oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Mandibular-Diseases

Treatment of osteitis in the mandible after surgery is still a clinical problem. Levels of three tetracyclines--doxycycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline--were measured in serum and dental alveolar serum in 30 patients undergoing oral surgery. The serum concentrations were higher than the dental alveolar serum concentrations in all patients. The maximal concentration in the alveolar serum for doxycycline was between 3.0 and 3.5 mug/ml while the corresponding values for oxytetracycline and tetracycline were between 1.0 and 2.0 mug/ml. When the dental alveolar serum concentrations of the various tetracycline analogues were related to their range of inhibitory concentrations for microorganisms isolated from mandibular osteitis, it was found that each drug reached levels sufficient to inhibit most but not all strains.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Doxycycline; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Osteitis; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline

Pre-clinical studies have shown that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) coated onto purpose-designed titanium porous-oxide surface implants induces clinically relevant bone formation and osseointegration. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of rhBMP-7, also known as recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1), coated onto titanium porous-oxide surface implants to support vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and implant osseointegration.. Bilateral, critical-size, 5 mm, supraalveolar peri-implant defects were created in six young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. The animals received implants coated with rhBMP-7 at 1.5 or 3.0 mg/ml randomized to contra-lateral jaw quadrants. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants for primary intention healing. The animals received fluorescent bone markers at 3, 4, 7, and 8 weeks post-surgery when they were euthanized for histological evaluation.. Without striking differences between treatments, the implant sites exhibited a swelling that gradually regressed to become hard to palpation disguising the implant contours. The histological evaluation showed robust bone formation; the newly formed bone assuming characteristics of the contiguous resident bone, bone formation (height and area) averaging 4.1+/-1.0 versus 3.6+/-1.7 mm and 3.6+/-1.9 versus 3.1+/-1.8 mm(2); and bone density 56%versus 50% for implants coated with rhBMP-7 at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml, respectively. Both treatments exhibited clinically relevant osseointegration, the corresponding bone-implant contact values averaging 51% and 47%. Notable peri-implant resident bone remodelling was observed for implants coated with rhBMP-7 at 3.0 mg/ml.. rhBMP-7 coated onto titanium porous-oxide surface implants induces clinically relevant local bone formation including osseointegration and vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge, the higher concentration/dose associated with some local side effects.

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Bone Regeneration; Bone Remodeling; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dogs; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Mandible; Mandibular Diseases; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Oxytetracycline; Porosity; Random Allocation; Surface Properties; Surgical Flaps; Titanium

Implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induce relevant bone formation but also resident bone remodelling.. To compare the effect of implants fully or partially coated with rhBMP-2 on new bone formation and resident bone remodelling.. Twelve, male, adult, Hound Labrador mongrel dogs were used. Critical-size, supraalveolar, peri-implant defects received titanium porous oxide surface implants coated in their most coronal aspect with rhBMP-2 (coronal-load/six animals) or by immersion of the entire implant in an rhBMP-2 solution (soak-load/six animals) for a total of 30 mug rhBMP-2/implant. All implants were air-dried. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks for histometric evaluation.. Clinical healing was uneventful. Supraalveolar bone formation was not significantly affected by the rhBMP-2 application protocol. New bone height and area averaged (+/- SE) 3.4 +/- 0.2 versus 3.5 +/- 0.4 mm and 2.6 +/- 0.4 versus 2.5 +/- 0.7 mm(2) for coronal-load and soak-load implants, respectively (p>0.05). The corresponding bone density and bone-implant contact (BIC) recordings averaged 38.0 +/- 3.8%versus 34.4 +/- 5.6% and 25.0 +/- 3.8%versus 31.2 +/- 3.3% (p>0.05). In contrast, resident bone remodelling was significantly influenced by the rhBMP-2 application protocol. Bone density outside the implants threads averaged 74.7 +/- 3.8% and 50.8 +/- 4.1% for coronal-load and soak-load implants, respectively (p<0.05); bone density within the thread area averaged 51.8 +/- 1.2% and 37.8 +/- 2.9%, and BIC 70.1 +/- 6.7% and 43.3 +/- 3.9% (p<0.05).. Local application of rhBMP-2 appears to be a viable technology to support local bone formation and osseointegration. Coronal-load implants obviate resident bone remodelling without compromising new bone formation.

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Remodeling; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dogs; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Oxytetracycline; Porosity; Postoperative Complications; Recombinant Proteins; Seroma; Surface Properties; Titanium; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Wound Healing

A case of myospherulosis, a condition first reported in 1969, is reported following the extraction of mandibular third molars and subsequent placement of Terra-Cortril and Gelfoam into the extraction sites. The lesions were discovered during a periodontal surgical procedure and to the best of our knowledge this is the first such report in the periodontal literature.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Drug Combinations; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Mandibular Diseases; Molar, Third; Oxytetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible is a recognised pathological sequel to radiotherapy in the cervico-oro-facial region. Two cases of septic osteoradionecrosis which progressed to pathological fracture are described along with their subsequent clinical management.

Topics: Aged; Female; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Mandibular Diseases; Mandibular Fractures; Metronidazole; Osteomyelitis; Osteoradionecrosis; Oxytetracycline; Radiation Injuries; Radiography

Myospherulosis is a recently discovered disease apparently caused by the placement of mineral oil- or petrolatum-based products into various tissues. Terra-Cortril (a tetracycline/steroid ointment in a petrolatum base) on Gelfoam has been placed in the sockets of surgically removed third molars in an attempt to eliminate the occurrence of dry sockets. The case report presented here documents the radiographic progress of the disease for 6 years, showing an attempt by the bone to repair itself. A surgical procedure was performed to remove the affected tissue, and photographs were taken to illustrate the clinical appearance of the disease. The specimen consisted of a black, tarlike material which was completely encased in bone. Histologic examination was consistent with a diagnosis of myospherulosis.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Alveolar Process; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Drug Combinations; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Foreign-Body Reaction; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Mandibular Diseases; Oxytetracycline; Spherocytes

To determine if there is a need for close conformation of a hydroxylapatite implant to the root socket for successful prevention of alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction, second premolars and lateral incisors of six mature baboons were extracted bilaterally, and custom-fitted root replicas or half-length, plug-shaped forms of hydroxylapatite were implanted in the fresh sockets. Results showed that precise fit, as achieved by a custom-fitted implant, was not necessary for success. All implants were completely accepted, with evidence of new bone formation continuing for up to six months, the duration of the study. No resorption of the alveolar ridge was observed by gross or microscopic examination.

Topics: Alveolar Process; Animals; Bone Resorption; Connective Tissue; Durapatite; Gingiva; Hydroxyapatites; Mandibular Diseases; Osteogenesis; Oxytetracycline; Papio; Prostheses and Implants; Surface Properties; Tooth Extraction; Wound Healing

Myospherulosis is a unique, inflammatory, granulomatous lesion, which results from the action of lipid substances on extravasated erythrocytes. Petrolatum-based antibiotic ointments are the most frequent etiologic agents of iatrogenically acquired lesions. Six intraoral cases of myospherulosis are presented, including the first reported case in oral soft tissues. The literature of reported cases is summarized and the epidemiology, histopathology, and ultrastructure of the lesions are discussed. Predisposing events and recommendations for future use of petrolatum-based antibiotic ointments are presented.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Drug Combinations; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Ointment Bases; Oxytetracycline; Petrolatum; Spherocytes

Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Fluorescent Dyes; Mandible; Mandibular Diseases; Osteogenesis; Oxytetracycline; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Rabbits; Wound Healing

Topics: Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chlortetracycline; Female; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Maxillary Diseases; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Retrospective Studies