oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Mastitis

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ERFX) as a second-line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. Forty-two cows with naturally occurring acute E. coli mastitis were enrolled. On the first day of treatment (day 0), empirically selected antibiotics (oxytetracycline: n = 32, kanamycin: n = 10) were administered. Although systemic signs improved in 10 cows (first-line group), the signs remained unchanged or worsened in 32 cows on day 1, including two cows that were found dead. The 30 surviving cows were randomly assigned to second-line groups constituting an ERFX group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 11) that was treated with other antibiotics. Response to each treatment was evaluated by measuring clinical signs from day 0 to day 3, subsequent quarter milk recovery, and the 60-day survival rate. Appetite on day 3 was significantly better in the ERFX group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the 60-day survival rate or the subsequent milk recovery between the ERFX group and the control group. Thus, the use of ERFX as a second-line antibiotic for the treatment of acute E. coli mastitis could induce a rapid appetite recovery.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Appetite; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enrofloxacin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Kanamycin; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Retreatment; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exhibit antibacterial activity and have synergistic effects with antibiotics. One way to re-sensitize MRSA to resistant antibiotics is by combining with approved non-antibiotics. The study was intended to explore susceptibility of MRSA to various antibiotics and non-antibiotics (NSAIDs) by micro dilution broth method. MRSA isolates were confirmed by PCR (mecA gene) and in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion tests. Combinations of NSAIDs with resistant antibiotics were also evaluated in in-vivo trial in mice. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility profile presented 100% resistance to Cefoxitin, 37.5% to Gentamicin and Amikacin, 25% to Oxytetracycline, 12.5% to Tylosin, Fusidic acid and Vancomycin, while Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole and Linezolid were found sensitive. Synergistic effect was observed when resistant antibiotics (Oxytetracycline/Gentamicin) were combined with sensitive antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin/Linezolid). Combination of Non-antibiotics (NSAIDs) with resistant antibiotics revealed that Meloxicam showed partial synergism with both Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin, while Flunixin Meglumine presented synergistic effect with Oxytetracycline and partial synergism with Gentamicin. Diclofenac Sodium revealed additive effect with Oxytetracycline while in case of Gentamicin indifferent effect was observed. In-vivo results showed that combinations of Oxytetracycline with Meloxicam/Flunixin Meglumine and Gentamicin with Meloxicam/Flunixin Meglumine were effective. The study concluded that the resistance against milk borne zoonotic MRSA infections can be successfully addressed by combining resistant antibiotics with NSAIDs. Flunixin Meglumine can be used in combination with oxytetracycline against MRSA infection.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Female; Gentamicins; Goats; Mastitis; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Pakistan; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Prevalence; Staphylococcal Infections

An outbreak of infective mastitis due to Enterococcus faecalis occurred in an intensive sheep farm in north Sardinia (Italy). E. faecalis, which is only rarely isolated from sheep milk, was unexpectedly found in 22·3% of positive samples at microbiological examination. Forty-five out of the 48 E. faecalis isolates showed the same multi-drug resistance pattern (cloxacillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, oxytetracycline). E. faecalis isolates were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and all 45 multi-drug resistant strains showed an indistinguishable macrorestiction profile, indicating their clonal origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of mastitis in sheep caused by E. faecalis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Cloxacillin; Dairying; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Italy; Kanamycin; Mastitis; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Streptomycin

Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Punctures; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Female; Humans; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Oxytocin

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Endometritis; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Milk, Human; Oxytetracycline; Postpartum Period; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteriology; Chlortetracycline; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Mothers; Oxytetracycline; Pyoderma

Topics: Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Postpartum Period

Topics: Breast Diseases; Female; Humans; Mammary Glands, Human; Mastitis; Oxytetracycline; Postpartum Period