with extraamniotic PGE2 infusion were not significantly different from those in the 1st 2 groups or the spontaneous group. The mean serum-bilirubin level was significantly lower (p.025) after caesarean section than after assisted vaginal delivery. Serum-bilirubin levels were not affected by previous maternal use of oral contraceptives, maternal smoking, or methods of infant feeding. Serum bilirubin levels below 10 mg/100 ml. are considered within the normal phsyiological limits during the neonatal period. Measured by this criteria, 14, 10, 9, and 6 babies in groups 1-4 respectively had abnormally high levels. The difference between groups 1 and 4 was significant at the p.05 level. Mean Apgar scores were significantly lower for the babies whose mothers had induced delivery with extraamniotic PGE2 infusion. These results suggest that the observed hyperbilirubinemia may be due to interruption of pregnancy rather than to any direct drug effect. There is no evidence to suggest that such high bilirubin levels are harmful to the child in the long run.

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins E

Newborns hyperbilirubinemia is an interesting, complicated and controversial clinical problem. An elevated concentration of it can be connected with increased risk of jaundice. Also, maternal bilirubin can play a part in the development of jaundice in mature newborns.. The research included a group of 173 healthy, full-term newborns in generally good condition, with body mass between 5 and 95 percentile. Infants were born in 2002 at 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical University in Warsaw. The maternal blood was collected during labour and the umbilical blood was collected immediately after delivery.. The mean value of maternal bilirubin was 0.62 mg/dl, and of total bilirubin in the umbilical blood was 1.61 mg/dl.. The differences between respective values in children delivered by caesarean section, whose mothers suffered from the infection during pregnancy or narcotic analgetic drugs that had been administered during labour were not statistically significant. Maternal bilirubin was higher in mothers with proteins < 6.0 g/dl. The umbilical bilirubin was statistically increased in children whose mothers oxytocin received.

Topics: Adult; Bilirubin; Female; Fetal Blood; Health Status; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocin; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Risk Factors

This study was carried out to investigate the steroid prevention on the occurrence and the severity of red blood cell destruction by the effect of oxytocin usage for labor induction. Venous cord blood was collected from the pregnancies who had oxytocin-induced or augmented labors (20), oxytocin-infused deliveries with steroid use (20), deliveries without oxytocin use (20) and cesarean sections (20). Evaluation of the data showed significant increase in serum bilirubin level, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, erythrocyte fragility and reticulocyte count (p < 0.0083), and a significant decrease in hemoglobulin concentration, packed red cell volume fraction (p < 0.01) in groups with labor induction or augmentation with oxytocin in comparison to deliveries with oxytocin plus steroid use and the two other methods of delivery. Moreover, with regard to the above data, no significant difference was observed between the deliveries other than oxytocin-only use. Mean corpuscular volume in the oxytocin group was apparently (not significant) higher than the steroid group. The results of this study suggest that the use of 16 mg dexamethasone 21-phosphate at the beginning of the induction or augmentation of labor with oxytocin, followed by an additional 4-mg dose 4 h later intravenously, is advantageous for the prevention of erythrocyte destruction.

Topics: Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Dexamethasone; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Gestational Age; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Labor, Induced; Osmotic Fragility; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Reticulocyte Count

Authors conducted analysis of effect of method used (which consisted of use of oxytocin, vit B, oestradiol) for labour induction on frequency of occurrence and severity of neonatal jaundice on 3rd day of neonatal life. Analysed material consisted of 1154 deliveries between the years 1990 to 1992 in IInd Department of Obstetrics AM Wrocław. Only completely physiological pregnancies qualified for analysis. The above mentioned sum of analysed deliveries was divided into 2 groups. Ist group consisted of 801 normal deliveries without any oxytocin use 2nd group consisted of 353 normal deliveries during which i.v. oxytocin drip was used either for induction of labour or to intensify uterine contraction during labour. Evaluation of the above data do not show significant increase in cases with hyperbilirubinemia in group with labour induction (7%) in comparison with deliveries without oxytocin use (5%). Moreover eliminating from the analysis cases of jaundice with normal bilirubin level (12 mg%), I degree jaundice, the actual count of cases of hyperbilirubinemia in group without oxytocin use in 26 (3.24%) and in group with oxytocin use is 13 (3.67%) cases (Tab. IV) which is not a significant difference and does not permit us to conclude that oxytocin use for labour induction is responsible for increased frequency of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Topics: Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Poland; Pregnancy

Analytical method for multiple exposure level data of matching (1:1) case-control study was employed in the study on the relationship between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and usage of oxytocin (during) in labour. The result showed that there was significant association between them (chi 2 = 15.538, df = 3, P = 0.0014). The odds ratios for various exposure level were 1-5.9 (u): OR = 1.085; 6-8.9 (u): OR = 5.5; 9 + (u): OR = 3.687 and the log linear trend among them was significant (chi 2 = 11.991, df = 1, P = 0.0005).

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mathematics; Odds Ratio; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sampling Studies

The Authors have correlated neonatal jaundice with the administration of oxytocin and prifinium bromide to the mother either alone or in association during labour. The percentage of neonatal jaundice in women treated with ritodrine hydrochloride during the second and third trimester of pregnancy was also calculated. A total of 1.101 deliveries were taken into consideration between January 1984 and June 1986. Thirty-three patients were treated with oxytocin alone; 444 patients with oxytocin and prifinium bromide; 81 patients with ritodrine hydrochloride during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and 192 patients were untreated. This study indicates that all drugs may contribute to producing neonatal jaundice, as shown in the graphs, and drugs during labour should be used with extreme caution and be limited in quantity and period.

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pyrrolidines; Ritodrine

Topics: Adult; Bilirubin; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Intravenous; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Dexamethasone; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Tocolytic Agents

Topics: Apgar Score; Bilirubin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Intravenous; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Meperidine; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sex Factors

To determine the effects of fluid restriction in induced labour with oxytocin in 5% dextrose solution, maternal venous blood and fetal cord venous blood were examined in 164 mothers in induced labour and 29 mothers with a spontaneous onset of labour. After satisfactory uterine activity was induced either the oxytocin infusion was managed according to routine delivery unit practice (n = 36), or infusion rates were halved (n = 45), or quartered (n = 43), or discontinued (n = 40). Despite fluid restriction during labour the mean sodium concentration in maternal blood or cord blood had fallen to a similar extent in all four induced groups at delivery. Potassium, urea, creatinine, total protein, and albumin in maternal blood or cord blood were affected differently by induced labour as compared with sodium. The fall in sodium concentration in maternal blood was a more consistent reflection of the total volume of fluid received, mean infusion rates and cord blood sodium after infusion rates were quartered or discontinued. The incidence of hyponatraemia was 5% in mothers and 8% in infants. A comparison of hyponatraemic and normonatraemic cord blood showed no significant differences in serum bilirubin levels or red cell counts, but more hyponatraemic infants developed neonatal jaundice. It is suggested that in induced labour fluid restriction alone does not prevent hyponatraemia and neonatal jaundice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fetal Blood; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

A total of 821 patients, 39-40 weeks pregnant, was obstetrically normal at admission. In 212 of them intra-uterine pressure (IUP) was monitored before and during inducing labor by oxytocin, in 212 patients delivery was also induced by oxytocin but not monitored, in 197 by combining oxytocin and amniotomy, and 200 had spontaneous delivery. Inducibility could be predicted by uterine baseline activity and a 50 mu i.v. shot of oxytocin, together with determination of cervical status and placental location. The duration of labour induction was affected by parity, placental location and cervical status, but was predicted only to a minor degree by baseline activity and uterine oxytocin sensitivity. Amniotomy did not affect caesarean, section rate. The newborn child benefited from IUP monitoring: fewer transfers to pediatrics were necessary, there was less neonatal jaundice and fewer blood exchanges. It is assumed that if labor is not monitored through IUP, oxytocin may cause neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia through episodes of increased uterine resting pressure.

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pressure; Time Factors; Uterus

Topics: Female; Fetal Blood; Glucose; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Cord serum sodium levels in three groups of 278 singleton infants, born vaginally at term, were correlated with the incidence of jaundice (serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 85 mumol/1) in the first 3 days of life. Of the 278 infants, 87 were born to mothers who were given infusions of 5% or 10% glucose in water during labour (group I), 90 were born to mothers who received glucose solution as a vehicle for oxytocin (group II), and 101 to mothers who did not receive any intravenous fluid therapy (control group). Jaundice was seen significantly more frequently in groups I (28/87, 32%) and II infants (30/90, 33%) than in the control group (12/101, 12%) (P less than 0.01), but when analysed in relation to cord serum sodium levels, the prevalence of jaundice in the normonatraemic infants (serum sodium greater than or equal to 131 mmol/1) was similar in the three groups. On the other hand, in groups I and II jaundice occurred about 3.5 times more frequently in the hyponatraemic infants [group I (17/32, 53%) and II (20/39, 51%)] than in the normonatraemic infants (P less than 0.01). The difference was not associated with any other perinatal or neonatal characteristic.

Topics: Adult; Female; Fetal Blood; Fluid Therapy; Glucose; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk; Sodium

We studied the effect of oxytocin induction or augmentation of labor on rates of bilirubin production in newborns at three different institutions. Bilirubin production, assessed quantitatively by the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide or qualitatively by the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration, was not elevated when compared with appropriately matched control groups. Previous studies have implicated administration of large volumes of electrolyte-free dextrose solutions together with oxytocin as an important factor contributing to hemolysis in the infant. The mothers in our studies received minimal amounts of free water. We conclude that oxytocin induction or augmentation of labor does not result in neonatal hemolysis and subsequent hyperbilirubinemia when it is administered without large volumes of sodium-free intravenous solutions.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Apgar Score; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Oxytocin

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Anesthetics; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Parasympatholytics; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Oxytocin; Sex Factors

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sex Factors

Topics: Agar; Bibliographies as Topic; Bilirubin; Brain; Enzyme Induction; Estrogens; Glucuronosyltransferase; History, 15th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Absorption; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Lipid Metabolism; Meconium; Microsomes, Liver; Milk, Human; Oxytocin; Phototherapy; Progesterone; Serum Albumin; Solubility

206 pregnant women (36th to 42nd week of gestation) with low cervix scores were treated with an aqueous solution of PGE2 and NaCl applied peri-cervically by means of a portio adapter. In 169 cases (82%) labor was induced. In 29 patients (14.1%) the cervix was sufficiently ripened in order to allow successful induction by amniotomy. 11 patients (6.5%) were delivered by caesarean section, 7 (4.1%) by low forceps, all others delivered spontaneously. Time of delivery was short; no side effects were observed. Apgar scores and serum bilirubin levels of 30 neonates showed no differences to the control group consisting of 30 babies born after spontaneous onset of labor. In a second control group with labor induction by means of intravenous oxytocin infusion more than twice as many icteric neonates were found.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Cervix Uteri; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prostaglandins E

Jaundice appearing in the first 24 hours of life, usually called early jaundice, is regarded as pathologic. On the opposite, one of the defining criteria of physiologic jaundice is its' occurrence after the first day of postnatal life. Authors, starting from repeated clinical observations of early jaundice of unknown etiology in preterm newborns, bring about a retrospective study of 1,527 clinical records in order to identify the cases of early jaundice of unknown origin. After known early jaundice-producing causes were excluded, 11 "unknown origin" cases were left. On comparing them with 11 other cases of similar characteristics (gestational age, weight at birth, year and season) who had presented physiologic jaundice, it turned out that the evolution of jaundice was comparable in both groups, except for age of appearance. Early jaundice group bilirubinemia was X = 7.4 (SD +/- 1.59 mg./dl. at 14 (+/- 6.6) hours of age, and physiologic jaundice group bilirubinemia was X = 9.8 (SD +/- 2.25) mg./dl. at 53 (+/- 21.3) hours at age. Since according to selection criteria both groups were made up by healthy preterm newborns, without any perinatal pathology, a study of the drugs administered to the mothers within 24 hours prior to birth was performed: not any reason for early appearance of jaundice was found. Authors' hypothesis support that the chronological criteria used to define physiologic jaundice in full-term newborns cannot always be applied to preterm newborns.

Topics: Age Factors; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Meperidine; Oxytocin; Promethazine

A prospective study was conducted in a level II maternity unit to investigate the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy, term, breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Serum bilirubin levels were determined for 176 breast-red and 164 formula-fed infants in cord blood and on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 after birth. The mean total bilirubin levels were significantly higher on each postnatal day in the breast-fed infants, as was the proportion of infants with peak levels above 12 mg/dl (205 mumol/l; 28% v. 6%). The breast-fed infants also had significantly higher proportional weight losses on each postnatal day than the formula-fed infants. However, there was no correlation between the cumulative weight loss on day 3 and bilirubin levels on the same day with either feeding regimen. None of the infants required an exchange transfusion or prolonged care in hospital for hyperbilirubinemia.

Topics: Bilirubin; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

A prospective study of 1977 babies, delivered in two district hospitals in the Northern Tablelands area of New South Wales, revealed a highly significant relationship between neonatal jaundice and birth weight in all cases of neonatal jaundice (P = 0.0001). The use of oxytocin was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of jaundice (all cases, P = 0.003; severely jaundiced babies, P = 0.05). This effect was related to the total dose of oxytocin used (P = 0.003 for all cases; P = 0.056 for severely jaundiced babies), but not to its rate of administration. No significant difference was apparent whether oxytocin was administered to initiate or to accelerate labour. The suggestion that oxytocin use is associated with delivery of immature babies is refuted. The use of analgesic agents during labour was not associated with an increased incidence of neonatal jaundice.

Topics: Analgesics; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Various fetal scalp lesions are related to the use of the vacuum extractor. Blood sequestered in these lesions could result in an increased bilirubin load on the functionally limited neonatal liver, leading to the development of hyperbilirubinemia. In the present study bilirubin levels of vacuum extracted neonates were compared with those of non-instrumentally delivered babies during the first 72 hours of life. Sixty-nine vacuum extracted neonates had higher bilirubin levels than 56 non-instrumentally delivered babies at 24 (114 mumol/l vs. 96 mumol/l), 48 (163 vs. 141) and 72 (194 vs. 144) hours of age. The p values were 0.05, less than 0.025 and less than 0.001 respectively. This trend was apparent in both oxytocin induced and non-induced deliveries and whether or not phototherapy cases were included in the analysis. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy was higher after vacuum extraction than after non instrumental delivery (27.5% vs. 12.5%; p less than 0.04). Analysis of our results unexpectedly indicated that oxytocin induction was generally associated with an attenuation of bilirubin levels after both vacuum extraction and spontaneous delivery. The clinician attending newborn babies should be aware of the higher incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with vacuum extraction.

Topics: Bilirubin; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Phototherapy; Pregnancy; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Hypoxia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Risk

The aim of this progressive study is to clarify whether the pain-in-labour drugs Oxytocin and Prostaglandin E2 do have an influence on postpartum serumbilirubin concentrations of the neonates. Two groups of neonates in which labour was induced with Oxytocin or Prostaglandin E2 were compared with a control group without pain-in-labour stimulants. The three groups were comparable in respect of obstetrical anamnesis and risk factors. The serumbilirubin concentration of the neonates was controlled at very frequent intervals during the first 72 hours. In the three groups, no difference could be found in the serumbilirubin values during the 72 hours' duration of the study.

Topics: Apgar Score; Bilirubin; Blood Gas Analysis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins E; Time Factors

Topics: Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Umbilical Arteries

Topics: Aged; Delivery, Obstetric; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

A prospective study in 180 mothers and babies examined the effects of oxytocin in induced labour on plasma bilirubin levels in cord blood, as well as on the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Raised plasma bilirubin levels in cord blood, probably enhanced by breakdown of fetal red cells, appeared to be a dose dependent effect of oxytocin. Commensurate with this was the finding that a larger proportion of babies in the induced group manifested a greater severity of jaundice.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Plasma bilirubin was estimated on 690 term infants on about the 6th day of life. Perinatal factors were recorded and the results analysed. Hyperbilirubinaemia was defined as a level greater than 205 micromol/1 (12 mg/100 ml) and this was present in 20% of cases. Three factors--epidural analgesia, breast feeding, and poor weight recovery--showed highly significant associations with jaundice. The relative importance of these is discussed and compared with recent reports. Induction of labour, for reasons other than postmaturity, and a gestational age less than 39 weeks showed a slightly increased incidence of jaundice. There was no correlation with other factors tested including oxytocic drug administration. Despite the high incidence (20%) of hyperbilirubinaemia, only 2.5% infants needed treatment and none required exchange transfusion. Radical changes in obstetric management or infant feeding are not indicated.

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

100 term (gestation at least 37 weeks), vertex presenting, vaginally delivered, and fetomaternal blood-group-compatible neonates were studied to evaluate the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia induced by oxytocin. 50 infants were born after oxytocin infusion for augmentation of labour and the other 50 were delivered spontaneously. The babies born after oxytocin induction of labour attained significantly higher serum bilirubin levels at age 72 +/- 12 hours than the controls. Infants born after oxytocin showed significant hyponatraemia, hypo-osmolality, and enhanced osmotic fragility of erythrocytes at birth. These biochemical and physiological alterations can be explained by the antidiuretic effects of oxytocin and concomitant administration of large quantities of electrolyte-free dextrose solutions used to administer it. Our observations suggest that cord serum sodium and/or osmolality should be estimated and infants with serum sodium less than 125 mmol/l and/or osmolality less than 260 mmol/kg should be considered for prophylactic administration of phenobarbitone.

Topics: Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Fragility; Oxytocin

To determine the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia after oxytocin-induced labour venous cord blood from 95 healthy newborn infants was examined. Of these, 15 were delivered by elective caesarean section, 40 after spontaneous labour, and 40 after oxytocin-induced labour. There was no significant difference in any haematological or biochemical variable between the first two groups. Infants born after oxytocin-induced labour, however, showed clear evidence of increased haemolysis associated with significantly decreased erythrocyte deformability (P less than 0.001). In-vitro studies showed a time- and dose-related reduction in erythrocyte deformability in response to oxytocin. The findings suggest that the vasopressin-like action of oxytocin causes osmotic swelling of erythrocytes leading to decreased deformability and hence more rapid destruction with resultant hyperbilirubinaemia in the neonate.

Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Time Factors

Authors have studied in four groups of newborns the possible relationship between administration of oxitocyn to the mother during labor or during the pregnancy and appearance of neonatal jaundice, alterations of hematocrit and Na+ levels in the immediate hours post-partum. In the present study, with dosages of oxitocyn administered during true labor which never exceded 1,200 mUI, no significant differences appeared between levels of bilirubin present in newborns and those whose mothers did not receive this type of treatment (p greater than 0.05). Sodium levels in the first day of life did show significant difference when comparing control and problem series respectively (p less than 0.01).

Topics: Bilirubin; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Drug Combinations; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; England; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Serum bilirubin levels at 5th day of life was compared between 100 mature newborns with oxytocin infusion to the mother during labour and 100 mature newborns without oxytocin. Newborns, whose mothers received more than 5 IU oxytocin had significant higher bilirubin values than the controll group without oxytocin and the cases with oxytocin administration under 5 U. Hyperbilirubinaemie was also present in babies after vacuum extraction and oxytocin infusion.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Parenteral; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical

A retrospective study of 12 461 single births confirmed an association between maternal oxytocin infusion and neonatal jaundice. The effect of oxytocin on jaundice was independent of gestational age at birth, sex, race, epidural anaesthesia, method of delivery, and birth weight, each of which was significantly associated with neonatal jaundice. The effect of oxytocin was, however, small, producing a calculated mean increase in peak plasma bilirubin concentration of 8.6 mumol/1 (0.5 mg/100 ml); this excess was independent of sex and less than the effect of the baby being born one week earlier.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies

Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dihydroergotamine; Estrogens; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Male; Meperidine; Oxytocin; Parasympatholytics; Pregnancy

An investigation was made into the onset and severity of neonatal jaundice in 114 patients following spontaneous labour and labour induced by (a) amniotomy, (b) amniotomy and simultaenous infusion of oxytocin, (c) amniotomy and simultaneous administration of oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). No significant difference in serum bilirubin levels in the first five days of life was found in the four groups.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins E

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Surveys and Questionnaires

In a prospective study of 196 consecutive single births a significant increase in serum bilirubin concentrations was found in infants born after low amniotomy induction and oxytocin infusion compared with those born spontaneously. This relationship was not dose-dependent and may have been associated with artificial interruption of pregnancy rather than the oxytocin itself. Infants delivered after spontaneous labour accelerated by oxytocin showed no such increase. The hormonal surge at the spontaneous onset of labour may affect fetal enzyme induction, but other factors, such as methods of infant feeding and oral contraceptive use, were found not to be significant.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Scotland

Topics: Benzoates; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Perinatology; Sodium

Topics: Adult; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Concern about a neonatal jaundice rate of 8-6 per cent prompted a retrospective survey of 981 full term infants. There was a highly significant association between increased oxytocin dosage and neonatal jaundice in induced labours. A significant association was also demonstrated between neonatal jaundice and both breast-feeding and minor infections. No association was demonstrated between neonatal jaundice and the method of delivery of birth weight. The results of the survey suggest that while oxytocin in high doses should be used with caution, the benefits obtained from the drug outweigh the risk of hyperbilirubinaemia which it may cause.

Topics: Bilirubin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Depression, Chemical; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Liver; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Transferases

The total serum bilirubin levels at two and occasionally five days after birth were studied in 162 infants whose mothers received either intravenous oxytocin or oral Prostaglandin te2 during labour, and the results were compared with those obtained in forty-two control patients. Following labour of spontaneous onset, whether the mother received intravenous oxytocin or oral Prostaglandin E2, neonatal total serum bilirubin levels were not different from those in controls. After induction by amniotomy and an active agent, higher mean total serum bilirubin levels were found in infants whose mothers received intravenous oxytocin than in those given oral prostaglandin E2; a significant rise in the total serum bilirubin level appeared to occur when mothers received a total of more than 12,000 milliunits of oxytocin or more than 4,000 milliunits per kg birthweight of the infant.

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins E

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

A prospective study of 1353 labours and the relevant newborn failed to reveal any significant difference between the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (defined as a level of 12 mg. or more per 100 ml.) following spontaneous labour, and after labour induced or accelerated by oxytocin. The incidence of unexplained neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia after spontaneous labour was 6-3 per cent. Following induced labour however there was a highly significant (P less than 0-001) association between the mean total dose of oxytocin used for induction and the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The proportion of babies who developed hyperbilirubinaemia increased in direct relation to the total dose of oxytocin used for the induction. In this series the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia increased sharply when the total dose of oxytocin exceeded 20 units as it did hyperbilirubinaemia and birthweight, or duration of spontaneous labour. When labour was induced, however, the proportion on newborn babies with hyperbilirubinaemia increased with the duration of labour. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Prospective Studies; Time Factors

A retrospective controlled study using data from the Cardiff Births Survey examined a possible relation between oxytocin administration to induce or accelerate labour and the subsequent development of neonatal jaundice. Among 10 591 infants born in Cardiff between 1970 and 1972 the incidence of neonatal jaundice was higher in infants born after oxytocin administration than among others. Analysis by gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, length of labour, sedative and analgesic therapy during labour, and suppression of lactation showed that this association held within all these categories except among small immature infants, who are at high risk of jaundice in any case.

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Estrogens; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Lactation; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Wales

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins

Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is increasing in frequency. In view of conflicting evidence about the possible causes, retrospective analyses have been carried out among babies born during six months of 1974. Preliminary analysis confirmed the over-riding importance of preterm birth (before 37 weeks), but only one of 17 such cases could be attributed to ill-judged artificial induction of labor. For the main analysis, the incidence of eight possibly relevant antecedent factors was compared in 46 cases of hyperbilirubinaemia (unconjugated bilirubin more than 15 mg per 100 ml in term babies and more than 13 mg per 100 ml in some preterm babies) and in 92 controls matched for sex and gestational age. Induction of labour by "primary" oxytocin infusion and artificial rupture of the membranes was very significantly more common in the index cases (p less than 0-01), but there was no difference in the incidence of "secondary" oxytocin, used to accelerate spontaneous labour. Evidence of uterin unresponsiveness suggests that the natural onset of labour was being anticipated by at least some days in many of the index cases and this could prevent the natural "priming" of the fetal enzyme systems. An excess of epidural analgesia in the mothers of the index cases was probably due to its association with the need for pain relief during "primary" oxytocin infusions. The higher incidence of postnatal weight loss in the index cases presumably contributed to the hyperbilirubinaemia.

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Meperidine; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prospective Studies

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Breast Feeding; Contraceptives, Oral; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Obstetrical Forceps; Oxytocin; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Probability; Time Factors

A prospective study of serum bilirubin levels on the first and sixth days of life in a series of 181 infants has failed to provide evidence to suggest that previous maternal oral contraception, maternal oxytocin infusion, epidural anaesthesia, or breast-feeding are factors influencing neonatal jaundice.

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Bilirubin; Blood; Breast Feeding; Bupivacaine; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Parenteral; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Umbilical Cord

A prospective study of 78 neonates provides evidence for an association between maternal oxytocin infusion and neonatal jaundice. On the second and fifth days infants of mothers whose labour had been induced by amniotomy followed immediately by intravenous oxytocin (group C) had mean total bilirubin levels significantly higher (P <0.05) than did infants whose mothers had had a spontaneous onset of labour and did not require oxytocin (group A). Bilirubin levels in infants of mothers whose onset of labour was spontaneous but required oxytocin to accelerate progress (group B) did not differ significantly from group A.Though these findings suggest a dose dependent effect of oxytocin, other possible explanations are suggested which take into account other drugs administered to the mother and also differences in the corticosteroid status of the groups of infants.

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Spectrophotometry

Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Umbilical Cord

Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Liver; Oxytocin; Phenobarbital; Pregnancy; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Diseases; Germany, West; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Jaundice, Neonatal; Labor, Induced; Natural Childbirth; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Lincomycin; Oxytocin; Penicillins; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline