oxytocin and Brain-Diseases

Oxytocin is widely used for induction and augmentation of labour, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined the effect of intra-partum Oxytocin use on neonatal encephalopathy.. The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165049). We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection databases for papers published between January 1970 and May 2021. We considered all studies involving term and near-term (≥36 weeks' gestation) primigravidae and multiparous women. We included all randomised, quasi-randomised clinical trials, retrospective studies and non-randomised prospective studies reporting intra-partum Oxytocin administration for induction and/or augmentation of labour. Our primary outcome was neonatal encephalopathy. Risk of bias was assessed in non-randomised studies using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. The RoB 2.0 tool was used for randomised studies. A Mantel-Haenszel statistical method and random effects analysis model were used for meta-analysis. Odds ratios were used to determine effect measure and reported with 95% confidence intervals.. We included data from seven studies (6 Case-control studies, 1 cluster-randomised trial) of which 3 took place in high-income countries (HICs) and 4 in LMICs. The pooled data included a total of 24,208 women giving birth at or after 36 weeks; 7642 had intra-partum Oxytocin for induction and/or augmentation of labour, and 16,566 did not receive intra-partum Oxytocin. Oxytocin use was associated with an increased prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy (Odds Ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.04; p < 0.00001).. Intra-partum Oxytocin may increase the risk of neonatal encephalopathy. Future clinical trials of uterotonics should include neonatal encephalopathy as a key outcome.

Topics: Bias; Brain Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Labor, Obstetric; Odds Ratio; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cues; Emotions; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypothalamus; Oxytocin; Rats; Recognition, Psychology; Social Behavior

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Brain Diseases; Diabetes Insipidus; Humans; Mutation; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Protein Precursors

Inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, which is caused by stress, leads to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Because lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause neuroinflammation, we investigated the effect of LPSs to CNS. In PC-12 cells, LPSs derived from oral bacteria reduced the expression of KCC2, a Cl

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cells, Cultured; Escherichia coli; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxytocin; PC12 Cells; Rats; Symporters

Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain Diseases; Delivery, Obstetric; Eclampsia; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gravidity; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nifedipine; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Paraparesis; Parietal Lobe; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Stillbirth; Time Factors; Tocolytic Agents; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome

The anteroventral region of the third ventricle (AV3V) is critical in mediating osmotic sensitivity. AV3V lesions increase plasma osmolality and block osmotic-induced vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion. The aim was to evaluate the effects of AV3V lesions on neurosecretion under control/water replete conditions and after 48 h dehydration. The focus was on central peptidergic changes with measurement of OT and VP content in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (OT) regions and the posterior pituitary. AV3V-lesioned rats exhibited an elevated plasma osmolality and higher OT content in SON and PVN. There was an increase in VP content in PVN, but no change in SON. As predicted, the plasma peptide response to dehydration was absent in lesioned animals. However, dehydration produced depletion in posterior pituitary VP in lesioned animals with no change in OT. No changes in nuclear VP and OT levels were seen after dehydration. These results demonstrate that AV3V lesions alter the VP and OT neurosecretory system, seen as a blockade of osmotic-induced release and an increase in basal nuclear peptide content. The data indicate that interruption of the osmotic sensory system affects the central neurosecretory axis, resulting in a backup in content and likely changes in synthesis and processing.

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Dehydration; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Microdissection; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Supraoptic Nucleus; Third Ventricle; Vasopressins; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Many nursing women returning to a full-time job and desiring to continue to breast feed are using oxytocin nasal sprays to facilitate breast emptying during the work day. Very few complications have been reported from its use, and the preparation has been assumed to be innocuous. However, we encountered a nursing mother whose life appears to have been jeopardized by the excessive and unmonitored application of such a spray. The patient was hospitalized for a viral illness and given a large quantity of intravenous fluid. In association with excessive self-administration of an oxytocin nasal spray, she developed severe water intoxication, with hyponatremic encephalopathy and convulsions. During the same hospitalization the patient subsequently developed a Guillain-Barré type of peripheral polyneuritis. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone has been reported to accompany the neurologic manifestations of the Guillain-Barré syndrome and may have been the cause of the convulsions. However, the temporal associations in this case strongly favor the unmonitored use of the oxytocin nasal spray as etiologic.

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Brain Diseases; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hyponatremia; Lactation; Oxytocin; Poisoning; Polyradiculoneuropathy; Pregnancy; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Water Intoxication

The hypothalamic magnocellular system of the rhesus monkey was studied with specific immunocytochemical techniques in animals that had undergone hypothalamic lesions. The results indicate that this system maintains a regenerative capacity even when its tracts are interrupted within the hypothalamus. New neurohemal units are reconstituted from newly formed vessels within the scar as well as from preexistent blood vessels, such as perforating and pial arterioles, and the vessels of the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland, which normally do not contain neurosecretory terminals.

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cicatrix; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Haplorhini; Hypothalamus; Macaca mulatta; Neurophysins; Oxytocin; Regeneration; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Humans; Meningitis; Multiple Sclerosis; Oxytocin; Rats; Sciatica; Seizures

Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Diseases; Female; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Astrocytoma; Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Glioma; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oxytocin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Brain Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Oxytocin; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Brain Diseases; Epinephrine; Median Eminence; Oxytocin; Rats; Vasopressins