oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Leptospirosis

To determine whether vaccination with a monovalent Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis vaccine coupled with parenteral long-acting oxytetracycline treatment would improve the reproductive performance of beef cows.. Randomized controlled field trial.. 1,446 Angus-cross beef cows in 8 locations.. Cows were given 2 doses, 4 weeks apart, of vaccine (treatment; n=741) or placebo (control; 705). Cows in the treatment group were also given a single dose of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb], SC) at the time of booster vaccination. Estrus synchronization was performed, followed by fixed-time artificial insemination; bulls were introduced 14 days after insemination. Serum and urine samples were obtained on a random subset of cows (n=194) for detection of serologic titers and leptospiruria, and locations were categorized as positive or negative for leptospirosis on the basis of detection of leptospiruric cows.. No differences in pregnancy and calving rates between treatment and control groups were detected. Pregnancy rate following artificial insemination was lower among cows in locations positive for leptospirosis than among cows in locations negative for leptospirosis; however, overall pregnancy rate, calving rate following artificial insemination, and overall calving rate did not differ between groups when cows were grouped on the basis of location leptospirosis status.. Results suggested that under the conditions of the present study, administration of a monovalent Leptospira vaccine in conjunction with systemic administration of oxytetracycline did not significantly improve reproductive performance of beef cows.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Synergism; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Reproduction

To evaluate antibiotics for treatment of cattle with leptospirosis caused by Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo.. Randomized controlled trial.. 42 healthy mixed-breed cattle.. Cattle were inoculated via conjunctival instillation with L. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo. After infection and urinary shedding of L. borgpetersenii were confirmed, cattle were treated with various antibiotics. To determine effectiveness of antibiotic treatment, urinary shedding of L. borgpetersenii was monitored for 4 to 6 weeks after administration of antibiotics, using darkfield microscopic examination, microbial culture, immunofluorescence testing, and a polymerase chain reaction assay.. All inoculated cattle developed leptospirosis and shed leptospires in their urine. The following antibiotic treatments resulted in elimination of urinary shedding of leptospires: a single injection of oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg 19 mg/lb] of body weight, IM), tilmicosin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], SC), or a combination product that contained dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin G (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb], IM) or multiple injections of ceftiofur sodium (2.2 or 5 mg/kg [1 or 2.3 mg/lb], IM, once daily for 5 days, or 20 mg/kg, IM, once daily for 3 days).. Successful resolution of leptospirosis in cattle by administration of dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin G confirms results obtained by other investigators. Three other antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and ceftiofur) also were effective for resolving leptospirosis and may be useful substitutes for dihydrostreptomycin, an antibiotic that is no longer available for use in food-producing animals in the United States. Cost, safety, and withdrawal times of these various treatment options need to be considered.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Macrolides; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Treatment Outcome; Tylosin

Topics: Animals; Kidney; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Female; Humans; Leptospira interrogans; Leptospirosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Oxytetracycline; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Child; Disease Vectors; Female; Humans; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Uveitis

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Arthritis, Infectious; Dexamethasone; Humans; Indomethacin; Leptospirosis; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Benzathine; Phenylbutazone; Serologic Tests

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Guinea Pigs; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Streptomycin

Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Leptospirosis; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Dog Diseases; Dogs; In Vitro Techniques; Leptospirosis; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Chick Embryo; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Leptospira; Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Pharmacology; Research; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

A strain of Leptospira zanoni was used to produce chronic renal infections in young white mice. A variant of this strain produced an acute disease with over 50% mortality. The responses of both forms of disease to chemotherapy were studied. When treatment of the acute disease was initiated before jaundice occurred, suitable single doses of streptomycin, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and oxytetracycline (in oil) prevented death and chronic renal infection in a high percentage of mice. Bicillin, a long-acting penicillin preparation, was more effective than other penicillins, but it prevented the development of chronic renal infection in only half the treated mice. Streptomycin was the only antibiotic of which a single administration regularly cured the chronic renal infections: chlortetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline (in oil) were partially effective. Oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, Bicillin, fortified penicillin, procaine penicillin and potassium penicillin had no permanent action. The suitability of mice as laboratory animals in the study of experimental leptospirosis and the need for complete cure of carriers of chronic renal infection are emphasized. The above findings indicate that streptomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of leptospirosis in animals, and that it is worthy of further trial in man.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Erythromycin; Kidney Diseases; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Biological Phenomena; Breeding; Chlortetracycline; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Physiological Phenomena

Topics: Humans; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Humans; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Peptic Ulcer

Topics: Animals; Disease; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Animals; Carrier State; Cattle; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Leptospirosis; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Animals; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Mice; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Humans; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Male; Oxytetracycline