oxytocin and Abortion--Spontaneous

Embryo transfer (ET) is a crucial step of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment, and involves placing the embryo(s) in the woman's uterus. There is a negative association between endometrial wave-like activity (contractile activities) at the time of ET and clinical pregnancy, but no specific treatment is currently used in clinical practice to counteract their effects. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Its main role involves generating uterine contractions during and after childbirth. Atosiban is the best known oxytocin antagonist (and is also a vasopressin antagonist), and it is commonly used to delay premature labour by halting uterine contractions. Other oxytocin antagonists include barusiban, nolasiban, epelsiban, and retosiban. Administration of oxytocin antagonists around the time of ET has been proposed as a means to reduce uterine contractions that may interfere with embryo implantation. The intervention involves administering the medication before, during, or after the ET (or a combination).. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oxytocin antagonists around the time of ET in women undergoing assisted reproduction.. We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility (CGF) Group trials register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and two trials registers in March 2021; and checked references and contacted study authors and experts in the field to identify additional studies.. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of oxytocin antagonists for women undergoing ET, compared with the non-use of this intervention, the use of placebo, or the use of another similar drug.. We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. Primary review outcomes were live birth and miscarriage; secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy and other adverse events.. We included nine studies (including one comprising three separate trials, 3733 women analysed in total) investigating the role of three different oxytocin antagonists administered intravenously (atosiban), subcutaneously (barusiban), or orally (nolasiban). We found very low- to high-certainty evidence: the main limitations were serious risk of bias due to poor reporting of study methods, and serious or very serious imprecision. Intravenous atosiban versus normal saline or no intervention We are uncertain of the effect of intravenous atosiban on live birth rate (risk ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 1.24; 1 RCT, N = 800; low-certainty evidence). In a clinic with a live birth rate of 38% per cycle, the use of intravenous atosiban would be associated with a live birth rate ranging from 33.4% to 47.1%. We are uncertain whether intravenous atosiban influences miscarriage rate (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.56; 5 RCTs, N = 1424; I² = 0%; very low-certainty evidence). In a clinic with a miscarriage rate of 7.2% per cycle, the use of intravenous atosiban would be associated with a miscarriage rate ranging from 5.4% to 11.2%. Intravenous atosiban may increase clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.89; 7 RCTs, N = 1646; I² = 69%; low-certainty evidence), and we are uncertain whether multiple or ectopic pregnancy and other complication rates were influenced by the use of intravenous atosiban (very low-certainty evidence). Subcutaneous barusiban versus placebo One study investigated barusiban, but did not report on live birth or miscarriage. We are uncertain whether subcutaneous barusiban influences clinical pregnancy rate (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.35; 1 RCT, N = 255; very low-certainty evidence). Trialists reported more mild to moderate injection site reactions with barusiban than with placebo, but there was no difference in severe reactions. They reported no serious drug reactions; and comparable neonatal outcome between groups. Oral nolasiban versus placebo Nolasiban does not increase live birth rate (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.28; 3 RCTs, N = 1832; I² = 0%; high-certainty evidence). In a clinic with a live birth rate of 33% per cycle, the use of oral nolasiban would be associated with a live birth rate ranging from 32.7% to 42.2%. We are uncertain of the effect of oral nolasiban on miscarriage rate (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.88; 3 RCTs, N = 1832; I² = 0%; low-certainty evidence). In a clinic with a miscarriage rate of 1.5% per cycle,. We are uncertain whether intravenous atosiban improves pregnancy outcomes for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. This conclusion is based on currently available data from seven RCTs, which provided very low- to low-certainty evidence across studies. We could draw no clear conclusions about subcutaneous barusiban, based on limited data from one RCT. Further large well-designed RCTs reporting on live births and adverse clinical outcomes are still required to clarify the exact role of atosiban and barusiban before ET. Oral nolasiban appears to improve clinical pregnancy rate but not live birth rate, with an uncertain effect on miscarriage and adverse events. This conclusion is based on a phased study comprising three trials that provided low- to high-certainty evidence. Further large, well-designed RCTs, reporting on live births and adverse clinical outcomes, should focus on identifying the subgroups of women who are likely to benefit from this intervention.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Embryo Transfer; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Live Birth; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate

This literature review, which describes the structure of myometrial muscle and the regulation of its contractility, cites research from 1971 to 1989. The functions of the myometrium and the cervix are interrelated and coordinated during pregnancy and labor. The structure of smooth muscle, by allowing contraction in any direction, permits the uterus to assume the shape and size necessary to accommodate the fetus. Myometrial smooth muscle cells communicate via gap junctions, which synchronize myometrial function via conduction of electrophysiological stimuli during labor. These junctions increase in number prior to labor. This is regulated by estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandins (PGs). The structures of myosin and actin and their movement during contraction are described. Estrogen, via alpha adrenergic receptors, causes a decrease in cAMP levels. It also increases the number of oxytocin receptors. Progesterone, via beta adrenergic receptors, causes an increase in cAMP levels. While estrogen leads to increased production of PGF2alpha, progesterone stimulates the production of prostacyclin synthase, Mifepristone, which blocks progesterone at the receptor level, increases uterine activity and sensitivity to PG. Human amnion and chorion produce mainly PGE2. The decidua produces PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Prostaglandins induce uterine activity at all stages of gestation when they are administered exogenously. Their production by uterine tissues increases during pregnancy, as does their concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal blood and urine. Their roles in labor, whether natural or induced, include the softening of the cervix, the induction of gap junctions, and the direct stimulation of myometrial contractions. Although PGE2 and PGF2alpha relax cervical smooth muscle, they contract the myometrium by acting as calcium ionophpores. The production of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and other eicosanoids by the fetoplacental production of PGE2, PGF2alpha, and other eicosanoids by the fetoplacental unit is related to increased contractile activity during labor. What is produced in the eiconsanoid pathway changes dynamically with the phases of the reproductive cycle and the local concentrations of enzymes. Because of the rise in arachidonic acid in amniotic fluid during labor, fetal membranes may be involved with the initiation of regular uterine contractions. In addition, any stimulus facilitating PGE2 synthesis in the fetal membrane (hypoxia, infection,

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Actins; Animals; Calcium Channels; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Myometrium; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; Myosins; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostaglandins; Uterine Contraction

The complications associated with miscarriages have surfaced as a major concern in maintaining women's physical and mental health. The present study evaluated the efficacy of three medication regimes for the complete expulsion of retained intrauterine tissues in patients who underwent a miscarriage.. In this randomized clinical trial, 90 patients participated with their gestational age below 12 weeks, each having undergone a recent miscarriage. After being screened for underlying diseases and coagulative blood disorders, they were randomly allocated into three groups. For the first group, labeled as the control group, misoprostol was administered alone. In contrast, the combination of misoprostol plus methylergometrine and misoprostol plus oxytocin was prescribed for the second and third groups, respectively. Further, the data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using Stata software version 14.. The mean age of participants and gestational age were 29.76 ± 5.53 years and 8.23 ± 2.29 weeks, respectively. There was no significant difference between the three treatment groups regarding the amount of bleeding after the abortion(P = 0.627). Regarding pain severity, the group that received Misoprostol plus Methylergometrine had less pain intensity than the other two groups(p = 0.004). The mean rate of RPOC expulsion was in the Misoprostol plus Oxytocin (9.68 ± 10.36) group, Misoprostol plus Methylergometrine (11.73 ± 12.86), and Misoprostol groups (19.07 ± 14.31)(p = 0.013). The success rate in outpatient medical abortion in the misoprostol plus oxytocin and misoprostol plus methylergonovine group was 93.33%, but in patients treated by misoprostol alone was 83.33%.. The effectiveness of the drugs in the two drug groups combined with oxytocin and methylergometrine is higher than the misoprostol group alone. An outpatient approach was deemed more satisfactory against surgical maneuvers and hospitalizations by patients since family support influenced their pain coping mechanism.. The trial was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials on 04/10/2019. ( https://fa.irct.ir/trial/34519 ; registration number: IRCT20150407021653N19).

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Female; Humans; Infant; Iran; Methylergonovine; Misoprostol; Outpatients; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Young Adult

The purpose of this double-blind prospective randomized trial was to determine whether high-dose intraumbilical vein oxytocin injection shortens the third stage of labor in midtrimester pregnancy losses.. Patients (n = 50) with spontaneous or induced midtrimester pregnancy losses (14 to 26 weeks' gestation) were randomized to receive either 100 IU of oxytocin in 20 ml of normal saline solution or 20 ml of normal saline solution alone as a placebo. The umbilical vein was injected as soon as the cord was clamped. Outcome data were collected.. Of the 50 patients randomized, 45 completed the study. Five were excluded after randomization because of either cesarean delivery (1 patient) or en caul delivery (4 patients). Twenty-one patients received oxytocin, and 14 received placebo. Ten patients who were not injected because of technical failure were evaluated separately. There were no differences between the three groups with regard to gestational age, fetal weight, length of the third stage, blood loss, or need for operative removal of the placenta.. Injection of high-dose oxytocin into the umbilical vein in second-trimester pregnancy losses does not shorten the third stage of labor or decrease the need for surgical intervention because of retained placenta.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections; Labor Stage, Third; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prospective Studies; Umbilical Veins

A randomised controlled clinical trial compared ergometrine 0.25 mg, syntocinon 10 mg and normal saline injected intravenously during evacuation of the uterus after spontaneous abortion showed no difference between any drug with respect to uterine contraction, change in blood pressure, blood loss or postoperative vomiting.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Curettage; Double-Blind Method; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Oxytocin; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Uterine Contraction; Uterine Hemorrhage; Uterus; Vomiting

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptive Agents; Depression, Chemical; Ethanol; Family Planning Services; Female; Humans; Injections; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Menstruation; Muscle Contraction; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins; Stimulation, Chemical; Uterus; Vagina

To investigate the perinatal outcome and risk factors of precipitate labor in term primipara.. A total of 6951 full-term singleton primiparas with cephalic vaginal delivery in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled, among whom 381 cases of precipitate labor were classified as the precipitate labor group and 762 cases of normal labor were randomly selected as the control group. The perinatal outcomes of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of precipitate labor were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.. The incidence of precipitate labor in full-term, singleton pregnancy and cephalic primiparas was 5.48% (381/6951). The durations of the first and second stages of labor in the precipitate labor group were significantly shorter than that in the control group (. The incidence of precipitate labor in full-term, singleton pregnancy was not low. Precipitate labor could lead to a significant increase in perineal laceration. Maternal height, history of late miscarriage, membrane rupture before labor and labor induction by transcervical balloon, labor induction by propess are risk factors, while labor induction by oxytocin and late gestational time of delivery are protective factors for precipitate labor in term primipara.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Induced; Lacerations; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors

Complete uterine rupture is a rare peripartum complication associated with a catastrophic outcome. Because of its rarity, knowledge about its risk factors is not very accurate. Most previous studies were small and over a limited time interval. Moreover, international diagnostic coding was used in most studies. These codes are not able to differentiate between the catastrophic complete type and less catastrophic partial type. Complete uterine rupture is expected to increase as the rate of cesarean delivery increases. Thus, we need more accurate knowledge about the risk factors for this complication.. The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence and risk factors for complete uterine rupture during childbirth in Norway.. This population-based study included women that gave birth after starting labor in 1967-2008. Data were from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Patient Administration System, complemented with information from medical records. We included 1,317,967 women without previous cesarean delivery and 57,859 with previous cesarean delivery. The outcome was complete uterine rupture (tearing of all uterine wall layers, including serosa and membranes). Risk factors were parameters related to demographics, pregnancy, and labor. Odds ratios for complete uterine rupture were computed with crude logistic regressions for each risk factor. Separate multivariable logistic regressions were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.. Complete uterine rupture occurred in 51 cases without previous cesarean delivery (0.38 per 10,000) and 122 with previous cesarean delivery (21.1 per 10,000). The strongest risk factor was sequential labor induction with prostaglandins and oxytocin, compared with spontaneous labor, in those without previous cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 48.0, 95% confidence interval, 20.5-112.3) and those with previous cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 16.1, 95% confidence interval, 8.6-29.9). Other significant risk factors for those without and with previous cesarean delivery, respectively, included labor augmentation with oxytocin (adjusted odds ratio, 22.5, 95% confidence interval, 10.9-41.2; adjusted odds ratio, 4.4, 95% confidence interval, 2.9-6.6), antepartum fetal death (adjusted odds ratio, 15.0, 95% confidence interval, 6.2-36.6; adjusted odds ratio, 4.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-14.2), and previous first-trimester miscarriages (adjusted odds ratio, 9.6, 95% confidence interval, 5.7-17.4; adjusted odds ratio, 5.00, 95% confidence interval, 3.4-7.3). After a previous cesarean delivery, the risk of rupture was increased by an interdelivery interval <16 months (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4) and a previous cesarean delivery with severe postpartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-13.2).. Sequential labor induction with prostaglandins and oxytocin and augmentation of labor with oxytocin are important risk factors for complete uterine rupture in intact and scarred uteri.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Birth Intervals; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Incidence; Labor, Induced; Logistic Models; Maternal Age; Multivariate Analysis; Norway; Odds Ratio; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prostaglandins; Risk Factors; Uterine Rupture; Vaginal Birth after Cesarean

To identify factors related to retained placenta in the context of contemporary obstetric practice.. This was a case-control study comparing 408 cases of retained placenta and an equivalent number of control individuals. Epidemiological and delivery-related variables were registered in computerized prenatal and in-hospital medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used for estimation of risk ratios and statistical significance.. Independent risk factors for retained placenta were: previous retained placenta (odds ratio [OR] 12.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.61-44.08); preterm delivery (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.60-6.70); oxytocin use for 195-415 minutes (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.20-3.34); oxytocin use more than 415 minutes (OR 6.55, 95% CI 3.42-12.54, number needed to harm 2.3); preeclampsia (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.20-6.78); two or more previous miscarriages (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.31-5.20); and one or more previous abortion (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09-2.28). Parity of two or more had a seemingly protective effect (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.70), as did smoking at the start of pregnancy (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09-0.88). Retained placenta was significantly associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. The OR related to blood loss exceeding 500 mL, 1,000 mL, and 2,000 mL and the need for blood transfusion was 33.07 (95% CI 20.57-53.16), 43.44 (95% CI 26.57-71.02), 111.24 (95% CI 27.26-454.00), and 37.48 (95% CI 13.63-103.03), respectively. Diabetes was numerically overrepresented in the case group, but the power of the study to detect a significant difference in risk outcome was insufficient.. Identifying risk factors for retained placenta is important in the assessment of women after delivery. The increased risk associated with duration of oxytocin use is of interest, considering its widespread use.. II.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Placenta, Retained; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Sweden; Young Adult

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Female; Humans; Live Birth; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vasotocin

Yunkang oral liquid (YK) had an obviously anti-abortional effect on the abortional testing model of both rats and mice, which was induced by acupuncture and oxytocin (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); there is no statistic difference between the effect of progesterone and the effect of YK. The results showed that YK could relax obviously the uteri of both rats and mice in vitro and the uteri of rabbits in vivo. It also could antagonize the effects of oxytocin and acetylcholine on animals uteri in vivo and in vitro (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The acute toxicologic test showed the maximal tolerance dose of ig. in mice and rats were higher than 240 g/kg and 96 g/kg respectively. The LD50 in mice (ip.) was 61.56 +/- 5.29 g/kg (p = 0.95). Subacute toxicologic test for 8 weeks of continuous drug feeding among rats did not show obvious toxicity. Mutagenicity test also showed negative results. Feeding to pregnant rats with YK did not result in teratogenicity to the offsprings. The growth and development, memory of filial generations were not affected, either. So Yunkang oral liquid, a Chinese compound recipe, has a safe and reliable effect of anti-abortion.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uterine Contraction

Intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-Me-PGF2alpha) induced abortion in 38 patients who had failed to abort with other techniques, such as intra-amniotic instillation of saline or PGF2alpha and intravaginal insertion of prostaglandin-impragnated Silastic devices. The intramuscular injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha were initiated when the original abortion techniques, even when augmented by intravenous oxytocin, failed to produce expulsion of the fetus. The dose schedule was 250 microgram or 500 microgram every 2 to 4 hours, and the concomitant intravenous oxytocin was continued at a rate of 167 mU/minute. Of the 38 patients, 26 aborted with two or fewer injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha, and 30 patients required only 1 mg of the drug to expel the fetus successfully. The mean time from the first injection of 15-Me-PGF2alpha to the expulsion of the fetus was 5.25 hours; one-half of the patients aborted in less than 4 hours. The placenta was expelled spontaneously in 15 patients, removed manually from the vagina in 18, and removed by sponge forceps in 3. Two abortions were incomplete and surgical intervention was required. Twenty-eight patients (74%) experienced gastrointestinal disturbances, chiefly vomiting and diarrhea. Intramuscular administration of 15-Me-PGF2alpha eliminates the need for repeated amniocentesis, and the dose may be adjusted to meet the precise requirements of the clinical situation.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

Serum progesterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay at regular intervals up to 24 hours after delivery in 4 normal pregnancies. In 6 cases of hydatidiform mole, serum progesterone was assayed before and at regular intervals up to 48 hours after uterine evacuation or hysterectomy. Serum progesterone dropped rapidly by more than 50% during the first hour postpartum, and it was less than 25% of the predelivery levels 24 hours after parturition. In all 6 cases of molar pregnancies, serum progesterone fell rapidly within the first few hours after uterine evacuation. In the presence of theca lutein cysts (2 cases), serum progesterone fell much more slowly than in the absence of theca lutein cysts after removal of the mole tissue. Serum progesterone was less than 5mg/ml after total hysterectomy of uterine evacuation in moles without theca lutein cysts. These findings suggest that while the placenta is the principal source of elevated serum progesterone in normal pregnancy, the molar trophoblast is the principal source of elevated serum progesterone in hydatidiform mole, with the theca lutein cysts making a contribution when they are present.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Binding, Competitive; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Curettage; Delivery, Obstetric; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Hysterectomy; Male; Ovarian Cysts; Oxytocin; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Protein Binding; Time Factors

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Aminocaproates; Ascorbic Acid; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Placenta Previa; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Hemorrhage; Uterine Rupture; Vitamin K

8 nulliparous women, all approximately 15 weeks pregnant, were administered 350 ml Macrodex intraamniotically during a period of 15-30 minutes to increase uterine volume. 4 of the patients aborted following a decrease in plasma progesterone and an increase in resting pressure, active pressure, and oxytocin response. In 2 patients, plasma progesterone increased while resting pressure, active pressure, and oxytocin response did not increase, and pregnancy continued undisturbed. It is concluded that increasing uterine volume may induce a compensatory synthesis of progesterone in the palcenta provided that: 1) the osmotic action of the injected hypertonic solution does not suppress placental function to a degree equal to that of the stimulatory effect of increasing volume; 2) the osmotic increase in volume is slow enough to permit the time-dependent increase in progesteronegenesis; and 3) the increase in intrauterine pressure and clinical progress in abortion does not suppress placental endocrine function. Further experiments are necessary to verify this interpretation.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Depression, Chemical; Dextrans; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pressure; Progesterone; Rupture; Stimulation, Chemical; Uterus

Topics: Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Septic; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Curettage; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal; Time Factors

Of 16 consecutive cases of previous sterilization treated by tubal surgery fifteen women tested had patent Fallopian tubes. Over 18 months since operation there were four full-term pregnancies and two abortions among 11 patients. At interview with the patient it is important to emphasize that reconstruction of the tubes is a major operation and carries an increased subsequent hazard of ectopic pregnancy.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Contraception; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Fertility; Humans; Hysterosalpingography; Kymography; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Sterilization, Tubal; Uterus

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Copulation; Corpus Luteum; Cortisone; Female; Fetus; Guinea Pigs; Hypophysectomy; Labor, Obstetric; Organ Size; Ovary; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Protein Binding; Radioimmunoassay; Regeneration; Time Factors

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hysterosalpingography; Infusions, Parenteral; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Uterine Rupture

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Vessels; Constriction; Dilatation; Electrocardiography; Ergonovine; Female; Fingers; Forearm; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Oxytocin; Plethysmography; Posture; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Edema; Receptors, Adrenergic

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Amniocentesis; Amnion; Amniotic Fluid; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prostaglandins; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Uterus

Topics: Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Extraction, Obstetrical; Female; Fetomaternal Transfusion; Fetus; gamma-Globulins; Hemorrhage; Humans; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Middle Aged; Oxytocin; Parity; Placenta; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Multiple; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Castration; Estradiol; Female; Hypophysectomy; Ovary; Oxytocin; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Labor, Induced; Methods; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Puerperal Disorders

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Brain Edema; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Seizures; Water Intoxication; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Atropine; Cervix Uteri; Curettage; Cyclopropanes; Dilatation; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Oxytocin; Postoperative Complications; Preanesthetic Medication; Pregnancy; Thiopental; Uterine Hemorrhage; Uterus; Vomiting

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Uterus

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Fetal Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Labor, Induced; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle, Smooth; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Uterus

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenal Glands; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caproates; Castration; Endocrine Glands; Endometrium; Estrogen Antagonists; Female; Feminization; Hydroxyprogesterones; Male; Mice; Ovulation; Oxytocin; Parabiosis; Pituitary Gland; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Progestins; Rabbits; Rats; Testis; Virilism

Topics: Abortion, Criminal; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Contraception; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Infusions, Parenteral; Oxytocin; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Shock, Septic; Sterilization, Reproductive

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Septic; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Abortion, Threatened; Cervix Uteri; Classification; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Hydroxyprogesterones; Norethindrone; Oxytocin; Pathology; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Rest

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Female; Hormones; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Physiology; Placental Hormones; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Legal; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Hysterosalpingography; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Sodium Chloride; Solutions

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Incomplete; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Anesthesia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Transfusion; Curettage; Diagnosis; Female; Hemorrhage; Hospitalization; Humans; Oxytocin; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Aminopeptidases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Hydroxyprogesterones; Metabolism; Oxytocin; Pharmacology; Placenta; Pregnancy; Progestins

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Septic; Abortion, Spontaneous; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Perfusion; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Female; Glucose; Humans; Obstetrics; Oxytocin; Papaverine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections; Injections, Intravenous; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Moon; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Stillbirth

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Premature Birth

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Blood; Female; Humans; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy