oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is an economically important disease in cattle. The objective of this study was to detect QTL associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in offspring from a Brahman x Hereford sire. The sire was mated to Hereford, Angus, and F1 cows to produce 288 offspring in 1994 and mated to MARC III ((1/4) Hereford, (1/4) Angus, (1/4) Red Poll, and (1/4) Pinzgauer) cows in 1996 to produce 259 offspring (547 animals total). Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed by physical examination in 36 animals of the family. Records included unilateral and bilateral frequency, but not severity. Records were binary: 0 for unaffected and 1 for affected cattle. A putative QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was identified on chromosome 1, with a maximum F-statistic (F = 10.15; P = 0.0015) at centimorgan 79 of the linkage group. The support interval spanned centimorgans 66 to 110. There was also evidence suggesting the presence of a QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis on chromosome 20, with a maximum F-statistic (F = 10.35; P = 0.0014) at centimorgan 16 of the linkage group. The support interval ranged from centimorgan 2 to 35. This report provides the initial evidence of QTL for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Although a candidate gene was identified for one of the regions of interest, further studies are needed to identify the genetic basis of resistance to the disease.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Cloxacillin; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Oxytetracycline; Quantitative Trait Loci

Studies were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an oxytetracycline HCl formulation for the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic Moraxella bovis ocular infections in calves. Two separate experiments were performed. For the first, calves were separated into two groups and the eyes were infected with M. bovis. The eyes of these calves were observed and cultured for 37 consecutive days. On the 37th and 40th day, each of the five calves were treated intramuscularly with the drug (20 mg/kg of body weight). The other five calves (second group) remained untreated as controls. The cultures from the five treated calves were negative after the first antibiotic administration and remained so for 14 days. M. bovis was isolated from each eye of the control calves at least once during that time. None of the antibiotic-treated calves was completely resistant when reinfected with M. bovis. For the second experiment, calves were given a prophylactic administration of the formulation and were then infected with M. bovis 48 (n = 4 calves) or 72 (n = 4 calves) h later. These treatments resulted in a lower incidence of keratoconjunctivitis and a decreased duration of bacterial shedding, as compared to controls (n = 8 calves), but did not completely prevent the occurrence of disease or the establishment of ocular infections.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Moraxella; Oxytetracycline

Acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections were induced in the UV-irradiated eyes of 10 calves. Eight calves developed corneal ulcers in at least 1 eye and were used for the treatment experiment. One randomly selected group of 4 calves with corneal ulcers and M bovis infections in 7 eyes was given a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in 2 IM dosages of 20 mg/kg of body weight each, 72 hours apart. The other 4 calves with corneal ulcers in 6 eyes and M bovis in all 8 eyes served as nontreated controls. Bilateral ocular cultures were obtained and clinical observations were made daily for 20 days after treatment. After administration of the long-acting drug, new ulcers did not develop in the treated calves, whereas 5 new ulcers developed in the control-group calves during this time. The average durations of increased lacrimation/ulcerated eye were 2 and 12 days after treatment in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the average durations of blepharospasm were 3 and 8 days, respectively. Moraxella bovis was not isolated from any of the eyes of the treatment-group calves for the first 6 days after the antibiotic was administered, but was isolated from 1 eye of 1 treated calf on posttreatment day 7 and daily thereafter, for a total of 14 positive cultures of 160 ocular cultures obtained from the treatment-group calves after treatment. The bacterium was isolated from all eyes and from 144 of 160 cultures from the control-group calves during this time.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Blepharospasm; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Corneal Ulcer; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Moraxella; Oxytetracycline; Tears

In a comparative study the clinical efficacy of five different treatments of keratoconjunctivitis infectiosa ovis (KIO) were tested, namely an intramuscular injection of chloramphenicol base (dosage 15 mg/kg), spiramycin base (Suanovil dosages 10 to 25 mg/kg), oxytetracycline (Engemycine Forte, Terramycin LA, dosages respectively 5 and 10 mg/kg), tiamulin (Dynamutulin, dosage 10 mg/kg) and subcutaneous injection of procaine penicillin G, benzathine penicillin G. and dihydrostreptomycin in the lower eyelid. It appeared from these field trials that spiramycin base, oxytetracycline and tiamulin had a clearly positive effect on the clinical course of 'pink eye', although with tiamulin there was only a temporary effect (high percentage of relapses). In view of the field data the following dosage schemes are, for the time being, advised: spiramycin base (Suanovil), and oxytetracycline (formulation with a good biological availability) both 20 to 30 mg/kg and, if necessary, to be repeated on days 5 and 10 after the first intramuscular injection. The dosage scheme advised for tiamulin is 20-30 mg/kg to be repeated on day 3 and if necessary on days 6 and 9 after the intramuscular injection. In mild cases it is sufficient to rub the eyes with for example oxytetracycline eye-ointment, a few times a day.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Diterpenes; Female; Keratoconjunctivitis; Leucomycins; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Clinical, microbiological, serological, histological, and therapeutic aspects of two separate outbreaks of caprine keratoconjunctivitis are described. The disease was characterized by a high rate of contagion, rapid onset, intense lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal opacity with neovascularization. In addition, many of the animals developed respiratory illness during the second epidemic. The only organism consistentlyisolated was Mycoplasma conjunctivae. A total of 23 strains were isolated from 18 inflamed conjunctivae, one normal conjunctiva, and the nasal secretions of four goats with concomitant respiratory illness. The convalescent sera of goats in the first outbreak had neutralizing antibody titers to M. conjunctivae that ranged from 1:32 to 1:256. In the milder second outbreak the antibody titers ranged from 1:4 to 1:32 in animals with only ocular disease and from 1:4 to 1:64 in animals with only respiratory disease. Whereas little change was noted in antibody titers of goats with only localized eye disease, 43% of the goats with respiratory disease showed significant fourfold rises. The histological picture was consistent with acute corneal infection. Animals requiring antibiotic treatment appeared to respond favorably to a combination of oxytetracycline and polymyxin B, but not to penicillin. These findings suggest that M. conjunctivae is one cause of epidemic caprine keratoconjunctivitis.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Conjunctiva; Goats; Keratoconjunctivitis; Mycoplasma; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxin B

Topics: Adult; Atropine; Biopsy; Child; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Darier Disease; Epithelium; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hyperplasia; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Hyperplasia; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Natamycin; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxins; Syndrome

Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Eye; Keratoconjunctivitis; Oxytetracycline; Psittaciformes

Topics: Berlin; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Oxytetracycline; Tonometry, Ocular

Topics: Animals; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Guinea Pigs; Keratoconjunctivitis; Oxytetracycline; Shigella; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Uracil

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Eye Diseases; Keratoconjunctivitis; Ophthalmology; Oxytetracycline