oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Inflammation

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Endometrium; Estrus; Female; Fertilization; Inflammation; Insemination, Artificial; Ovulation; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Sulfonamides; Time Factors; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Estrogens; Estrus; Female; Inflammation; Injections; Iodine; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Sulfonamides; Uterine Diseases; Uterus

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Trimethoprim

Environmental pollution may give rise to the incidence and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause for chronic severe liver lesions. Although knowledge of NAFLD pathogenesis is particularly important for the development of effective prevention, the relationship between NAFLD occurrence and exposure to emerging pollutants, such as microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic residues, awaits assessment.. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of MPs and antibiotic residues related to NAFLD occurrence using the zebrafish model species.. Taking common polystyrene MPs and oxytetracycline (OTC) as representatives, typical NAFLD symptoms, including lipid accumulation, liver inflammation, and hepatic oxidative stress, were screened after 28-d exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of MPs (. Compared with the control fish, zebrafish exposed to MPs and OTC exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid accumulation, triglycerides, and cholesterol contents, as well as inflammation, in conjunction with oxidative stress in their livers. In addition, a markedly smaller proportion of Proteobacteria and higher ratios of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were detected by microbiome analysis of gut contents in treated samples. After the exposures, the zebrafish also experienced intestinal oxidative injury and yielded significantly fewer numbers of goblet cells. Markedly higher levels of the intestinal bacteria-sourced endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were also detected in serum. Animals treated with MPs and OTC exhibited higher expression levels of LPS binding receptor (. Our results suggested that exposure to MPs and OTC may disrupt the gut-liver axis and be associated with NAFLD occurrence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11600.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; Microplastics; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oxytetracycline; Plastics; Polystyrenes; Zebrafish

Digital dermatitis (DD), a common ulcerative disease of the bovine foot causing lameness and reducing productivity and animal welfare, is associated with infection by spirochete Treponema bacteria. Topical tetracycline, the most common treatment, has inconsistent cure rates; therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. We compared effects of topical oxytetracycline and vitamin D

Topics: Animals; beta-Defensins; Cattle; Cell Line; Chemotactic Factors; Cholecalciferol; Digital Dermatitis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-8; Oxytetracycline; Skin; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Transcription, Genetic; Treponema

Oxytetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, but its nonantibacterial effects in the human respiratory tract are unknown. In this study, the effects of oxytetracycline on mucus secretion and inflammation were examined by PCR and ELISA in the human airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292. Oxytetracycline (10 μg/mL) significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC protein levels in NCI-H292 cells. It also downregulated IL-8 and IL-1β gene expression and IL-1β protein levels. Our findings demonstrated that oxytetracycline suppressed mucus production and inflammation in human respiratory epithelial cells, providing further evidence for the usefulness of oxytetracycline for human airway inflammatory diseases.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Down-Regulation; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-8; Mucin 5AC; Mucus; NF-kappa B; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory System; Signal Transduction

Antibiotics are widely used in zoo technical and veterinary practices as feed supplementation to ensure wellness of farmed animals and livestock. Several evidences have been suggesting both the toxic role for tetracyclines, particularly for oxytetracycline (OTC). This potential toxicity appears of great relevance for human nutrition and for domestic animals. This study aimed to extend the evaluation of such toxicity. The biologic impact of the drug was assessed by evaluating the proinflammatory effect of OTC and their bone residues on cytokine secretion by in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results showed that both OTC and OTC-bone residues significantly induced the T lymphocyte and non-T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, as cytokine involved in inflammatory responses in humans as well as in animals. These results may suggest a possible implication for new potential human and animal health risks depending on the entry of tetracyclines in the food-processing chain.

Topics: Apoptosis; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Oxytetracycline

Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity. In addition, we evaluated the effect of such botanicals in contrasting the in vitro proinflammatory toxicity of OTC. Our results showed a significant reduction in interferon- (INF-) γ production by human and canine lymphocytes in presence of botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). Increased INF-γ production, dependent on 24-hour OTC-incubation of T lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by the coincubation with Haematococcus pluvialis, with Glycine max, and with the mix of all botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of these botanicals was shown to be able to contrast OTC-toxicity and could represent a new approach for the development of functional foods useful to enhance the standard pharmacological treatment in infections as well as in preventing or reducing the emergence of inflammatory diseases.

Topics: Adult; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cells, Cultured; Chickens; Culture Media; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Dogs; Female; Functional Food; Glycine max; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Lymphocytes; Male; Oxytetracycline; Plant Extracts

Oxytetracycline has been suggested as an alternate therapy for chronic recurrent sialadenitis and sialorrhea. We conducted an experimental study to investigate the sclerotic effect of this drug on the submandibular gland by histopathologic methods. Our subjects were 20 New Zealand white rabbits, which were divided into two groups of 10. The right submandibular gland of the rabbits in the active-treatment group was injected with 0.3 ml of oxytetracycline (100 mg/ml), and that of the controls was injected with saline. Four weeks after the injections, all the glands were removed. Histopathologic studies, including hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining, were carried out. The glands were evaluated for tissue inflammation, congestion, fibrosis, edema, lipomatosis, and atrophy. To investigate apoptosis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemical staining was used. In the study group, inflammation (n = 9), congestion (n = 9), fibrosis (n = 6), edema (n = 6), and lipomatosis (n = 4) were observed; in the sham group, only lipomatosis was seen (n = 5). The TUNEL assay results for acinar cells were 4.51 ± 1.41% in the oxytetracycline group and 2.08 ± 1.76% in the control group (p = 0.006); the corresponding figures for the duct cells were 7.05 ± 0.87% and 3.10 ± 2.26% (p = 0.001). Based on our findings, we conclude that oxytetracycline might be a viable alternative for the treatment of chronic recurrent sialadenitis and sialorrhea. However, more research in this area is needed.

Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Atrophy; Fibrosis; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Inflammation; Lipomatosis; Models, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits; Sclerosis; Sialadenitis; Sialorrhea; Submandibular Gland

The non-antibiotic anti-inflammatory theory of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) predicts that alternatives can be selected by simple in vitro tests. In vitro, the known AGP oxytetracycline (OTC) and a Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) had an anti-inflammatory effect with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 88 and 132 mg/l, respectively. In vivo, chickens received three different concentrations of MCE in drinking-water, OTC in feed and a control. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio were determined on days 14, 21 and 35. On day 35, body composition was determined. Plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AG) concentration was measured on days 21 and 35, and the expression of several jejunal inflammatory genes was determined on day 35. OTC-fed chickens showed a significantly higher BW, FI and G:F ratio compared with the control group at all time points. MCE had a significant linear effect on BW on days 21 and 35, and the G:F ratio was improved only over the whole period, whereas FI was not different. Only MCE but not OTC decreased the percentage of abdominal fat. Plasma α1-AG concentration increased from day 21 to 35, with the values being lower in the treatment groups. Both OTC and MCE significantly reduced the jejunal mucosal expression of inducible NO synthase. For most parameters measured, there was a clear linear dose-response to treatment with MCE. In conclusion, the results are consistent with the anti-inflammatory theory of growth promotion in production animals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Composition; Body Weight; Chickens; Gene Expression; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Orosomucoid; Oxytetracycline; Papaveraceae; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Weight Gain

Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterised by an excessive, and detrimental, inflammatory response. We review our experience of using a combined topical steroid, antibiotic and antifungal preparation in the treatment of chronic wounds displaying abnormal and excessive inflammation.. A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients being treated with a topical preparation containing a steroid (clobetasone butyrate 0.05%), antibiotic and antifungal at a tertiary wound healing centre over a ten-year period. Patients were selected as the primary treating physician felt the wounds were displaying excessive inflammation. Healing rates were calculated for before and during this treatment period for each patient. Changes in symptom burden (pain, odour and exudate levels) following topical application were also calculated.. Overall, 34 ulcers were identified from 25 individual patients (mean age: 65 years, range: 37-97 years) and 331 clinic visits were analysed, spanning a total time of 14,670 days (7,721 days 'before treatment' time, 6,949 days 'during treatment' time). Following treatment, 24 ulcers demonstrated faster rates of healing, 3 ulcers showed no significant change in healing rates and 7 were healing more slowly (p=0.0006). Treatment generally reduced the burden of pain and exudate, without affecting odour.. In normal wound healing, inflammation represents a transient but essential phase of tissue repair. In selected cases, direct application of a steroid containing agent has been shown to improve healing rates, presumably by curtailing this phase. Further evaluation is required to establish the role of preparations containing topical steroids without antimicrobials in the management of chronic wounds.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Chronic Disease; Clobetasol; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Retrospective Studies; Wound Healing

The excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture can adversely affect not only the environment, but also fish themselves. In this regard, there is evidence that some antibiotics can activate the immune system and reduce their effectiveness. None of those studies consider in detail the adverse inflammatory effect that the antibiotic remaining in the water may cause to the fish. In this work, we use the zebrafish to analyze quantitatively the effects of persistent exposure to oxytetracycline, the most common antibiotic used in fish farming.. We developed a quantitative assay in which we exposed zebrafish larvae to oxytetracycline for a period of 24 to 96 hrs. In order to determinate if the exposure causes any inflammation reaction, we evaluated neutrophils infiltration and quantified their total number analyzing the Tg(mpx:GFP)(i114) transgenic line by fluorescence stereoscope, microscope and flow cytometry respectively. On the other hand, we characterized the process at a molecular level by analyzing several immune markers (il-1β, il-10, lysC, mpx, cyp1a) at different time points by qPCR. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the inflammation triggered by oxytetracycline on the regeneration capacity in the lateral line.. Our results suggest that after 48 hours of exposure, the oxytetracycline triggered a widespread inflammation process that persisted until 96 hours of exposure. Interestingly, larvae that developed an inflammation process showed an improved regeneration capacity in the mechanosensory system lateral line.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Fish Diseases; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Regeneration; Zebrafish

Oxytetracycline has been used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchial inflammation and infectious asthma. However, its potential use for non-infectious asthma has not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of oxytetracycline using a mouse asthma model. Female BALB/c mice, sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Naive CD4+ T cells from spleen were stimulated for 72 h with anti-CD3 (5 μg/ml) plus anti-CD28 (2.5 μg/ml) and differentiated into Th2 cells. IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE production were measured by ELISA in BALF and cell supernatants. Histopathological evaluation was used to study the alterations in lung tissue. The mRNA levels of CCL5, CCL11, CCR1, and CCR3 were detected by real-time PCR. In addition, the protein levels of p-Akt, Akt, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), IκBα and p-IκBα in lung tissue and cells were measured by western blot or immunofluorescence analysis. Oxytetracycline treatment caused a marked reduction in IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, immune cells, and the level of ovalbumin-specific IgE. Real-time PCR studies demonstrated that oxytetracycline can significantly reduce CCL5, CCL11 and their specific receptor CCR1 and CCR3. Histological studies demonstrated that oxytetracycline substantially inhibited ovalbumin-induced inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue and goblet cell hyperplasia in airway. Oxytetracycline inhibited the NF-κB activation via phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the increased phosphorylated Akt but not Akt protein levels in lung tissues after OVA inhalation were significantly reduced by the oral administration of oxytetracycline. These findings demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect of oxytetracycline that might be mediated via reduction of inflammatory mediators and activation of transcription factors.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; I-kappa B Proteins; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-kappa B; NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; Ovalbumin; Oxytetracycline; Phosphorylation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Respiratory System; Signal Transduction

This protocol describes microsphere-based protease assays for use in flow cytometry and high-throughput screening. This platform measures a loss of fluorescence from the surface of a microsphere due to the cleavage of an attached fluorescent protease substrate by a suitable protease enzyme. The assay format can be adapted to any site or protein-specific protease of interest and results can be measured in both real time and as endpoint fluorescence assays on a flow cytometer. Endpoint assays are easily adapted to microplate format for flow cytometry high-throughput analysis and inhibitor screening.

Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Green Fluorescent Proteins; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Inflammation; Kinetics; Microspheres; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature

The pharmacokinetic properties and local tolerance of three oxytetracycline formulations, one conventional (Engemycine, 10%) and two long-acting (Oxyter LA, 20% and Terramycin LA, 20%) were compared in clinically healthy cross-bred pigs following intramuscular injection of single doses (20 mg/kg body weight) in the neck region. Non-compartmental methods were used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Assessment of local tolerance was based on serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration and a combination of echographical, macroscopic and histological examinations of the intramuscular injection site. Statistically significant differences (one-way analysis of variance, F-test) were obtained between the three formulations in peak plasma concentration, peak time and mean residence time. Area under the curve did not differ significantly between the formulations. Using the Students t-test for paired data, the two long-acting formulations differed significantly in peak plasma concentration and peak time. Both of the long-acting formulations differed significantly from the conventional formulation in the peak time and mean residence time. All three formulations produced an increase in serum CPK concentrations. The increase in CPK concentration was present from 6 to 24 h post treatment for Terramycin LA, from 6 to 72 h for Oxyter LA and from 6 to 96 h for Engemycine (the conventional formulation). Echographical examination of the injection site showed lesions of an inflammatory type up to 96 h after IM injection of the drug products, whereas from 7 days the lesions represented primarily scar formation. Histological examination of tissue from the injection site did not correlate with echographical scores. The results obtained in this study show that the long-acting formulations provide significantly longer mean residence times of oxytetracycline than the conventional formulation, and that local tolerance at the IM injection site was similar for all three formulations under the experimental conditions used in this study. It can be concluded that the long-acting formulations provide the advantage of a longer dosage interval when administered to pigs by intramuscular injection in the neck region at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Creatine Kinase; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Neck; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Ultrasonography

The effect of acute inflammation on oxytetracycline (OTC) distribution was studied in a tissue cage model in calves. An acute inflammatory reaction was induced in tissue cages by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium. The distribution of OTC to tissue cage fluid (TCF) was also compared with distribution to fluid from granuloma pouches (GPF). Tissue from LPS-injected cages showed histological changes indicating an acute inflammatory reaction. Concentrations of OTC were higher in LPS cages than in controls; at 1, 2, 4 and 10 h the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Numerically the overall elimination rate constant (kel) was larger, elimination half-life (t1/2) shorter, peak concentration (Cmax) higher, and time of peak concentration (Tmax) shorter in LPS cages than in controls. The area under the curve (AUC) of OTC was greater and the ratio AUCTCF/AUCserum was higher in LPS cages than in controls. Although statistically significant differences were not found for all the pharmacokinetic parameters, it was concluded that distribution to and elimination from LPS cages were both faster than in controls. Concentration-time profiles of OTC were similar in TCF and GPF in that concentrations were lower and elimination was more prolonged than in serum. Levels were higher in GPF than in TCF up to 3 h after injection; thereafter the relationship was reversed. Distribution to and elimination processes from GPF appeared to be faster than from TCF as numerically kel was higher, t1/2 shorter and Tmax shorter in GPF than in TCF. It was concluded that the granuloma pouch model and the tissue cage model have similarities in distribution and elimination patterns and that differences are most probably due to differences in the ratio of the surface area to the volume.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Granuloma; Inflammation; Injections, Intravenous; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxytetracycline; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Movement; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Oxytetracycline

The effects of systemically administered oxytetracycline and erythromycin in a guinea pig model of acne-type inflammation were assessed histologically and by tissue measurement techniques. It was found that oxytetracycline significantly reduced the volume and maximum area of inflammation compared with both control and erythromycin treated groups. Oxytetracycline also altered the morphology of the inflammatory infiltrate significantly reducing the proportion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes present. In this model, erythromycin did not alter the inflammatory response but did seem to reduce the amount of transepidermal elimination of inflammatory debris.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Erythromycin; Guinea Pigs; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Skin

Rabbit mucoid enteritis (mucoid enteropathy) is a subacute fatal disease of weanling rabbits with unknown cause. Mucoid enteritis was experimentally produced by ligating the large intestines in rabbits. Of the rabbits with ligated cecum and those with ligated colon, 70% and 45%, respectively, had excessive production of mucus and passed large amounts of mucus with feces, closely resembling the naturally occurring mucoid enteritis. Injection of oxytetracycline into the cecum at the time of ligation prevented the development of mucoid enteritis, and injection of cholestyramine markedly reduced the frequency of the disease in the rabbits with ligated cecum.

Topics: Animals; Cecum; Cholestyramine Resin; Colon; Constipation; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Large; Ligation; Mucus; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits

Topics: Air Sacs; Animals; Chloramphenicol; Fish Diseases; Furazolidone; Immune Sera; Immunization; Inflammation; Methylene Blue; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides

Topics: Animals; Female; Iliac Artery; Inflammation; Male; Oxytetracycline; Radiography; Surgical Staplers; Surgical Wound Infection; Swine; Wound Healing

Topics: Biological Transport; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Biological Assay; Blindness; Colistin; Dogs; Eye Diseases; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Perfusion; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Uveitis; Vitreous Body

Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Inflammation; Iontophoresis; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcus

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Enterococcus faecalis; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Escherichia coli; Inflammation; Klebsiella; Lung Abscess; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Urine

Topics: Drug Therapy; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Oxytetracycline; Urethra; Urethritis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Erythromycin; Female; gamma-Globulins; Gynecology; Humans; Inflammation; Novobiocin; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Maxillary Sinus; Oxytetracycline; Sinusitis

Topics: Infections; Inflammation; Internal Medicine; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Male; Oxytetracycline; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections; Urethra; Urethritis; Virus Diseases

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Skin Diseases

Topics: Drug Combinations; Eye Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Disease; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Maxillary Sinus; Oxytetracycline; Paranasal Sinus Diseases

Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Inflammation; Oxytetracycline; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Eye; Eye Diseases; Head; Inflammation; Oxytetracycline