oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Rhinitis--Atrophic

Forty-two pigs in a herd of 117 displayed various clinical signs of progressive atrophic rhinitis. The main signs included sneezing, coughing, lachrymation, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal bleeding in 1 pig. Three pigs had lateral deviation of the snout, while 4 had brachygnathia superior with obvious deformation of the face. Four acutely affected weaner pigs appeared weak, while the 7 chronically-affected pigs appeared smaller than their apparently unaffected penmates of the same age. Treatment of the acutely affected pigs with long-acting oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, repeated once after 7 days, reduced the severity but did not clear the sneezing from all the pigs. Fifteen pigs were slaughtered 2 months after the clinical diagnosis was made. The carcasses of the chronically affected pigs were about 15% lighter than those of the apparently normal pigs of the same age and from the same pen, which translated to a loss of 921.00 Kenya shillings per pig (US$13.7). Diagnosis of progressive atrophic rhinitis was confirmed by sectioning the snouts of randomly selected slaughtered pigs with obvious deformation of the snout. Sections were made at the level of the 1st/2nd upper premolar tooth. Varying degrees of turbinate atrophy, from mild to complete, were noted. Histopathology of the turbinates revealed metaplasia of nasal epithelium and fibrosis in the lamina propria.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atrophy; Female; Kenya; Male; Oxytetracycline; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases; Turbinates

The sensitivity of ten Bordetella bronchiseptica and ten Pasteurella multocida strains, each isolated from cases of atrophic rhinitis (AR), was examined in tube dilution test. Getroxel, chlorquinaldol and oxytetracycline and the former two ones combined with trimethoprim inhibited the growth of both species in vitro. The minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentration was less than 0.5 microgram/ml. When efficacy was tested in SPF in the group fed a combination of Getroxel, chlorquinaldol and oxytetracycline (60 mg, 240 mg and 360 mg/kg of feed, respectively), P. multocida disappeared from the nasal cavity by the end of a 30-day treatment. B. bronchiseptica was reisolated in low numbers from 2 out of 9 piglets. The daily body mass gain was by 7.9% higher and the feed conversion rate was by 19% better than in the control group. After slaughter, only mild signs of AR were seen in 3 out of 9 piglets treated with the above-mentioned drug combination, while in the control group severe lesions were observed in 8 out of 9 pigs. In treated commercial herds P. multocida disappeared from the nasal cavity of the piglets by the end of the treatment (42nd day of life), but the B. bronchiseptica strains could not be completely eliminated. Due to the treatment, mortality between 2 and 6 weeks of age decreased by 0.8-7.6%. Daily body mass gain was, on the average, 16.4% higher, the amount of feed needed for 1 kg body mass gain was by 15.3% lower and the duration of fattening was by 30.8 days shorter than in the control groups.

Topics: Animals; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Carbadox; Chlorquinaldol; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella multocida; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Swine Diseases

A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was evaluated for control of rhinitis induced experimentally in pigs with a capsular type A, toxin-negative, low-passage strain of Pasteurella multocida. The pigs were 6 to 7 weeks old and were naturally infected with Haemophilus parasuis. The H parasuis infection was thought to predispose to establishment of P multocida in the nasal cavity. A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was given IM at the rate of 20 mg/kg, 4 times at 5-day intervals. Medication reduced (P less than 0.05) the severity of turbinate atrophy and the proportion of pigs with P multocida and H parasuis in their nasal cavities. Numbers of colonies of P multocida and H parasuis isolated were also less in medicated pigs.

Topics: Animals; Haemophilus Infections; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella Infections; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

The piglets of two multiplier herds (M and B) showing clinically apparent atrophic rhinitis (AR) were treated by the nasal-spray method. A solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC, 50 mg/ml.) was used as a spray fluid. The course of the disease in the herds was followed by studying the development of foreshortening of the upper jaws in the heads. Brachygnathia superior (BS), from the eighth to tenth week of life. Efforts were made to gain an impression of the effects of treatment on the frequency with which Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida were isolated by bacteriological examination of the nose. Treatment by the nasal-spray method up to an age of approximately five weeks, of seven weeks were treated at least once weekly. The proportion of animals in which the disease was clinically apparent decreased from 25 per cent to 0 per cent in herd M and from 41 per cent to 0 per cent in herd B. Treatment by the nasal-spray method up to an age approximately five weeks, in which feed medicated with OTC was also given up to the age of eight to ten weeks also had a satisfactory effect. The frequency with which Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida were isolated, was reduced by treatment, elimination of these agents was not.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Bordetella; Nose; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Atrophic rhinitis (AR) caused serious losses in a breeding herd including approximately 120 sows. The extent to which piglets were affected by AR was assessed by determining the degree of shortening of the upper jaw. Animals showing a crooked nose or grade two or more of shortening of the upper jaw were considered to be clinically positive. Grades three and four of the upper jaw were observed in those animals which were severely affected by Atrophic rhinitis. Treatment of all piglets up to about eight weeks of age by the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride directed against the bacteria Bordetella bronchisepica and Pasteurella multocida was successful in reducing the proportion of clinically affected piglets from 30 per cent to 0 per cent within eight weeks. There was found to be a positive relationship between the proportion of piglets infected with the two above bacteria at an age of about five weeks and the incidence of shortening of the upper jaw at an age of about eight weeks. The proportion of piglets with shortening of the upper jaw rose following a marked increase in the number of piglets in farrowing and flat-deck houses and as a result of the supply of inadequately medicated feed.

Topics: Animals; Bordetella Infections; Maxilla; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella Infections; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Swine; Swine Diseases

The following measures designed for the prevention of Atrophic rhinitis (AR) were compared. (1) Adopting the all in - all out system in separate farrowing quarters. The variation in age between piglets in a single farrowing house was confined to one to two weeks. (2) Treating the piglets with a combined preparation of penicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline hydrochloride or sulphonamides on the third, sixth and twelfth days of life. (3) Administering immune sera to piglets. (4) Vaccinating sows and piglets with Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine and piggery--specific Pasteurella multocida vaccine. The various forms of treatment had a beneficial effect on the clinical picture in every case of Atrophic rhinitis. Moreover, the dosage of the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride as well as the titre of the immune serum were found to be factors in the prevention of AR. The pressure of infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and/or Pasteurella multocida is a factor of major importance in the pathogenesis of clinically apparent AR in piglets under eight weeks. Maintaining infection at a low level is the main object in the control of AR. The more so as the knowledge available today does not make it possible to free piggeries from Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Bordetella; Chloramphenicol; Housing, Animal; Immunization, Passive; Methods; Netherlands; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella; Penicillins; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Sulfonamides; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Oxytetracycline; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Sulfaphenazole; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; India; Klebsiella; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Rhinoscleroma; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Communicable Diseases; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Otitis Externa; Otitis Media; Oxytetracycline; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Sinusitis; Sulfathiazoles; Suppuration; Trypsin