oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Respiratory-Tract-Diseases

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aerosols; Ampicillin; Animals; Atropine; Bronchodilator Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cromolyn Sodium; Horse Diseases; Horses; Isoniazid; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pyrilamine; Respiratory Tract Diseases

New epidemics of respiratory disease have caused 29.6 morbidity and 6.4% mortality in camels in the Somalia region of Ethiopia. The major clinical signs observed were fever of 40-41.5 degrees C, depression, cough, loss of appetite and a watery nasal discharge that became mucopurulent at a later stage. Finally, the camel became recumbent and extended its neck straight along the ground. Some of the animals died within 8-9 days. The major post-mortem lesions were hydrothorax, adhesion of the lung to the thorax, red and grey hepatization, emphysema, hydropericardium and fibrinous pericarditis. A treatment trial indicated that oxytetracycline was more effective than a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, the results showing a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The bacteria isolated from lung, thoracic fluid and whole blood were Pasteurella haemolytica. Further studies on the epidemiology of this disease, the identification of the serotypes involved, and the demonstration of any primary viral initiating agent are recommended to allow the development of preventive methods.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Camelus; Drug Combinations; Ethiopia; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Lung; Male; Mannheimia haemolytica; Morbidity; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella Infections; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Streptomycin; Surveys and Questionnaires

To compare the effect of a single parenteral injection of tilmicosin with that of a single dose of a long-acting oxytetracycline as treatment in the early stages of naturally acquired undifferentiated respiratory tract disease in young dairy calves.. Prospective clinical trial, randomized block design.. 40 dairy calves.. 78 calves from 5 farms were examined weekly until 3 months old. When respiratory tract disease was diagnosed by a veterinarian, the calf was assigned to 1 or 2 treatment groups. Transtracheal wash samples were acquired to characterize the pathogens. The veterinarian, who was unaware of treatment assignments, examined calves for 3 days after treatment and evaluated severity, using a scoring system. Growth rates were measured.. On the basis of response to initial treatment, relapse rates, and effect on growth rates, the antibiotics were determined to be equally effective. Severity of clinical disease was significantly (P < 0.03) less for the tilmicosin-treated calves on days 2 and 3 after treatment. Findings from analysis of transtracheal wash samples indicated Pasteurella multocida (25/40), P haemolytica (4/40), Haemophilus somnus (4/40), Actinomyces pyogenes (3/40), and Aspergillus sp (2/40). Mycoplasma was isolated in association with bacterial isolates in 22 calves.. Tilmicosin and oxytetracycline are effective in treatment of respiratory tract disease in young calves, even when Mycoplasma spp are involved. Tilmicosin is more effective in resolving clinical signs. Early treatment of dairy calves with respiratory tract disease may decrease detrimental effects on growth.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Macrolides; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Tylosin

To quantify haptoglobin response to respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle, and to investigate its ability to predict disease outcome and response to antibiotic treatment.. Randomized clinical trial.. 60 feedlot calves with clinical respiratory tract disease.. Calves were randomly assigned to receive a standard antibiotic treatment regimen (TRT), or to observation pens without antibiotic treatment. Serum haptoglobin concentration was measured at initial and final examinations. Calves were examined for presence of gross pulmonary lesions at slaughter.. Mean +/- SD serum haptoglobin concentration at initial examination was 67 +/- 108 mg/dl, with range of 0 to 508 mg/dl. Haptoglobin concentration at initial examination was similar for the TRT group and the group that did not receive antibiotic treatment, but at final examination, TRT-group calves had lower (P < 0.01) mean values. Calves receiving antibiotic treatment had haptoglobin concentration at or near zero at final examination. Calves not receiving antibiotic treatment had only slightly lower mean haptoglobin concentration at final examination, compared with initial examination. Within treatment groups, haptoglobin concentration was similar for cases with different outcomes. Calves with gross pulmonary lesions at slaughter had numerically higher, although statistically similar, haptoglobin concentrations at initial examination, compared with calves without lesions.. Feedlot cattle with clinical respiratory tract disease have a large and variable haptoglobin response. Antibiotic treatment resulted in lower serum haptoglobin values, although low values were not required for full clinical recovery.. Serum haptoglobin concentration may be an indicator of response to antibiotic therapy, although it appears to be unrelated to case severity or need for treatment.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Haptoglobins; Lung; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sulfadimethoxine; Tylosin

In a blinded multicentre trial 313 cattle showing clinical signs of respiratory disease were allocated randomly into three groups, treated intramuscularly with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg bodyweight in combination with vehicle alone (placebo) or with tolfenamic acid at 2 mg/kg bodyweight once or on two occasions with a 48-h interdosing interval. The clinical status of the animals was monitored for 5 days using a specific scoring system and weight gain was calculated between day 0 and day 21. Relapses were monitored from day 5 until day 21. When oxytetracycline was combined with two injections of tolfenamic acid, there was a significant (P < 0.04) improvement in the clinical resolution. This regimen also produced non-significant improvements in cure rate, reduced frequency of relapses and improved weight gain.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia, Atypical Interstitial, of Cattle; Respiratory Tract Diseases

The forced oscillation technique was used to study pulmonary function in bulls during naturally acquired pulmonary-gastrointestinal disease complex known as shipping fever and as it was treated with two different antibiotics. Fifteen double-muscled bulls of the Belgian White and Blue breed were investigated. Clinical, serological and pulmonary function values were recorded during and after naturally occurring respiratory disease. Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) were measured by the forced oscillation technique. The antibiotic ceftiofur (group A, n = 10) and oxytetracycline (group B, n = 5) were given over three days. A large increase of Rrs at low frequencies with a marked negative frequency dependence, an increase of the resonant frequency, and a decrease of Xrs were recorded in the initial stage of the disease. The parameters returned to normal values seven days later. Clinical evidence of recovery was more marked in group A than in group B. These results show that moderate shipping fever induces acute small and large airway obstruction which responds to appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Oxytetracycline; Pressure; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Goats; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Senegal; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Animals; Hydrocortisone; Mustard Compounds; Mustard Gas; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tract Diseases; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Oxytetracycline; Povidone; Pyelonephritis; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Prognosis; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Infant; Male; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Chymotrypsin; Empyema; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kanamycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Peptide Hydrolases; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Emphysema; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Animals; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlorpheniramine; Dexamethasone; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Procaine; Procaine; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Silo Filler's Disease

Topics: Oxytetracycline; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aerosols; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline; Pediatrics; Penicillins; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Oxytetracycline; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Research Design; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Humans; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Virus Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Aspirin; Dermatologic Agents; Erythromycin; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Communicable Diseases; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases