oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Rocky-Mountain-Spotted-Fever

Prophylactic treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever with a single dose of oxytetracycline was investigated in guinea pigs. Disease was prevented when treatment was administered shortly before expected onset. Relapses occurred when treatment preceded expected onset by 48 h or more.

Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intramuscular; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Oxytetracycline; Recurrence; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Time Factors

The presence of cell-mediated immunity in Rocky Mountain spotted fever-infected guinea pigs was determined by two in vitro assays: whole blood lymphocyte transformation (LT) and macrophage migration inhibition. Increased LT was detected as early as 1 week in guinea pigs infected with Rickettsia rickettsii and treated with oxytetracycline and was detected by two weeks in infected but untreated guinea pigs. Elevated LT was still detectable at 10 weeks postinfection. Guinea pigs vaccinated with killed rickettsiae failed to develop lymphocyte responsiveness; however, there was a rapid lymphocyte response after challenge with live organisms, suggesting potentiation by the vaccine. Vaccinated guinea pigs that were challenged and then treated with antibiotic failed to develop LT, suggesting that infection is necessary for the observed response. Macrophage migration inhibition was detected in both infected and vaccinated guinea pigs by 1 week after infection, but this response was no longer detected 4 to 5 weeks later. Antibody appeared at 2 to 3 weeks postinfection and was present at low levels through week 10. Antibody-treated rickettsiae were phagocytized and destroyed by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, whereas normal serum-treated rickettsiae replicated and eventually destroyed the phagocytes.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cell Migration Inhibition; Guinea Pigs; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Oxytetracycline; Phagocytosis; Rickettsia rickettsii; Rickettsial Vaccines; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Topics: Humans; Oxytetracycline; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever