oxytocin and Escherichia-coli-Infections

We describe the introduction of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 and Escherichia coli ST410, and OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae ST101 strains to Poland by two patients transported to the country after hospitalisation in Tunisia. The patients had gunshot wounds following the terrorist attack in the Bardo National Museum in Tunis in March 2015. Our report reinforces the need for microbiological screening of patients returning from travel on admission to healthcare institutions, especially following hospitalisation in countries where carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are endemic.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Oxytocin; Poland; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Travel; Treatment Outcome; Tunisia

The molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were determined in hospitals in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. Isolates were subjected to PCR-based detection of antibiotic-resistant genes and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assessments of clonality. Sixty-two isolates which screened positive for potential carbapenemase production were assessed, and 45 were found to produce carbapenemase. The most common carbapenemases were of the OXA-48 (35 isolates) and NDM (16 isolates) types; 6 isolates were found to coproduce the OXA-48 and NDM types. No KPC-type, VIM-type, or IMP-type producers were detected. Multiple clones were detected with seven clusters of clonally related Klebsiella pneumoniae. Awareness of CRE in GCC countries has important implications for controlling the spread of CRE in the Middle East and in hospitals accommodating patients transferred from the region.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle East; Oxytocin

Effect of oxytocin on the respiratory tract epithelium of rats infected with Escherichia coli following the prolonged emotional-painful stress, was studied using the methods of histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, light and electron microscopy. It was found, that prolonged stress caused the exertion of protective-adaptive capacities of the epithelium, while the administration of an antigen resulted in the failure of adaptational mechanisms. Oxytocin was found to participate in the formation of the response of the epithelial secretory cells to stressful influences by activating their protective functions. It stimulated and supported the protein-synthetic (CC16 protein production by Clara cells) and mucin-producing (goblet cells) functions of secretory cells, thus stabilizing the protective epithelial mechanisms under the conditions of intense functioning.

Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Male; Mucins; Oxytocin; Pain; Rats; Respiratory Mucosa; Stress, Psychological; Uteroglobin

The aim of this field study was to examine the influence of the uterotonic substance oxytocin in 2 different therapeutic dosages of 15 and 25 i.u., respectively on the uterine drainage of oestrous mares and on their fertility. In addition endometrial biopsies of mares with and without intrauterine fluid accumulations around the time of ovulation were evaluated histomorphologically regarding the aetiology of susceptibility to uterine infection. A population of 59 Hanoverian Warmblood mares was used in this study. The mares were divided into Group A (mares with intrauterine fluid accumulations [n = 49]) and Group B (controls [n = 10]). Group A was further subdivided into 3 groups according to varying oxytocin administrations (none, 15 i.u., 25 i.u.). Prior to insemination, all mares were examined by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and vaginal inspection. In addition, hormone plasma concentrations were evaluated at the time of ovulation, namely oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. Endometrial biopsies were obtained from all mares. Endometrial samples for microbiological and cytological evaluation were taken from mares of Group A only. All mares were inseminated close to ovulation during the first cycle. This study shows that intravenous oxytocin treatment of mares with intrauterine fluid accumulations results in better pregnancy rates than no treatment.

Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Endometrium; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ovulation; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Progesterone; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Uterus