oxytocin and Abdominal-Pain

To determine the role of intraumbilical vein oxytocin reducing blood loss during and after one hour of delivery of placenta and its efficacy in reducing the frequency of retained placenta.. Randomized controlled trial.. Combined Military Hospital, Multan, from June 2002 to October 2002.. Five hundred parturient women with low risk singleton term pregnancy were enrolled in the study. Two hundred and fifty women each were included in the study and control group after randomization. The patients and health care providers both were blinded to the intervention. Primary outcome measures were kept as duration and amount of blood loss in third stage of labour. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of retained placenta, abdominal need for additional utero-tonics, frequency of postpartum pain, nausea and vomiting, fever, need for blood transfusion, establishment of breast feeding and total duration of hospital stay.. Women in study group who received intraumbilical vein syntocinon lost 234.03 ml of blood while the control group lost 276.51 ml (p=0.001). Mean duration of third stage was 2.59 minutes in the study group and 7.67 minutes in the control group (p<0.001). The frequency of retained placenta was 1.2%, which involved only the control group. Abdominal pain was experienced by study group but the difference was not found statistically significant. Nausea and vomiting was more in study group (p=0.001). No discernible difference was found in length of hospital stay, the need for blood transfusion, fever and establishment of breast-feeding in both groups.. The addition of intraumbilical vein syntocinon 10 units resulted in marked reduction in amount of blood loss, duration of third stage and incidence of retained placenta in comparison to intravenous 5 IU oxytocin+0.5 mg ergometrine alone.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Ergonovine; Female; Humans; Incidence; Labor Stage, Third; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Placenta, Retained; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common occurrence in adolescent women and is a type of chronic inflammation. Dysmenorrhea is due to an increase in oxidative stress, which increases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, increases the concentration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and increases the calcium concentration in uterine smooth muscle, causing excessive uterine contractions and pain. The polyphenolic compound oleocanthal (OC) in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of extra virgin olive oil and its active ingredient oleocanthal (OC) on prostaglandin-induced uterine hyper-contraction, its antioxidant ability, and related mechanisms. We used force-displacement transducers to calculate uterine contraction in an ex vivo study. To analyze the analgesic effect, in an in vivo study, we used an acetic acid/oxytocin-induced mice writhing model and determined uterus contraction-related signaling protein expression. The active compound OC inhibited calcium/PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction. In the acetic acid and oxytocin-induced mice writhing model, the intervention of the EVOO acetonitrile layer extraction inhibited pain by inhibiting oxidative stress and the phosphorylation of the protein kinase C (PKC)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/ myosin light chain (MLC) signaling pathway. These findings supported the idea that EVOO and its active ingredient, OC, can effectively decrease oxidative stress and PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction, representing a further treatment for dysmenorrhea.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Aldehydes; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Calcium; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; Dinoprost; Disease Models, Animal; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Mice; Olive Oil; Oxidative Stress; Oxytocin; Phenols; Prostaglandins; Signal Transduction; Uterine Contraction; Uterus

Poor oral availability and susceptibility to reduction and protease degradation is a major hurdle in peptide drug development. However, drugable receptors in the gut present an attractive niche for peptide therapeutics. Here we demonstrate, in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain, that oxytocin receptors are significantly upregulated in nociceptors innervating the colon. Correspondingly, we develop chemical strategies to engineer non-reducible and therefore more stable oxytocin analogues. Chemoselective selenide macrocyclization yields stabilized analogues equipotent to native oxytocin. Ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis of native oxytocin and the seleno-oxytocin derivatives reveals that oxytocin has a pre-organized structure in solution, in marked contrast to earlier X-ray crystallography studies. Finally, we show that these seleno-oxytocin analogues potently inhibit colonic nociceptors both in vitro and in vivo in mice with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Our findings have potentially important implications for clinical use of oxytocin analogues and disulphide-rich peptides in general.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Oxytocin

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesics; Animals; Humans; Oxytocin

The main objective of this work was to study plasma oxytocin concentration of children with psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain and children with organic abdominal disease producing pain. Another objective was to study plasma oxytocin in children with psychosomatic recurrent pain over time and its relationship to other associated symptoms such as somatic pains and appetite.. The concentration of oxytocin in plasma (fasting morning sample) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 48 children with abdominal pain, 32 of whom had psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain according to previously defined criteria. Oxytocin levels were assessed in a separate group of 15 children with inflammatory bowel disease with abdominal pain and in a control group of 79 healthy school children.. Plasma oxytocin concentration was significantly lower in children with recurrent abdominal pain of psychosomatic origin (P < 0.0001) and in the group of children with inflammatory bowel disease (P < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no difference between oxytocin levels of children with psychosomatic abdominal pain and those with inflammatory bowel disease. When repeated after one year, children with psychosomatic abdominal pain had an increase in mean plasma oxytocin level (P < 0.05). No relationship was found between specific symptoms and plasma oxytocin.. Plasma oxytocin level is low in patients with abdominal pain of psychosomatic origin and inflammatory bowel disease. Measurement of plasma oxytocin may be of some help in the differential diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain, but does not differentiate between psychosomatic abdominal pain and pain associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Oxytocin; Pain Measurement; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Recurrence

Rupture of unscarred uterus during the second trimester is rare. There have been only 32 cases reported in the literature since 1968. A case of ruptured uterus in a grand multiparous woman is presented. To our knowledge, this might be the first reported case in the English literature of uterine rupture during second trimester termination of pregnancy using a prostaglandin E1 analogue (Misoprostol) and oxytocin.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abortifacient Agents; Abortion, Induced; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Female; Fetal Death; Gestational Age; Humans; Hysterectomy; Misoprostol; Oxytocin; Parity; Pregnancy; Uterine Rupture

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carbetocin (a long-acting synthetic analogue of oxytocin), when administered immediately after vaginal delivery at term.. Carbetocin was given as an intramuscular injection immediately after the birth of the infant in 45 healthy women with normal singleton pregnancies who delivered vaginally at term. Dosage groups of 15, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 or 200 microg carbetocin were assigned to blocks of three women according to the continual reassessment method (CRM).. All dosage groups consisted of three women, except those with 100 microg (n=6) and 200 microg (n=18). Recorded were dose-limiting adverse events: hyper- or hypotension (three), severe abdominal pain (0), vomiting (0) and retained placenta (four). Serious adverse events occurred in seven women: six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml, four cases of manual placenta removal, five cases of additional oxytocics administration and five cases of blood transfusion. Maximum blood loss was greatest at the upper and lower dose levels, and lowest in the 70-125 microg dose range. Four out of six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml occurred in the 200 microg group. The majority of additional administration of oxytocics (4/5) and blood transfusion (3/5) occurred in the dose groups of 200 microg. All retained placentae were found in the group of 200 microg.. The MTD was calculated to be at 200 microg carbetocin.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Placenta, Retained; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Vomiting

The purpose of the present study was to measure plasma concentrations of oxytocin, cortisol and prolactin in children with recurrent abdominal pain of non-organic origin (RAP). Forty children with RAP and 34 controls, matched for age and sex, participated in the study. A blood sample was collected after an overnight fast in association with clinical examinations. Oxytocin, cortisol and prolactin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in the children with RAP were found to be significantly reduced compared with those of the controls (approximately 24 versus 63 pmol/l for oxytocin and 160 versus 300 nmol/l for cortisol, respectively). The low oxytocin and cortisol levels persisted at a second examination 3 months later. No significant differences in the prolactin levels were observed between RAP and controls.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Oxytocin; Prolactin; Recurrence; Sex Factors