oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Kidney-Failure--Chronic

A renal failure model was developed in the dog to evaluate the effect of varying degrees of renal failure on drug pharmacokinetics. A controlled impairment of renal function was induced by electrocoagulating portions of one kidney and excising the contralateral kidney. The magnitude of renal dysfunction, defined by the percentage of normal glomerular filtration rate (% NGFR), was estimated by 125I-iothalamate total body clearance. The model was evaluated by comparing the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) before and after the induction of renal failure in two experiments: single intravenous dose (11 dogs); single intravenous and oral doses (8 dogs). Renal failure (RF) was studied in three classes according to % NGFR: less than 25%, severe RF; 25-39%, moderate RF; and greater than or equal to 40%, mild RF. Significant reductions were observed over RF class in OTC pharmacokinetic parameters for elimination and distribution but not for oral absorption.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Models, Biological; Oxytetracycline; Reference Values

An original method which uses in vitro anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C followed by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange chromatography is described; it shows that faecal material suspended in physiological saline can destroy added creatinine. The rate of breakdown by suspensions from uraemic subjects (mean 780 mumol h-1kg-1 SEM 70) was slightly faster than in normal subjects (mean 550 mumol h-1kg-1 SEM 80). Methylamine concentration increased over eight hours as creatinine was metabolised and sarcosine appeared as an intermediate. The rates of these reactions varied within and between individuals and were inhibited by oxygen and centrifugation but not by oxytetracycline. Concentrations of free amino acids did not change significantly despite the formation of ammonia. This approach should be useful in studying the metabolic inter-relationships between intestinal contents and the host organism in health and disease.

Topics: Adult; Aerobiosis; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Anaerobiosis; Creatinine; Feces; Female; Humans; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Methylamines; Oxytetracycline; Sarcosine; Uremia

Topics: Animals; Bone Development; Bone Resorption; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Demeclocycline; Dogs; Haversian System; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Oxytetracycline; Periosteum; Ribs

Topics: Adult; Aged; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline

Seven cases are reported in which drugs of the tetracycline group produced a fall in the glomerular filtration rate. In six patients there was a primary underlying renal disease and renal impairment. All seven patients were made seriously ill by the antibiotic. Two patients required immediate haemodialysis; one died and the other continued on dialysis until transplanted. Another patient initially responded to intravenous fluids and protein restriction but his renal function deteriorated and four months later he began maintenance haemodialysis. Three patients required peritoneal dialysis. The seventh patient responded satisfactorily to conservative management. The medical and medicolegal complications arising from the use of tetracycline in patients with renal disease are discussed. Yet another plea is made that drugs of the tetracycline group other than doxycycline should not be given to patients with chronic renal failure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Creatinine; Diarrhea; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline; Urea; Vomiting

Topics: Biological Transport; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Kinetics; Male; Methacycline; Oxytetracycline; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Liver; Oxytetracycline

Doxycycline, a recently synthesized analogue of tetracycline, was given to 16 patients with normal renal function and to 14 patients with severely impaired renal function. Serum concentrations in the two groups following a single dose were followed after absorption. The rate of clearance from the plasma following a single dose did not differ significantly in the two groups despite low urinary concentrations in patients with renal failure. No accumulation of doxycycline occurred in the serum of three normal patients or of nine patients with renal failure when treated with either 200 mg. daily or 200 mg. initially followed by 100 mg. daily for up to 15 days.

Topics: Biliary Fistula; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Anuria; Creatinine; Drug Therapy; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Oxytetracycline; Uremia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline