oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Pelvic-Inflammatory-Disease

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Urinary Tract Infections

The goals of this study were to evaluate factors affecting recovery and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in intrauterine E. coli in post-partum dairy cows with and without metritis from commercial California dairy farms. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 307 cows were sampled from 25 farms throughout California, from which a total of 162 intrauterine E. coli isolates were recovered. During farm visits, cows within 21 days post-partum were categorized in one of three clinical presentation groups before enrollment: metritis (MET, n = 86), defined as a cow with watery, red or brown colored, and fetid vaginal discharge; cows with purulent discharge (PUS, n = 106), defined as a non-fetid purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge; and control cows, (CTL, n = 115) defined as cows with either no vaginal discharge or a clear, non-purulent mucus vaginal discharge. Cows diagnosed as MET had significantly higher odds for recovery of E. coli compared to cows diagnosed as CTL (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17-3.96), with no significant difference observed between PUS and CTL, and PUS and MET. An increase in days in milk (DIM) at the time of sampling was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds ratio for E. coli recovery from intrauterine swabs (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98). All intrauterine E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (AMP), with an AMR prevalence of 30.2% and 33.9% observed for chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, respectively. Only 8.6% of isolates were resistant to ceftiofur (CEFT), one of the most common drugs used to treat cows on farms sampled. No significant difference in the prevalence of AMR was observed among clinical groups at the individual cow level. At the farm level, a significantly higher odds for isolating intrauterine E. coli resistant to chlortetracycline (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 3.7-58.0) or oxytetracycline (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-33.8) was observed at farms that used an intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline as a treatment for metritis when compared to those farms that did not use this practice. Findings from this study indicate the need for further research supporting a broader understanding of farm practices driving AMR in cows with metritis, as well as data to increase the accuracy of breakpoints for AMR classification of intrauterine E. coli from cattle.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endometritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Farms; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Risk Factors

Clinical criteria and treatment protocols are outlined for 663 cases of mild, moderate and severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Data on 176 patients requiring admission to hospital and who were treated conservatively with antibiotics are analysed. Criteria for operative intervention are outlined; only 1 patient required surgical intervention. The study suggests that, provided strict criteria are adhered to, conservative management of PID is both safe and effective and offers outlying hospitals and rural practitioners a plan of management that can be safely followed before resorting to referral to major centres.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Penicillin G; Prospective Studies; Tetracycline; Tobramycin

A total of 40 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (APID) were studied over a period of 7 months; one aim was to evaluate the use of different antibiotics in treatment. The most important findings were: (i) most patients had a polymicrobial aetiology for their APID; (ii) Chlamydia trachomatis and the anaerobic bacteria were the most common organisms encountered; and (iii) tetracycline plus metronidazole is probably the best combination therapy for APID.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Doxycycline; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Random Allocation; Tetracycline

Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Adult; Bartonella Infections; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Topics: Abscess; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Transfusion; Cesarean Section; Communicable Diseases; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Erythromycin; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Gynecology; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neomycin; Obstetrics; Ovary; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis; Pneumococcal Infections; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Phenylbutazone

Topics: Adult; Cholecystitis; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis; Pessaries; Suppositories

Topics: Cortisone; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Prednisolone

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Gynecology; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Salpingitis